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To develop nutritional oil similar to Chinese human milk in terms of fatty acids composition and triglyceride, several vegetable oils and 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol (OPO) were selected to prepare nutritional oil microcapsule. The result showed that human milk fat substitute (HMFS) prepared by these oils (soybean oil (SO): camellia oil (CMO): high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO): corn oil (CRO): OPO = 28.24:0.00:12.94:8.82:50.00) was the optimal formula. After spray drying, the final microcapsule product was milky white with good solubility and microencapsulation efficiency (MEE = 92.1%). The dispersion coefficient of the microcapsule particle size distribution was 0.200 and the average particle size was 202.767 nm, both particle size distribution experiment and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that the particle size of the microcapsule was uniform and the surface was smooth, After 30 days' accelerated experiment, the peroxide value of microcapsule products was 10.24 meq/kg, indicating the product had good oxidative stability. Practical applications: Human milk is considered the most ideal food source for newborns, but not all cases have human milk for infant. Therefore, it is necessary to produce formula milk powder whose composition and function are closer to human milk. This study used five commonly edible oils and added OPO to develop a HMFS similar to human milk in fatty acids and triglycerides. The optimal formula contributed to long shelf life (27 months) and good physicochemical properties, promoting the development of HMFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins have important biological functions, such as anticancer properties, preventing Helicobacter pylori infection, and immune functions. However, the full range of colostrum MFGM proteins has not completely identified. In this study, extracted colostrum MFGM proteins were identified and quantified using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomic method. A total of 411 human and bovine colostrum MFGM proteins were identified and quantified. These MFGM proteins were classified according to gene ontology annotation. The major biological processes involved were response to stimulus, representing 19 % of total proteins; establishment of localization (18 %); and cellular component organization (17 %). The most prevalent cellular components were intracellular representing 19 %, and intracellular part represented 18 %. The most prevalent molecular function was protein binding (46 %). Hierarchical clustering was used for the quantitative analysis of colostrum MFGM levels in humans and bovines. Furthermore, one-factor analysis of variance identified 26 differentially expressed proteins. The differentially expressed proteins were involved in three major pathways: calcium signaling pathway, phagosome, and FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. This study examined the expression changes and functional differences of colostrum MFGM proteins between humans and bovines to provide useful information and potential research directions for the dairy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MM has similar fatty acid composition and fat globule size to HM. • SM had a similar lipolysis degree to HM. • During digestion, MM triglyceride composition is similar to that of HM. The differences in the milk fat digestion from goat milk (GM), camel milk (CM), bovine milk (BM), sheep milk (SM), mare milk (MM) and human milk (HM) using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model for simulated infants were investigated. The particle size distributions in goat and mare milk were similar to that of HM after digestion in the small intestine. During in vitro digestion, the zeta-potential change of MM was more consistent with that of HM. After 60 min of gastric digestion, the lipolysis degree (LD) of different milks were<2%, of which the highest LD was MM (1.84%), followed by HM (1.45%). At the end of intestinal digestion, the LD of HM was the highest, reaching 88.47%, and the LD of SM was similar to that of HM, reaching 83.92%, followed by GM (57.00%), BM (40.98%) and MM (39.37%), respectively, the LD of CM was only 29.99%, which was much lower than HM. The results of the glyceride composition hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that MM and HM were clustered into one category at the end of gastric and intestinal digestion. This study provides a scientific basis for the development of lipid ingredients in infant formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]