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Tibetan macaque ( Macaca thibetana) is a threatened primate species endemic to China. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses were conducted in 66 Tibetan individuals from Sichuan (SC), Huangshan (HS), and Fujian (FJ) based on a 477-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA control region. Four new haplotypes were defined, and a relatively high level of genetic diversity was first observed in FJ populations (Hd = 0.7661). Notably, a continuous approximately 10 bp-fragment deletion was observed near the 5′ end of the mtDNA control region of both HS and FJ populations when compared with that of SC population, and a sharing haplotype was found between the two populations, revealing a closer genetic relationship. However, significant genetic differentiation ( FST = 0.8700) and more poor gene exchange (Nm < 1) had occurred among three populations. This study mainly provide a further insight into the genetic relationship between HS and FJ Tibetan macaque populations, but it may be necessary to carry out further study with extra samples from other locations in the geographic coverage of the two subspecies ( M. thibetana pullus and M. thibetana huangshanensis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Mustela sibirica. The complete mitogenome of M. sibirica is 16,529 bp in length and consist of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a D-loop region. The overall base composition of the mitochondrial DNA is 32.88%A, 13.84%G, 27.32%T, and 25.96%C. The phylogenetic tree of the family Mustelidae constructed by using mitogenome sequences from 10 mustelid species of the family Mustelidae. These results provide necessary information for molecular phylogeny and evolutionary analysis of the M. sibirica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) from China. It has a circular genome of 16,352 bp (GeneBank number: MK697349) with a higher A + T content of 62.06%, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and 1 control region (D-loop), which was similar to typical vertebrate mitochondrial DNA. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that our sequence clustered with two Alpine musk deer subspecies from Sichuan, China. The results could provide more molecular information to support the conservation and genetic resources of Alpine musk deer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dwarf blue sheep (Pseudois schaeferi) belongs to the subfamily Caprinae within the Cetartiodactyla. Here, we report on the complete mitochondrial genome of a dwarf blue sheep from Nangqian of Qinghai, China. The genome (MK087727) has a length of 16,709 bp and exhibits the typical structure of mammalian mitochondrial genomes. Phylogenetically, the new dwarf blue sheep formed a strongly supported sister lineage to the previously reported P. schaeferi (JQ040802). These results support for dwarf blue sheep as a subspecies of Pseudois nayaur and provide more molecular data for conservation of the endemic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) belongs to the subfamily Caprinae. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of a blue sheep subspecies (Pseudois nayaur szechuanensis) from Gongga Mountains of Sichuan, China. The genome (GenBank accession number MH719216) has a length of 16,664 bp and exhibits the typical structure of mammalian mitochondrial genomes. Phylogenetically, the newly generated mitochondrial genome is nested within the genus Pseudois group and formed a strongly supported (100% bootstrap) sister lineage to the previously reported P. n. szechuanensis (GenBank accession number, KJ784494). These results provide more molecular data for the genetic diversity conservation of this rare species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the bird Garrulax albogularis. The mitochondrial genome of G. albogularis was 17,870 bp and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and two control regions. The overall base composition of the mitogenome was biased toward at 53.83%A + T content. ND6 and nine tRNA genes were encoded on the L-strand. The other protein-coding genes (PCGs) and tRNA genes were all distributed on the H-strand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) from China has been described in this study. It has a circular genome of 16,996 bp with a higher A + T content of 58.65%, and the base composition is A: 32.31%, G: 14.29%, T: 26.35%, C: 27.06%. When compared with the reported individual (KR919624) from China, there are 81 variations and 58 base deletion between the two sequences. The phylogenetic analysis indicated our sequence separated clearly from Eurasian lynx individuals in the previous publications. These results could provide more molecular information for the conservation of Eurasian lynx genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we first characterized the complete mitogenome of Pygathrix nigripes, and analysed its phylogenetic status. The circular mitogenome was 16,534 bp in length, and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and one non-coding control region (D-loop). These genes except ND6 and 8 tRNA genes were encoded on the H-strand. The phylogenetic analysis exhibited that our sequence formed a sister branch with P. cinereal and P. nemaeus of genus Pygathrix, which showed a closer genetic relationship of the three species. These information contribute to molecular, phylogenetic studies and genetic diversity conservation for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the near complete mitogenome sequence (15,469 bp) of Oreolalax major was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 19 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (GenBank accession number KU310894). The features of O. major have one more tRNA gene (tRNAMet) behind the original one before ND2 which is similar to Leptobrachium boringii. Phylogenetic analyses were based on the concatenated sequences of the 13 protein-encoding genes of O. major and other related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA genome ofYuhina diademataby means of polymerase chain reaction. The circle genome (17 834 bp in length) contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 control regions (Dloop1andDloop2), which was similar to the other published mitogenome of Timaliidae species. Most PCGs began with ATG, whileCOIandND2genes started with GTG. Nine of the PCGs used complete (TAA) or incomplete (TA– or T––) stop codon, whileND1andND6genes ended with AGA,COIgene ended with AGG, andND6gene with TAG. Overall base composition of the complete mtDNA was 30.30% A, 23.81% T, 31.72% C, and 14.17% G. All the PCGs inY. diadematawere distributed on the H-strand, except for theND6gene and eight tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome fromMinla ignotincta. The genome sequence was 17 868 bp in length, and the gene arrangement and contents were identical to those of previously reported Timaliidae mitochondrial genomes. The overall base composition of the mitogenome is biased toward A + T content at 54.04%. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) began with ATG. Nine of the 13 PCGs used complete (TAA) or incomplete (TA or T) stop codon, whileND1andND5ended with AGA,COIended with AGG andND6with TAG. All the genes inM. ignotinctawere distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The entire mitogenome ofTylototriton kweichowensisis 16 727 bp in length. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGS), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), and 1 control region (CR). Except for ND6 subunit and 8 tRNA genes are distributed on the L-strand, all the other PCGs and tRNA genes are located on the H-strand. “ATG” and “GTG” are the start codons of the PCGs, “TAA”, “AGA”, “TA–” and “T––” are the stop codons. Most of the tRNA genes can be folded into typical clover-leaf secondary structure. The genome ofT. kweichowensishas two repeat sequences in the cob-noncoding region. Mitogenomic phylogenetic analysis (NJ tree) robustly resolved the genus-level relationship among the three generaTylototriton, Echinotriton, andPleurodeles, and which is congruent with the previous molecular phylogeny results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drosophila formosana(Diptera: Drosophilidae) belongs to the Drosophilidae group of Drosophila. The mitochondrial genome sequence ofDrosophila formosanais determined in this study. Mitochondrion ofD. formosanais a circular DNA molecule of the 16 100 nucleotide pairs (bp) that contains one encoding region including 37 genes and 1 non-coding A + T-rich region. The similarity and typicality have been showed by the structure and organization analysis. All genes are arranged in the circular DNA molecule. In addition to DN5 that use GTG start codon, all other protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with an ATN start codon. Ten protein-coding genes stop with the termination codon TAN, while other protein-coding genes (PCGs) used incomplete termination codon TA– (cox2, nad5, nad1). The A + T-rich region with a length of 1088 bp is located between rrnS and trnI. The mitochondrial genome ofD. formosanahas been completely sequenced for the first time in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofGarrulax formosuswas obtained for the first time, which is 17 869 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA genes and 2 different control regions. All genes are distributed in plus strand, with the exceptions of one PCG (ND6) and eight tRNA genes. All PCGs are initiated with ATG, except forCOX1, which is initiated with GTG, while stopped by five types of stop codons. All tRNA genes have the potential to fold into typical clover-leaf structure excepttRNASer(GCT). According to the phylogenetic tree, we can infer that it is reasonable to divideGarrulax formosusinto the genusGarrulax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial ofBabax lanceolatusis 17 849 bp in length. The contents of A, C, T, and G in the mitochondrial genome were 29.53%, 32.62%, 23.72%, and 14.13%, respectively. The mitogenome ofB. lanceolatuswere composed of 13 typical protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and two putative control regions. All protein-coding, rRNA, and tRNA genes were similar to those of other Passeriformes in gene arrangement and composition.Garrulax perspicillatuswas the nearest sister toB. lanceolatus, and they were clustered with other species of Garrulax family. The results could provide essential information for molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of Passeriformes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitogenome ofTylototriton shanjingis 16,661 bp in length with GenBank accession number KR154461, which contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and 1 control region (CR). The overall base composition of this mitogenome is biased toward AT content at 59.45%. Most of the PCGs and tRNA genes are located on the H-strand, except for ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes, which were distributed on the L-strand. The PCGs used “ATG” and “GTG” as the start codons, while “TAA”, “TAG”, “AGA”, and “T–” are used as stop codons. Almost all tRNA genes were folded into typical cloverleaf secondary structures. TheT. shanjinggenome had two tandem repeat sequences in the cob-noncoding region. The mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses shows that the generaEchinotriton and Tylototritonwere clustered into a strong supported monophyletic clade, which is a sister clade to the genusPleurodeles, this confirms the previous phylogenetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timaliidae, generally known as the babblers, includes about 275 species in 50 genera. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome ofGarrulax ocellatus, and it was determined to be 17,828 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNAsfer (tRNA) genes, and 2 control regions. The complete mitochondrial genome contained 15.24% G, 23.02% T, 33.13% C, and 28.61% A, which was similar to otherPasseriformesmitochondrial genomes. There are eight tRNA genes and one PCG (ND6) encoded on the L-strand, and other PCGs were encoded on the H-strand. All genes were closely assembled and only 17 intergenic spacers were observed. In total, the spacers were 99 bp in length, and there were seven pairs of genes overlapping sequences of 30 bp in length. Phylogenetic relationship could provide useful information for the further study on the species taxonomic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tylototriton taliangensiswas listed as a Near Threatened amphibian in IUCN red list. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of this species (GenBank: KP979646) and found it contains 16,265 base pairs, which encode 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA) and 1 control region (CR). We also found that almost all PCGs and tRNA genes are located on the H-strand, except for ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes, which were distributed on the L-strand. The PCGs used “ATG” and “GTG” as the start codon, while used four types of stop codons. Almost all tRNA genes were folded into typical cloverleaf secondary structures. The L-strand replication origin (OL) and a non-coding region were also found. The new mitogenomic phylogenetic tree confirms the reciprocally monophyly of the genusTylototriton, EchinotritonandPleurodeleswith high bootstrap value. The present study will provide information for future studies on the conservation genetics and phylogeny of this species and its relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The red-tail knobby newt (Tylototriton kweichowensis), endemic to Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (China), is classed as vulnerable amphibian by IUCN. Recently, habitat destruction and degradation are major threats to this species. To assess the genetic diversity and population structure with this species, we determined the sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and tRNA-Phe gene in 13 individuals from two sites in Yunnan, and reanalyzed 58 published samples from 12 sties in Yunnan and Guizhou. Nineteen variable sites were observed and 28 haplotypes were identified. Haplotype diversity was high (0.9364) and nucleotide diversity among all haplotypes was relatively low (0.00219). Bayesian tree and a median-joining network revealed no significant phylogeographic structure. Both the bell-shaped pairwise mismatch distribution and significant negative values of Fu's F S suggested that red-tail knobby newt have experienced a recent population expansion. Base on the results of this study, several conservation recommendations on this vulnerable species are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]