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Dynamics of morbidity and mortality from pancreatic cancer in the population of Novosibirsk according to the Population-based Cancer Registry and the Registry of total mortality for 25 years (1988-2012) were analyzed. The morbidity and mortality for the studied period decreased slightly. Incidence rates in middle-aged males are higher than in females but this difference is leveled after 75 years. Possible risk factors for pancreatic cancer as well as issues of screening and prevention are discussed.

Determining the level of blood pepsinogens has important clinical significance in the formation of risk groups for gastric cancer and erosive/ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa. A comparison of imported and domestic kits for testing the level of pepsinogens was performed. Russian diagnostic kits in comparison with foreign ones proved to show similar sensitivity and specificity.

The levels of spontaneous and mitogen-induced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were studied in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphocytic lymphomas, and multiple myeloma during the course of chemotherapy. Cytokine concentrations varied within a great range and did not conform to the normal distribution law. The levels of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage CSF were high during the debut, progress, and remission of the lymphoproliferative diseases. Imbalance of a wide spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed during the debut and progress of the lymphoproliferative diseases, more often in chronic lymphoid leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphocytic lymphomas than in multiple myeloma.

In a prospective study the risk of subsequent gastric cancer (GC) was assessed in persons aged 45-69 over 5 years after the initial testing with a set of serological tests (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, antibodies to Helicobacter pylori). The presence of gastric atrophy markers was a significant predictor of GC in the forthcoming years. Non-invasive techniques may be used in the formation of high-risk groups, followed by GC active surveillance.

The use of systemic enzyme therapy in combination with antibiotics in the treatment of urogenital chlamydia infection in patients of both sexes proved to improve the therapeutic efficacy and to reduce the risk of the side effects.

Seventy five patients with urogenital chlamydial and mycoplasmic infections were enrolled in the trial. In the etiotropic therapy azithromycin was used in the standard dosage (1.0-1.5 g) depending on the infection. The treatment with azithromycin, in addition to the high eradication rates, was also evident of its effect on the cytokine levels in the patients, that was characteristic of a significant increase of the IFN-gamma level and a decrease of the IL-1beta and IL-6 levels in the blood.

The aims of the study were to examine the prevalence of dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the unselected population and to assess the quality of life (QOL) in these syndromes and their combination. The study involved 1,040 people, representing a random sample of adults aged 45-70 years (492 men, 548 women). To identify gastrointestinal symptoms using validated questionnaire, dyspepsia and IBS were diagnosed by Rome I criteria. QOL was assessed using a questionnaire SF-36. Dyspepsia was reported by 37.5% (30.1% men and 44.2% women, p0.001). The prevalence of IBS was 18.8% (12.0% men and 25,0% in women, p0.001). The combination of dyspepsia and IBS was noted in 12.0% (6.5% in men and 17.0% in women). Both dyspepsia and IBS cause significant decrease in QOL on most scales of the questionnaire SF-36 compared with those without these disorders. Their combination reduced QOL even more in comparison with isolated dyspepsia or IBS. Finally, high prevalence of dyspepsia and IBS was stated among the population, both conditions more frequently observed in women. QOL is significantly reduced in subjects with dyspepsia and IBS, especially if these syndromes combine.

To study prevalence of dyspepsia symptoms, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and irritable bowel syndrome (ICS) in city population and to detect relevant risk factors.Gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated with a validated questionnaire Bowel Disease Questionnaire and dyspepsia, GER, ICS syndromes were identified in a representative sample of adult Novosibirsk population (1040 patients, 492 males and 548 females aged 45-69 years). Risk factors were studied by social-demographic and antropometric parameters, smoking, drinking and administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAD). Depression was assessed by CESD questionnaire. Helicobacter pylori infection and the level of pepsinogen I were studied with enzyme immunoassay Biohit GastroPanel (Biohit, Finland).Incidence of dyspepsia was 38%, GER--30%, ICS--19%. One of the illnesses was found in 56% cases, combination of the conditions--in 24%. Females had dyspepsia and ICS much more frequently. Social-demographic parameters (age, marital status, education, labor activity), alcohol consumption, intake of NSAD, Helicobacter pylori infection had no significant effect on the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms. GER occurred more frequently in smoking males. Overweight was characteristic both for GER males and females. Severe depression was associated with the risk of dyspepsia and ICS both in females and males. Hyperpepsinogenemia increased the rate of GER detection in males and dyspepsia in females.Dyspepsia, GER and ICS were seen in 50% adult population and often combine, but the risk factors differ. Some of the latter can be modified and prevented.

Prevalence of atrophic gastritis in various population of Siberia with serological tests was studied. Representative samples of Novosibirsk adult population and also urban and rural population of Yakutia were examined. 348 persons at the age more than 45 years (180 males and 168 females) were studied. Concentration of pepsinogen I, gastrin 17 and antibodies to Helicobacter pilori in blood serum was estimated with immune-enzyme analysis ("Biohit GastroPanel", "Biohit", Finland). In addition, domestic test-systems were used for detection cytotoxic (expressing CagA-protein) strains H. pylori. Level of markers (pepsinogen, gastrin, antibodies to Helicobacter pilori and antibodies to CagA H. pilori) in observing populations had no difference between males and females, and also did not depend on age. Occurrence of atrophy in body of stomach in Novosibirsk population, urban and rural population of Yakutia was 10.1, 16.7 and 25.6% respectively, and in antral part--10.7, 25.6 and 8.9% respectively. Total atrophy was registered in 1% in all groups. Helicobacter infection was detected in 78-88% of population. Domestic immune-enzyme test-systems were comparable with data of histological examination and demonstrated greater sensitivity at H. pylori detection vs. foreign. High prevalence of atrophic gastritis in various groups of Siberia population was noticed, which must be was bounded with great level of H. pylori infection in population.

To study prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in a free living population and to evaluate quality of life (QOL) in this disease.The gastroenterological symptoms and QOL were studied in a representative sample of adult population of 495 males and 548 females aged 45-70 years using a validated questionnaire, SF-36 questionnaire.GER symptoms were seen in 17.0% responders, with the same frequency in men and women, in responders of different age. QOL was worse in responders with GER by 2 scales of SF-36 questionnaire: in males--"general well-being" and "viability", in females--"general well-being" and "physical functioning". In persons who had visited a doctor QOL was lower by all 8 scales than in those who had GER symptoms but had not visited a doctor. GER prevalence in Russia is similar to that in the West Europe and USA. QOL in GER patients is not low but worse in those who seek medical advice.

The paper is dedicated to associations between infective agents and coronary artery disease (CAD). The study design included examination of a random sample of non-organized population (389 adults aged 25 to 64 years). Using immune-enzyme assay, IgM and IgG antibodies to seven infective and parasite agents (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Opisthorchis felineus, and Giardia lamblia), as well as the level of IgE were measured. In patients with CAD, IgE level was significantly higher vs. controls, but is was not connected with the infections under study except opisthorchosis invasion. The incidence of some pathogens was higher in CAD patients vs. controls. The total number of infections detected in an individual was associated with a higher frequency of CAD and some atherosclerotic risk factors.

The authors describe a current approach to the laboratory diagnosis of chronic gastritis, by using the plates of serological tests: pepsinogen I (PG-I), gastrin 17, and antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (HP). These tests and a questionnaire were used to examine 168 persons aged 45-70 years, who were a random population sample. Almost a fourth of the adult population was observed to have pronounced gastric mucosal atrophic changes, which might be associated with the high prevalence of HP infection. The concentration of PG-I is high in the persons infected with HP, its cytotoxic strains in particular, its elevated level servers as a valid marker of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux.

The study included 1562 adults who has been questioned about gastrointestinal symptoms and mode of dieting habits. Hasty meals, eating just before sleep, daytime snacks, long period between meals, irregular meals were associated with symptoms of dyspepsia. Differences in mode of dieting and its influence on gastrointestinal symptoms between males and females were found.

To study the prevalence of CagA-positive strains of Helicobacter pylori in Novosibirsk residents and to assess their relation to some clinical parameters.Random sample of the population (218 males and 220 females aged 25-64 years) was examined. Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori and CagA protein were tested in the sera using enzyme immunoassay. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated with questionnaire.The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 88%, among H. pylori-positive persons CagA-positivity was revealed in 58%. Presence of antibodies to CagA protein was associated with dyspepsia (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.5) and history of peptic ulcer (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.0-14.5). CagA-positive subjects more frequently reported bowel disturbances, diarrhea, in particular (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.4).The data showed similar distribution of H. pylori and CagA-positivity among adult population in Russia and Eastern European countries. CagA-positivity is associated with peptic ulcer and dyspepsia.

During prophylactic examination of blood sera taken from the members of 59 families by the enzyme immunoassay, antibodies to H. pylori and CagA protein were determined. As shown in this study, the children of non-infected mothers proved to be infected in 6.3% of cases and the children of infected mothers, in 72.1% of cases (p0.001). The children of non-infected fathers were H. pylori-positive in 71.4% and those of infected fathers, in 58.4% of cases. The CagA status was found to coincide in mothers and their children (p = 0.01), but not in fathers and their children. These data indicate that children acquire H. pylori infection from the members of their family, mainly from their mothers.

To evaluate the occurrence of cholelithiasis (CL) diagnosed by routine autopsy and to compare these data with the results of ultrasonographic examination of the general population.Autopsy protocols (n = 1124) from a large general hospital were analysed, and a representative sample of Novosibirsk population (1678 examinees aged 25-64 years) was examined by ultrasonography.Prevalence of CL increased with age and was five-fold higher in females than in males. Both methods showed good concordance. The age-adjusted CL prevalence rates in 25-64 year-old groups was 1.94% in males and 9.53% in females in autopsy series, and 2.16% and 11.16%, respectively, in ultrasonographic study.Routine autopsy may serve as a reliable tool in evaluating prevalence of CL among the population provided the values are gender- and age-standardized.

The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of diffuse liver lesions and associated factors in the general population of Novosibirsk, Western Siberia. A representative sample of 362 men and 870 women aged 25-64 years was investigated using ultrasound examination and blood tests for liver-derived enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT). Diffuse liver lesions (DLL) were detected in 42.8% of males and 18.7% of females. A significant association was found between DLL and elevated levels of liver enzymes. In conclusion, the prevalence of chronic liver disease is relatively frequent in the unselected urban population.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in various regions of Siberia and the Far East. A representative sample of adult Novosibirsk population participated in the study and four groups of native population of various regions of Siberia were examined, and patients' sera were tested using ELISA. H. pylori is widespread among Siberian populations with prevalence rates ranging between 71% and 92%. Almost maximum prevalence rates of H. pylori infection occurred by the age of 30 years, with only minor increase at older ages.

687 adults in 5 regions of Siberia and 79 children and young persons in Novosibirsk were examined. IgG antibodies to H. pylori in their blood sera were determined with the use the enzyme immunoassay. The detection rate of antibodies among the adult population varied within 70-87%, depending on the region, being somewhat lower among the population north of latitude 60 degrees (75%) in comparison with the population residing south of this latitude (86%, p0.001). In Novosibirsk the number of seropositive persons was found to be unrelated to sex, age and clinical manifestations of digestive tract diseases. A high detection rate of antibodies to H. pylori was registered in persons aged 25-34 years with a minor increase in older age groups. In children the detection rate increased with age: 29% in children of 5-10 years old and 56% in children 11-14 years old. By the age of 15 more than a half of the children had antibodies.

To investigate the prevalence of gallstones and associated factors in female population of Novosibirsk (Western Siberia).A representative sample of 870 women aged 25-64 years was drawn from general population according to WHO "MONICA" protocol. The subjects were screened for the presence of gallstones by gallbladder ultrasonography, completed a questionnaire relating to food and alcohol consumption, smoking, gastrointestinal symptoms and obstetric history. They also underwent physical examination and blood chemistry tests. Age-adjusted prevalence of cholelithiasis was 9.5%. Increasing age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, consumption of animal fat, pregnancies and opisthorchiasis positively correlated with gallstones in univariate analysis. Serum lipids, family history of gallstones, consumption of alcohol and tobacco were not predictors of gallstones. Only association with age and obesity was significant in multivariate analysis. Among subjects with cholelithiasis 52.1% were not aware of having gallstones. Subjects with gallstones more frequently suffered from biliary colics and non-specific dyspeptic symptoms. However, their predictive value was poor. Cholecystectomized patients revealed more often upper abdominal pain and dyspeptic symptoms.Prevalence and risk factors for gallstones in female population of Novosibirsk are similar to those reported in Western European countries. Cholecystectomy is not recommended in patients with symptomless disease.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a widespread human pathogen closely associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Thirty-four males from one of the settlements of coastal Chukotka (72% of total adult male population, mean age 31.6 years) underwent upper endoscopy, and HP was examined histologically in antral biopsies (Giemsa stain). Histology revealed normal mucosa in 16%, antral superficial gastritis in 29%, and atrophic gastritis in 55%. HP was found in 40% of histological specimens of normal mucosa, in 100% of superficial gastritis, and in 77% of atrophic gastritis. Correlation was found between the degree of bacterial contamination and both the activity of gastritis and grade of mononuclear infiltration. Data indicate a high prevalence of HP among Chukotka Natives (77%) which may partly explain the significant frequency of antral gastritis in this population.

The study of a complex of anamnestic, clinicoendoscopic and functional-morphological characteristics in type I and II (according to Johnson) gastric ulcer.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, gastric secretion tests, determination of blood group and Rh factor were performed in 91 patients (52 patients with ulcer type I and 39 with ulcer type II).Ulcers type I have arisen in the presence of long-term chronic gastritis. They were associated with marked changes in the mucosa of gastric body, its atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, persistent recurrences in the same gastric zone. Ulcers type II are characterized by hereditary loading, 0(I) blood group, combination with gastroduodenal erosions, season occurrence, trend to migration and recurrence in different gastric or duodenal zones, HCl hypersecretion, high occurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection.It is thought valid to include types of gastric ulcer in current classification of ulcer.

A significant correlation between a number of functional parameters of gastric secretion, incretion and histological changes of gastric mucosa was found in patients with chronic gastritis. Score assessment of morphological abnormalities of the gastric mucosa allows using not only simple statistical methods, but also complex mathematical models.

Patients with gastroduodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis (CG) and healthy controls (124, 57 and 24 subjects, respectively) were examined for intensity and duration of duodenogastric reflux (DGR). These indices were assessed by concentrations of gastric juice bilirubin. It is found that DGR occurred in 29% of the examinees free of gastroduodenal diseases, does not correlate with morphological CG-induced changes and Helicobacter pylori contamination degree. The reflux in CG seems to be secondary in pathogenesis of this disease. In patients with aggravated duodenal and gastric ulcer the reflux in the basal stage is 2-2.5 and 5-6 times higher than in the controls, respectively. DGR parameters correlated with the height of the ulcer defect. Retrograde entrance of the duodenal content into the stomach in duodenal ulcer enhances acid production in the stomach through gastrin mechanisms.

Corpus atrophic gastritis (CAG) maybe the outcome of Helicobocterpylori (U pylon) - infection or autoimmune damage of the parietal system, affecting the risk of gastric cancer and requiring different approaches in the treatment and observation.To study the prevalence and peculiarity of CAG in population with, high prevalence of H.pylori infection.Prevalence of CAG was studied in the representative group of Novosibirsk citizens (246 subjects aged 45-69,117 males and 129 females) using serology for noninvasive testing of gastritis phenotype Gastro-Panel. Pepsinogen I (Pgl) level30 pg/I and/or Pgl/Pgil ratio c 3.0 were interpreted as sever atrophy. In addition, a clinical group with serologically proven corpus atrophy was studied: 39 females and 8 males aged 38-79. Upper endoscopy and morpholojical examination was performed in 38 patients. As a pilot project, in 19 patients with suspicion on autoimmune gastritis (AIG) (low Pgl + high Gastrin-17) parietal cells antibodies (PCA) and vitamin B12 level were determined.In Novosibirsk population prevalence of both H.pylori infection and CAG (10.2%) is high. AIG is often associated with H.pylori infection (in 47.4% of cases); however, its role demands a further evaluation. Autoimmune phenotype of gastritis which was found using noninvasive diagnostic was confIrmed with the presence of PCA. In all cases ofAIG atrophy was confirmed morphologically with the presence of intestinal metaplasia in 52.6% and ~ysplasia in 10.5% of cases.