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Context Athletic trainers (ATs) commonly use psychological skills during sport rehabilitation. However, little is known about their ability to accurately implement these skills. Objective To assess ATs' skills in identifying psychological symptoms, selecting appropriate strategies, and making referral decisions for athletes experiencing various degrees of psychological distress. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Participants were recruited using the National Athletic Trainers' Association professional member database. Patients or Other Participants Of the 2998 ATs who were selected randomly, 494 (16.5%) partially completed the questionnaire and 326 (10.9%) completed the entire survey (mean age = 34.7 ± 10.8 years, mean years of experience = 11.3 ± 9.9). Main Outcome Measure(s) Using the Web-based questionnaire created for this study, we collected ATs' demographic information and assessed their perceptions about responsibilities as ATs, psychosocial competencies, training in sport psychology, and referral behaviors. Additionally, respondents were asked to identify symptoms, match psychological strategies (eg, goal setting, imagery, progressive muscle relaxation), and make referral decisions for athletes in 3 case vignettes. Results The ATs demonstrated high accuracy in identifying symptoms and making referral decisions but struggled in selecting appropriate psychosocial strategies for athletes. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that ATs who had had specific coursework in sport psychology were able to more accurately identify symptoms (t = 3.01, P < .01), and those ATs with more experience reported lower accuracy scores for their intended course of action (t = −2.25, P < .05). Conclusions Our analogue research design provided new insights into ATs' knowledge and use of sport psychology in practice. The results highlighted the importance of coursework focusing on applied areas of sport psychology in the training of ATs.

Objective To devise and validate a system to categorize GreenLight photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP) complications according to Clavien score (CS), to report complications of PVP using this categorization, and to determine risk factors. Materials and Methods A survey questionnaire was distributed to all participants of the second meeting of the Group of GreenLight Users. They were asked to grade PVP complications according to CS. We calculated the mode CS for each complication from the survey data to propose a categorization system for complications of PVP. Complications encountered in a large single-center cohort of 370 patients were reported according to this system. We assessed the reproducibility of CS by estimating inter-rater agreement by the Fleiss kappa. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to determine risk factors for complications. Results Of the 67 meeting participants, 42 (62.7%) completed the survey. Overall agreement between urologists was fair (Fleiss kappa = 0.356). Among the 370 patients, 21 (5.7%) had intraoperative complications, 147 (39.7%) had postoperative complications, and 70 (18.9%) had long-term complications. Among the postoperative complications, 125 patients (33.8%) were classified as Clavien grade I, 58 (15.7%) as Clavien grade II, 4 (1.1%) as Clavien grade IIIb, 5 (1.3%) as Clavien grade IVa, 1 (0.3%) as Clavien grade IVb, and 1 (0.3%) as Clavien grade V. In multivariate analysis, the only predictor of overall complications was a polymicrobial preoperative urine culture. Conclusion The grading of PVP complications by CS is fairly reproducible. We are the first to propose a system for the categorization of PVP complications. PVP complications are frequent but most often minor.

Currently, the French High Authority for Health does not recommend mass screening for prostate cancer (PCa), due to the risk of over-treatment, notably of low risk patients. Our study is intended to reflect the therapeutic attitudes for the management of patients classified as low risk of progression in French clinical centers.For all positive prostate biopsies performed during 2012 and 2013 in five French departments of urology, clinicopathological characteristics required to calculate the d'Amico risk group and the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score were filled. Information on the first treatment of "low risk" patients was collected.A total of 1035 patients were included, with a median age at diagnosis of 66 years old. According to d'Amico and CAPRA classifications, 30.4% and 35.0% of patients were at low, 34.5% and 33.2% at intermediate, 35.1% and 31.8% at high risk. The diagnosis severity increased with age (P0.0001). The main treatment for low risk patients was radical prostatectomy (41.6% and 42.0% for d'Amico and CAPRA, respectively), but active surveillance was the most frequent treatment if diagnosed after 75 years old. The management of low risk patients varied significantly between centers (P0.0001), according to the therapeutic platforms available within the hospital.In absence of strong progression predictor, the management of low risk PCa remains based on center habits and local therapeutic platforms. New predictive markers, such as multiparametric MRI or molecular tests, are needed to guide rational management of low risk PCa.4.

INTRODUCTION: Walking is a preferred and recommended physical activity for middle-aged and older adults, but many barriers exist, including concerns about safety (ie, personal security), falling, and inclement weather. Mall walking programs may overcome these barriers. The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence on the health-related value of mall walking and mall walking programs. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of the literature to determine the features, environments, and benefits of mall walking programs using the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance). The inclusion criteria were articles that involved adults aged 45 years or older who walked in indoor or outdoor shopping malls. Exclusion criteria were articles that used malls as laboratory settings or focused on the mechanics of walking. We included published research studies, dissertations, theses, conference abstracts, syntheses, nonresearch articles, theoretical papers, editorials, reports, policy briefs, standards and guidelines, and nonresearch conference abstracts and proposals. Websites and articles written in a language other than English were excluded. RESULTS: We located 254 articles on mall walking; 32 articles met our inclusion criteria. We found that malls provided safe, accessible, and affordable exercise environments for middle-aged and older adults. Programmatic features such as program leaders, blood pressure checks, and warm-up exercises facilitated participation. Individual benefits of mall walking programs included improvements in physical, social, and emotional well-being. Limited transportation to the mall was a barrier to participation. CONCLUSION: We found the potential for mall walking programs to be implemented in various communities as a health promotion measure. However, the research on mall walking programs is limited and has weak study designs. More rigorous research is needed to define best practices for mall walking programs' reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Language: en

Robotics and ambulatory are modern applications of surgery. This case study proves the feasibility of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy as an outpatient procedure.This report highlights the first, half-day, robotic prostatectomy performed on a 57-year-old man with localized prostate cancer. This operation was proposed to the subject because of his excellent physical condition and favorable environmental factors. He chose to undergo the surgery voluntarily. He underwent a nerve sparing radical prostatectomy. Target-controlled infusion propofol was used in perioperative sedation and analgesia. Postoperative evaluation criteria was made with the Visual Analog Scale of Pain Intensity (VASPI), Chung score and a patient satisfaction survey.No perioperative or postoperative complications were reported. Blood loss was low (75 mL). The patient stayed less than 12 hours in the ambulatory unit thanks to a rapid recovery. The patient returned home after reporting a Chung score of 10. No hospital readmission was necessary. Functional results were: a bowel movement on day 1, back to work on day 2, normal urinary continence on day 8, a correct erectile function on day 9. Oncological results revealed negative surgical margins for cancer and PSA postoperative0.03 ng/mL.Ambulatory robotic radical prostatectomies can be performed on voluntarily-selected patients without affecting the high quality of urological surgery outcomes.

Background: Sleep complaints are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Both MDD and antidepressant drugs characteristically alter objective sleep measures. This study compares the effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine on sleep continuity measures in DSM-IV MDD patients with insomnia. Method: Patients (N = 19) received initial baseline polysomnography evaluations over 2 consecutive nights. Subjects were randomly assigned to either fluoxetine (20-40 mg/day) or mirtazapine (15-45 mg/day) treatment for an 8-week, double-blind, double-dummy treatment trial. Single-night polysomnograms were conducted at weeks 1, 2, and 8, with depression ratings assessed at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Dunnet's post hoc analyses. Results: Patients receiving mirtazapine (N = 8) had significant improvement in objective sleep physiology measures at 8 weeks. Improvements in sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset were significant after only 2 weeks of mirtazapine treatment. No significant changes in sleep continuity measures were observed in the fluoxetine group (N = 11). Both groups improved clinically in mood and subjective sleep measures from baseline, with no differences between groups. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the differential effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine, with significant improvement in favor of mirtazapine, on objective sleep parameters in MDD patients with insomnia.

To evaluate the feasibility of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in high risk prostate cancer (HR). The rate of positive surgical margins (PSM) was compared between anticipated HR cancer according to D'Amico risk classification and discovered postoperative HR cancer.A retrospective study was conducted between 2006 and 2013 on patients who underwent RARP. Before surgery, patients were divided according to the D'Amico risk classification. After surgery, HR was defined as pT3a or pT3b, or Gleason score≥8 or positive lymph nodes. The rate of PSM was compared according to the D'Amico risk classification and postoperative HR.During the study, 485 patients were reviewed. Before surgery, 10 % of cancers were classified as D'Amico 3 (49/485). After surgery, 27.6 % (134/485) were classified as HR. There was a significant difference between the rate of PSM in HR/D'Amico 3 and HR/non D'Amico 3 cancer, respectively 22.9 % and 34.3 % (P0.001).The RARP is feasible in HR with an average of 30 % of PSM as in open surgery. However, the accurate assessment of preoperative HR will allow a more adapted dissection and a decrease of rate of PSM. So it is necessary to improve the detection of HR and so to select the most suitable cancer for surgery.Level 5.

The radical prostatectomy is the main treatment prostate cancer in young men. However in difficult cases, another therapeutic option is often suggested.Evaluation of the quality of the anastomosis in complex surgical cases by comparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) to robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RLRP).From March 2004 to August 2009, 397 patients underwent radical prostatectomy: 176 LRP and 221 RLRP consecutively by the same surgeon. Antecedents that might have complicated dissection were analyzed: prostatic volume over 80 cc, previous inguinal hernia repair with mesh, previous pelvic surgery, body mass index over 30 and previous trans-urethral resection of prostate.In a preoperative mode, there was no significant difference between the two groups. A multivariable analysis of the quality of the anastomosis turned to the advantage of the robot (OR=2.56 [95 %CI: 1.28-5.25]), specifically for difficult cases (Odd Ratio=7.736 [95 %CI: 2.689-22.254]).The use of the robot improved the quality of the anastomosis for patients that might have raised technical issues.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the preservation of sexual function in the long-term in patients treated with brachytherapy using a validated self-questionnaire and determine the role of different clinical and therapeutic parameters.From December 1999 to June 2002, 157 consecutive patients treated by prostate brachytherapy have been selected for the study. A questionnaire of the EORTC "QLQ C30" assorted with the module "PR25" has been submitted before treatment and in the second quarter 2007. Hundred and twenty-eight patients returned their questionnaires (81.5 %). Statistical analysis was made with 64 patients. The median follow-up was 6 years (+/-0.57 year). The settings can interfere with sexual function were assessed: age, prostate volume, co-morbidity, adjuvant hormonal therapy, D 90, V 150 and V 240. Statistical analysis was made by way univariate ANOVA procedure and mode Chi(2) and multivariate (logistic regression), the variable being studied "conservation of sexual activity YES/NO".The conservation rate of sexual function was 64 %. No variable can explain the loss of sexual function is reflected statistically significant (p0.05). The most informative variable in the statistical analysis was the D 90 but is not seen as likely by a significant lack of power (p=0.08 in univariate analysis and p=0.2 in multivariate analysis).Brachytherapy for prostate preserved sexual function in the long-term in 64 % of cases (64 patients) and is therefore an attractive alternative for patients wishing to preserve it.

The treatment of prostate cancer using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is considered to be mini-invasive and normally has a low rate of morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of patients treated with HIFU.Fifty consecutive patients whose first-line treatment was with HIFU for localized cancer of the prostate between 2003 and 2005 received the "UCLA/RAND PCI" quality of life questionnaire at preoperative stage and one year after treatment. The scores for postoperative quality of life were compared to preoperative scores and to a test population who did not have prostate cancer.Eighty percent of patients answered both questionnaires. 72.5% of the patients were "satisfied" or "very satisfied", 2.5% were "very dissatisfied" and 25% had no opinion. The general quality of life scores (SF-36) did not show any significant differences before and after treatment. Alterations and discomfort concerning sexual and urinary functions were statistically significant. For the digestive function, there was no difference before and after treatment; however, an increase in discomfort felt was statistically significant.The treatment of prostate cancer using HIFU is accepted well by the patient, quality of life is preserved one year later. There is significant degradation of the sexual function and more moderately of the urinary function.

The goal of this study was to report the early results of unilateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy using robotic Da Vinci system, and to compare them to the results of the laparoscopic standard adrenalectomy.Prospective study included all patients operated on for unilateral laparoscopic or robotic adrenalectomy from November 2000 to November 2002.Twenty-eight patients underwent unilateral adrenalectomy using either standard laparoscopy (14 patients) or robotic Da Vinci system (14 patients). Mean duration of robotic adrenalectomy seemed to be longer than standard laparoscopy (111 vs. 83 min; P = 0.057). This tendency decreased while surgeons' experience was increasing. Mean duration of operating room activity was similar for both types of surgery. Peroperative events without conversion, conversion rate (7%), drainage, morbidity (21%), duration of hospitalisation were similar for both types of surgery. Duration of standard laparoscopic adrenalectomy was positively correlated to patients body mass index. This correlation was absent in patients operated on by robotic Da Vinci system.This preliminary study found no objective data demonstrating that robotic Da Vinci system was superior to standard laparoscopic approach for unilateral adrenalectomy. However, we think that it is necessary to continue further evaluation of this system to demonstrate its possible superiority.

To assess urinary morbidity within the first 6 months after transperineal prostate brachytherapy (TPBT) with 125I for localized prostate adenocarcinoma.Between September 2000 and July 2001, 50 consecutive patients with favourable early-stage prostate cancer were treated with TPBT. Clinical and objective investigations, including uroflowmetry and postvoid residual urine measurements, were evaluated for short-term urinary morbidity; predictive factors were also sought.Thirty-eight (76%) patients developed urinary disorders, but severe urinary complications were exceptional. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) changed significantly during the first and third month after implantation and then improved during the sixth month. Concomitantly, the maximum and the average urinary flow rate deteriorated significantly. The variations in postvoid residual were less significant. An initial IPSS of8 and previous alpha-blocker treatment were identified as significant predictive factors of urinary morbidity, as were the TPBT dose received by 90% of the target volume and by 30% of the urethra, and the volume of prostate receiving 144 Gy.Urinary morbidity after TPBT is frequent but rarely exceptionally severe; patients must therefore be given full information. Patients with a higher initial IPSS or having had previous alpha-blocker treatment, with their associated dosimetric factors, are at greater risk of these urinary morbidity.

The tumor size is considered as a limitation for laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The aim of this study was to assess diagnostic characteristics, hemodynamic modifications, and outcome of intraperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy according to the size of pheochromocytoma.Retrospective study from January 1997 to December 2000. Results were evaluated according to the size of pathologic study (oror = 5 cm).Forty two patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy during this period. Among them, 11 (26%) were operated on for adrenal pheochromocytoma (6 patients5 cm and 5 patientsor = 5 cm). Preoperative systolic hypertension was 138 mmHg and 178 mmHg respectively (p = 0.01). Urinary metanephrine/normetanephrine rate was 1.259 and 0.268 respectively (p = 0.08). Capsular tumor effraction rate was 27%. Tumor size was 37% larger than that estimated by CT scan (24% versus 52%). Mean hospital stay was 10 days and 8 days respectively. Morbidity and mortality were 18% and 0%. All these criteria were not statistically significant among the two groups of patients.Pheochromocytoma sizeor = 5 cm do not modify outcome of patients but is responsible for preferential noradrenaline secretion and stronger hemodynamic modifications. Tumor fragmentation rate and CT scan size underestimation seem important in this group of patients. These characteristics have to be integrated to improve laparoscopic adrenalectomy outcome of patients with pheochromocytomaor = 5 cm.

Intraoperative MIBG radionuclear scanning has been used to improve pathological foci localization and surgical accuracy in patients with neural crest derived tumors. This intraoperative detection has been reported in less than 10 patients during reoperation for pheochromocytoma. We report a case of 123I-MIBG intraoperative detection allowing to improve surgical resection quality during reoperation for pheochromocytoma. The use of intraoperative MIBG radionuclear scanning is helpful when reoperation for pheochromocytoma is performed.

To describe kidney cooling during multi-organ harvesting (MOH) from brain-dead donors and to evaluate harvesting practices.The temperature of 12 kidneys (6 left and 6 right kidneys) was monitored continuously during MOH from brain-dead donors. After in situ cooling, the kidneys were separated on the table and washed for several minutes with UW preservation solution. The kidney temperature was studied as a function of the main phases of the operative procedure.The mean minimum kidney temperature of 10.8 degrees C (3.7 degrees C to 16.6 degrees C) was reached at the beginning of mobilization of the liver, i.e. an average of 20 minutes (13 to 37 min) after cannulation. The mean cooling rate was 1.37 degrees C/min (0.73 to 2.19 degrees C/min). The mean temperature of the UW cooling solution was 9.4 degrees C (3.8 degrees C to 14 degrees C). For hepatic followed by renal dissection, the kidneys slowly reheated at a mean rate of 0.20 degree C/min (0.12 to 0.37 degree C/min) to reach a mean temperature of 21 degrees C (13.5 degrees C to 26.3 degrees C) at the time of resection. The mean kidney temperature at the time of placement in the container was 17.5 degrees C (13.2 degrees C to 22 degrees C).The course of kidney temperature during MOH has not been previously described. This study, performed under usual harvesting conditions, demonstrated sometimes imperfect cooling that could be harmful to he kidneys, but which could be improved by simple measures: rapid dissection of the liver and kidneys and correct application of contact cooling.

The authors report four cases of patients presenting with hyperlactatemia following renal transplantation. The post-transplantation course of three patients who underwent renal transplantation was complicated by occult haemorrhage. Excessive blood loss was not evident, the patients were haemodynamically stable and their blood pressure, pulse rare and filling pressure (central venous pressure) were unremarkable. Late examinations revealed an early increase in arterial lactate concentrations a non-aniograp acidosis or lactic acidaemia occurred. Surgical decompression was carried on in all patients. An increase in the intraabdominal pressure might have caused renal impairment in the absence of haemodynamic disturbance, and retroperitoneal haematoma a change in the distribution of intrarenal blood flow. Another patient developed a partial renal venous thrombosis associated with hyperlactatemia. During this re-operation, a renal lactate production was measured. The renal cortex is a site of lactate clearance. Impaired renal perfusion should result in decreased lactate clearance and when the kidney is hypoperfused a lactate production was occur. In the absence of any signs of clinical shock, patient at risk of retroperitoneal haematoma or presenting with oliguria should benefit from lactate measurements, which could help diagnosing severe hypoperfusion of the graft.

Chronic alcoholism and malnutrition are uncommon causes of complicated acute pyelonephritis (APN).Since 1997, we have seen 5 patients with chronic alcoholism (3 women and 2 men, mean age 53.4 +/- 13 years) without cirrhosis, diabetes or renal failure who developed severe APN in a state of malnutrition (albumin 22 +/- 3 g/l, total cholesterol 0.86 +/- 0.2 g/l). Diagnosis was made 14.6 +/- 9 days after onset of atypical symptoms which the patients neglected. There was a major bacterial inoculum: Escherichia coli 10(6.2 +/- 2) (3 multisusceptible and 2 amoxicillin-resistant strains); positive blood cultures in 3 cases. The imaging study showed bilateral diffuse lesions with focal swelling and kidney enlargement, without obstacle, abscess, or papillary necrosis. All patients had severe acute renal failure (maximum serum creatinine: 582 +/- 210 mumol/l; 3 patients underwent dialysis). Mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 40 +/- 7 days (i.v.: 22 +/- 3 d). Renal scarring occurred since creatinine clearance was 33 +/- 22 ml/min 2 months after the initial episode. One patient progressed to end-stage renal failure.In malnourished alcoholic patients, APN may be unusually severe due to late diagnosis leading to the risk of irreversible renal damage and severe chronic renal failure.

This study was a double blind comparison of three types of hearing aid circuits: Class A linear peak clipping, Class D compression limiting and K-Amp TM wide dynamic range compression. Subjective ratings, speech perception tests, real ear measurements and questionnaire data were obtained from a group of 17 new hearing aid users with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The results indicate a similar performance for all three circuits. We saw no evidence of performance degradation due to saturation distortion, even in the presence of high levels of speech and noise. Our primary conclusions include recommending K-Amps TM to new hearing aid users with mild to moderate hearing loss, mostly on the basis of battery life, while cautioning about the use of compression knee-point controls and recognizing that Class A and Class D amplifiers are virtually equivalent in every performance measurement.

To compare the results of plain abdominal films, tomography, ultrasonography and spiral computed tomography in the detection of residual stone fragments after extracorporeal lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Prospective study on 31 patients and 40 renal units comparing the results obtained by plain abdominal films, tomography, ultrasonography and spiral CT.This study demonstrates the superiority of spiral CT over the other examinations for detection of renal stones (sensitivity of 100% for spiral CT, 89.2% for tomography, 82.1% for plain abdominal films and 67.8% for ultrasonography), determination of their number (n = 68, 58, 60 and 27, respectively) and demonstration of millimetric stones (100%, 69.4%, 67.8% and 2.7%, respectively).Spiral CT is the method of renal stone imaging which provides the most reliable diagnosis of radiopaque, non radiopaque, millimetric or centimetric stones, regardless of local anatomical conditions.

The controversy concerning the justification for prostatic cancer screening is now about ten years old. It is the consequence of several convergent phenomena: the routine use of new diagnostic tools such as prostate specific antigen, ageing of Western populations, increased life expectancy and finally public health economic aspects. Is screening justified before the age of 50 years? The answer is no, except in high-risk families with several cases of prostatic cancer, in which screening should be started at the age of 40 years. Is screening justified after the age of 70 years? The answer is no, except in men between 70 and 75 years whose general state and physiological age suggest that they have a life expectancy exceeding ten years. Is screening justified between 50 and 70 years? There is no global "medico-economic" answer to this question, as medical truth, i.e. the individual's interests, appears to be diametrically opposed to economic truth, i.e. the community's interests, due to the high cost of screening. How can screening be envisaged for the future? In families with no particular risk, screening should be clinical, but will probably start earlier and will continue later, because of the improvement of diagnostic tools and prolongation of life expectancy. In high-risk families, the development of genetic tests will be able to determine whether or not a man has inherited predisposition genes. If he has inherited these genes, he will then be submitted to particularly early, meticulous and repeated screening.

One hundred ninety-five patients in a primary care practice were screened with the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, a structured psychiatric interview, so that the epidemiology of panic disorder could be studied. Thirteen percent of the patients met criteria described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 3 (DSM-III) for panic disorder (6.7 percent if the DSM-III exclusionary criteria are used). An additional 8.7 percent of patients, labeled in the study as having simple panic, had four or more autonomic symptoms of panic disorder but did not meet DSM-III criteria (three panic attacks in a three-week period). Compared with controls, patients with panic disorder or simple panic had a significantly higher lifetime risk of major depression, multiple phobias, and avoidance behavior and higher scores on their psychological distress scales. Patients with panic disorder and simple panic often misinterpreted their symptoms as being due to a physical illness and had significantly higher scores on the somatization scale of the SCL-90 and on a medical review of symptoms than did the controls with no panic disorder. It is important to diagnose panic disorder accurately because double-blind placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy of psychopharmacologic treatments, including tricyclic antidepressants (notably imipramine and desipramine), the high-potency benzodiazepine (alprazolam) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine). Primary care physicians, by screening patients with complaints of tension and anxiety, as well as multiple unexplained somatic complaints for panic disorder, may be able to reduce somatic preoccupation and disease phobia by instituting effective therapy.

A group of 206 subjects (30-55 years) were studied with the objective of quantifying the relationships between fitness indicators (relative body weight (BMI), aerobic power, muscular endurance), health indicators and risk factors, (appraised age, cost of health services consumed, blood pressure (SBP and DBP), blood lipids (CHO and HDL), cigarette smoking). BMI was significantly correlated with the risk indicators in the male sample (.302 less than or equal to r less than or equal to .364) and in the female sample (.217 less than or equal to r less than or equal to .521). All coefficients were in the direction of the established biological assumption as concerns hazards to health. The discriminant analysis revealed that in the total group of men, 77% (p less than or equal to .001) of the subjects could be classified either in high or low BMI (greater than Q75 or less than or equal to Q25) on the basis of the scores in SBP, HDL, HDL/CHO. In the subgroup of women greater than or equal to 40 years, statistically significant classification occurred in 100% of the cases (p less than or equal to .001) on the basis of DBP, CHO, HDL/CHO, NCIG. The results indicate that BMI is a fitness determinant which is valid, convenient and easy to use in the detection of unfavorable health indices and when clinical intervention is justified.