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Radiowave hemostasis was used for endoscopic stopping of bleeding from gastric and duodenal ulcers in 96 patients. Primary single radiowave hemostasis permitted to achieve stable effect in 80 (83.3%) patients. After repeated radiowave hemostasis bleeding was completely stopped in 14 (14.6%) patients, 2 (2.1%) patients of this group underwent urgent surgery. On day 10 after radiowave hemostasis 95% of mucosal defects epithialized.

Gastroduodenal disorders were studied endoscopically for 5 years in 159 Chernobyl wreckers and were compared to subjects unexposed to ionising radiation. Upper gastroduodenal tract was examined with esophagogastroduodenoscopy to avoid additional radiation load. It was found that 8-12 years after irradiation, many examinees had gastroduodenal mucosa erosions the rate of which was persistently high. Incidences of malignant and benign tumors in the study and control groups did not differ significantly.

The effective curative-diagnostic laparoscopy in acute pancreatitis depends on the time of its performance and on the seriousness of the disease. The use of special mathematical formulas and nomograms makes it possible to improve results of the treatment.

The paper provides the results of endoscopic and morphologic follow-up of healing of extensive corrosive gastric ulcer in He-Ne laser therapy of 34 patients (512 gastric biopsies). Laser radiation of ulcer reduces frequency of stenosis in healing outcome as well as treatment duration, creates conditions for healing without leukocytic fusion of necrotic tissues. Effectivity of laser therapy is determined by the time of its start and regularity.

The authors present a sequence of diagnostic (the patients' complaints, case history, clinical, x-ray and endoscopic evidence) and therapeutic (endoscopic treatment) measures to be taken in order to remove foreign bodies responsible for esophageal obstruction. The policy proposed allows the physicians to avoid misdiagnosis and to clear away foreign bodies from the esophagus with minimal complications in 96% of the cases.

The authors suggest a method for endoscopic infiltration of glue under the base of a benign gastric tumor before its removal through an endoscope, for the prevention of bleeding from its seat and perforation of the organ. The method was used in removal of 116 benign tumors measuring from 0.5 to 5.0 cm in size. The results provide evidence of reliable prevention of these complications with the use of the suggested method.

A special medicinal glue MIK-T capable of infiltrating biological tissue by means of an endoscopic needle was developed. The authors suggest a method for glue endoscopic infiltration of the source of gastroduodenal bleeding for its arrest and prevention of a recurrence. Experimental study was undertaken to study the efficacy of glue endoscopic infiltration, determine the terms of glue resolution, and reveal the morphological changes in the zone of glue injection. The method of glue endoscopic infiltration was employed in complex treatment of 109 patients with acute gastroduodenal bleeding. The results provide evidence of the high efficacy of the method and its advantages over diathermocoagulation in arresting and preventing recurrences of acute gastroduodenal bleeding.

Laparoscopic gallbladder drainage was performed as an alternative intervention to an emergency operation in 97 patients with acute cholecystitis whose ages ranged from 60 to 89 years. One patient died from thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. After acute inflammation was arrested, 37 patients underwent cholecystectomy. The risk of a radical operation was ascertained to be very high in 58 cases. In 19 of these cases endoscopic cleansing of the cystic cavity was performed through cholecystostomy formed during laparoscopic drainage of the gallbladder. In 39 cases the therapeutic process was completed by a sparing operation--sanative cholecystostomy which was carried out under local anesthesia. There were no fatal outcomes in these groups. Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy was conducted in 17 patients, with stones in the gallbladder and choledocholithiasis, after which the stones were removed. The performance of endoscopic and surgical interventions which cause minimal injury provides for adequate sanative treatment of the gallbladder in cases in which cholecystectomy is an extremely high risk.

Overall 240 patients with chemical burns of the esophagus were examined. Local endoscopic treatment with the aid of lasers was applied in 180 victims. The efficacy of different types of laser radiation was compared in terms of the times of the healing of the esophageal wall. It is concluded that further studies should be carried out in the given area.

Fifty patients with chemical burns of the esophagus were examined fibroesophagoscopically. All of them underwent local endoscopic irradiation by a copper vapour laser. Laser treatment promoted more rapid healing of the esophageal wall. No cicatrization-induced strictures were noted. Adjuvant local laser therapy is believed valid in management of esophageal chemical trauma.

The long-tube decompression was used for treatment of 54 selected patients with diagnosis of early postoperative intestinal obstruction. For this purpose a silicon double-lumen wire-guided tube has been endoscopically introduced into the proximal portion of the small intestine. In 40 cases continuous decompression of the small bowel brought about a successful resolution of intestinal obstruction by nonoperative therapy. Failure of the conservative treatment within the first 48 hours after intubation has led to operation in 14 cases. Six patients died in this series (4 patients died of multiple organ failure, 2--of thromboembolism). The study has shown that the method can be successfully used.

The authors provide the results of the treatment of patients with duodenal ulcers using common conservative therapy, local laser therapy and endoscopic denervation of the body of the stomach. Inclusion of endoscopic treatment methods into multimodality treatment brought about the enhancement of the treatment efficacy, more pronounced with endoscopic denervation.

The article analyses the use of endoscopic selective drug denervation of the stomach (ESDDS) in 58 patients with reflux esophagitis. Complex appraisal of the efficacy of the treatment showed the result to be good and satisfactory in one month in 96.4% of cases and 6 month after ESDDS in 89.1% of cases; the respective values in the same terms after nonoperative treatment were 66.7% and 54.5%. The pathogenetic substantiation of the use of ESDDS is the arrest of the flow of pathological vegetative impulses due to its action, which promotes restoration of regulation of the main functions of the gastroesophageal system which become almost natural, and normalizes processes of autocleansing of the esophagus. The method may be recommended for treating active manifestations of reflux esophagitis and preventing recurrences, including cases of its combination with duodenal ulcer.

The authors presented comparative assessment of local therapy of gastroduodenal ulcers using laser radiation, sprinkling with silver nitrate solutions and their combined use against a background of routine antiulcerative therapy. The sprinkling of ulcers with silver nitrate solutions resulted in a 10-fold decrease in the titer of microbial bodies and fungus colonies. The shortest periods of ulcer healing were noted in the combination of laser radiation with sprinkling with silver nitrate solutions. The authors found it appropriate to use for local therapy combinations of drugs of diverse pathogenetic effect.

In 90 patients with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, the times required for the healing of ulcerous defects were studied and compared after local irradiation with low-energy (infrared) laser and hyperbaric oxygenation. Analysis of the data obtained attests to the similar (in terms of the times of the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers) clinical efficacy of the methods under comparison. This makes it possible to regard hyperbaric oxygenation and the local use of infrared laser as the methods of choice (with regard to individual tolerance) for the treatment of peptic ulcer.

The authors discuss the results of endoscopic removal of concrements from the gallbladder of 18 patients with acute cholecystitis through a gallbladder fistula established by operation or after drainage with a wide catheter during laparoscopy. Endoscopic manipulators were used for removal of the concrements, small stones were removed by forced washing off, large concrements were crushed by means of the "Urat-I" device. The concrements were removed in all cases. Recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis were not registered for a period of one year. The method of fistulocholecystoscopy is described. Therapeutic fistulocholecystoscopy makes it possible to abandon the performance of the traditional operative interventions in patients suffering from severe concomitant diseases.