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Currently, the rare earth element plays a very strategic role in the world, because almost all modern industrial products such as electronics, health, batteries, automotive, space vehicles and weapon equipment use rare earth elements to improve performance, quality and accuracy of products. Most of the rare earth elements (REEs) in Indonesia are in the form of monazite which is a radioactive mineral. Regulation to process REEs will of course also refer to nuclear regulation. Indonesia has the potential to develop an industry based on rare earth elements. Indonesia has natural resources as the form of monazite mineral which is a by-product of tin mining. Indonesia also has potential resources as a primary source in various regions, but it still requires intensive exploration to obtain measurable resources. Various researches have been conducted in order to master the extraction technology of rare earth elements, starting from the separation of monazite which is a radioactive mineral, separation of several elements in the form of oxides, application of rare earth elements. Research has been carried out on laboratory and pilot plant scale. The production of rare earth in the world is controlled by China, so that many developed countries are hunting for obtaining rare earth resources including from Indonesia to reduce dependence on China. Indonesia realized that monazite is a strategic material, so Indonesia has taken a policy of not exporting in the form of raw material, but must process first, at least to rare earth oxides for export, for medium term goals. The objective of the research is to provide a recommendation on existing regulation and policies, so that the radioactive mineral processing industry can run well as soon as possible. The most crucial problems are that there is no guaranteed stock of raw materials. Raw materials are controlled by various parties so that they have not reached critical mass for industry. Currently there is no clear governance as a guide for industry players, and local technology that has not been proven. Recommendations for regulations and policies that need to be proposed immediately are the preparation of Draft Government Regulations related to the management of radioactive minerals, and encouraging cooperation between research institutes and industry for the provision of proven technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth elements (REE) is one of the materials that can be applied in advance technology including battery, but the price that rose sharply in 2011 puts the risk of supplying it in the supply chain of this material, so currently, other materials based on Li and Ni elements are the main choice. New materials using LTJ provide significant technological developments in materials science. The development of this material is widely applied in industry to improve product quality. Unconventional mineral resources are one of the resources obtained from the co or by-product mineral processing such as in tin mining, which is the residue from the processing produces tin-bearing minerals (MIT), one co- product is monazite and by-product is tin slag (slag). Both contain quite high rare earth elements depending on the level of beneficiation and processing. Bangka's monazite and tin slag concentrate contain a total of about 60% and 7% of rare- earth elements (TREO), respectively about 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm uranium and 6% and 5,000 ppm thorium. The availability of rare earth resources in Indonesia has not been widely publicized due to their availability as co-product commodity in tin mining. The research purpose is to estimate early resources to support the processing and utilization of rare earth elements-based industries. The research method is carried out through inventory, sampling, and testing of tin slag samples from 25 smelters. The samples were analysed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method to measure REE and their concentration. The monazite production as co-product of tin mining from 2012 to present is 16,448 tons while slag 1 and slag 2 as by products are 456,464 tons and 186,906 tons. Based on the XRF analysis on the samples, total REE in monazite, slag 1, and slag 2 are 56.79%, 11.8%, and 8.68% respectively. The REE resources from monazite and tin slags are 9,341 tons and 70,314 tons respectively. Total resources are 79,655 tons REE as unconventional resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]