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The Stafne defect is a benign, asymptomatic, non-progressive and rare bone depression, mainly discovered by chance in the posterior mandibular region. It is described radiographically as an oval radiolucency located below the mandibular canal, in the molar region, close to the submandibular gland. Sialography is a traditional technique in the radiographic examination of salivary glands that involves the injection of an iodine-based contrast medium into the main salivary duct. The Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a 3D imaging technique that has modernized the dental and maxillofacial practice with its advantages such as high speed, good spatial resolution and low radiation exposure. The CBCT Sialography that consists in a 3D Sialography with cone beam offers the same benefits as traditional sialography and allows three-dimensional viewing. It is a new imaging test for an accurate anatomical study of the major salivary glands and their relationships with their environments. The aim of this report is to present a case of Stafne bone cavity containing right submandibular gland tissue, occurring in a 58-year-old man and diagnosed by using CBCT sialography.

Background: We sought to document the association of Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and immunodeficiency with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with no cervical neoplastic lesions identified through a cervical cancer screening programme in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: A consecutive sample of women stratified on their HIV status and attending the national blood donor clinic or the closest HIV clinic was recruited during a cervical cancer screening programme based on the visual inspection. Diagnosis of HPV infection and genotype identification were based on the Linear Array; HPV test. Results: A total of 445 (254 HIV-positive and 191 HIV-negative) women were included. The prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection was 53.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 47.9–59.9) in HIV-positive women and 33.7% (95% CI 27.1–40.3) in HIV-negative women (odds ratio (OR)=2.3 (95% CI 1.5–3.3)). In multivariate analysis, HIV-positive women with a CD4 count

Background The safety and immunogenicity of PfAMA1, adjuvanted with Alhydrogel® was assessed in malaria–experienced Malian adults. The malaria vaccine, PfAMA1-FVO [25-545] is a recombinant protein Pichia pastoris-expressed AMA-1 from Plasmodium falciparum FVO clone adsorbed to Alhydrogel®, the control vaccine was tetanus toxoid produced from formaldehyde detoxified and purified tetanus toxin. Methods A double blind randomized controlled phase 1 study enrolled and followed 40 healthy adults aged 18–55 years in Bandiagara, Mali, West Africa, a rural setting with intense seasonal transmission of P. falciparum malaria. Volunteers were randomized to receive either 50 µg of malaria vaccine or the control vaccine. Three doses of vaccine were given on Days 0, 28 and 56, and participants were followed for 1 year. Solicited symptoms were assessed for seven days and unsolicited symptoms for 28 days after each vaccination. Serious adverse events were assessed throughout the study. The titres of anti-AMA-1 antibodies were measured by ELISA and P. falciparum growth inhibition assays were performed. Results Commonest local solicited adverse events were the injection site pain and swelling more frequent in the PfAMA1 group. No vaccine related serious adverse events were reported. A significant 3.5-fold increase of anti-AMA-1 IgG antibodies was observed in malaria vaccine recipients four weeks after the third immunization compared to the control group. Conclusion The PfAMA1 showed a good safety profile. Most adverse events reported were of mild to moderate intensity. In addition, the vaccine induced a significant though short-lived increase in the anti-AMA1 IgG titres. Registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov with the number NCT00431808 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1466-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Authors bring back their experience in surgery thyroïdienne patient sur192s admitted and operated in five years in tea service of General Surgery of him FALLEN Ignace Deen Conakry of. Thesis patients represented 3.13% of tea 6139 surgical interventions exercised during tea period of survey. It was about has retrospective survey of descriptive type going from January 1st, 1997 at 31 December 2001, structural one aspects epidemiological, clinic, therapeutic and histologique. Tea done operative gesture was 86 lefts loboisthmectomieseses (44.17%), 41 rights loboisthmectomieseses (21.35%), 58 thyroidectomies subtotales (30.21%), 7 thyroidectomieses total (3.65%). Tea gotten results were good in 99.48%. To slot of death has been recorded, representing 0.52%. Tea goalkeeper of tea survey was to appreciate results of surgery thyroidienne and to take out again elements of bad prognostication of this surgery in their service.

The non carious cervical lesion (NCCL) is a loss of tooth tissue at the neck of affected teeth that is unrelated to tooth decay. They are commonly encountered in clinical practice and present in a variety of forms. The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of the NCCL in a Senegalese population. From 655 patients, 112 with cervical lesions were identified i.e. a global prevalence of 17.10%. The prevalence rate for abrasion was reported to be 77.70%, 12.50% for abfraction and 9.80% for erosion. Etiological factors were studied for abrasion and erosion. 54% of the patients with abrasion used their toothbrush horizontally. For erosion, only external factors were identified: consumption of acidic drinks (9 patients) or alcohol (1 patient) and professional environment (1 patient). Dentists should consider these lesions in their daily practice.

The maxillary first molar is submitted to frequent endodontic treatment and more over, it presents the highest failure rates, often in relation with his mesio-buccal root. Several studies about failures factors showed implication of root canal anatomy often in relation with the frequency of second canal. However, other failures factors, as the foramen situation, which is very important in endodontic practice, could increase the failure rate. The aim of this study was to determine the foramen situation in Senegalese people. The results showed 63.85% of excentric foramina (83 out of 130). 86% of excentric foramina were located at 1.5mm radiology apex.

This retrospective study of 118 teeth receiving root canal treatment was conducted to determine the frequence and complications of delayed root canal treatment. Teeth were categorised into prompt treatment group and delayed treatment group according to the length time of treatment; prompt treatment group was defined as a group where root canal treatment was achieved within a period of 4 months or less, and delayed treatments group, a group where period of treatment was greater than 4 months or where canals were never obturated. Two types of complications were studied: postobturation pain and fracture involving tooth extration. The results of this study have shown that 34.5% of treatments were delayed. In this group we found also a higher rate of fractures involving tooth extraction, but the difference was not significant. The results have also shown that disappearance of pain was the essential factors in the frequence of delayed treatment, but the dental chair breakdown had some responsability. As well as in the two groups, the first reason of extractions was fracture and not pain. These results emphasize the necessity of focusing the patient's motivation on the risk of losing the tooth.

This study shows and evaluates the quality of the new root canal filling and periapical healing about 24 cases of endodontic retreatment, equivalent of 7.76% of endodontic treatments done at the clinic. The main consultation purposes were pain (54.17%) and pre-prosthetic control (40.90%) on these patients. 75% of teeth were treated in a single session attempt to 45 minutes. The root canal filling is performed in 91.65% of cases, with the safe apical limit reached in 88.13% and 94.11% per apical healing toward a short term results.

Coming to consult a dentist implies a toothache. Bucco-dental diseases have an insidious evolution, starting from low sound that rapidly leads to complications that are primarily manifested as pain and gingivorhage in patients. Yet there are ways of detecting these in the early stages before the stage of pain. Treating enamel decay can also be considered late if we cannot pay the price. But leaving the teeth of children decay can affect their general health throughout life. What keeps patients far from bucco-dental consultation services? Among the raisons given by 14 patients chosen at random in the Stomatology unit at CHU-Yaounde, only poverty and lack of information have drawn our attention. And to conquer this education to prevention is the solution indicated.

In this two years retrospective study the authors determined the rate of survival composite restorations and evaluated clinically the remaining restorations by the Public Health Service (P.H.S.) criteria of Ryge. These restorations were performed by students using Heliomolar composite with scotchbond 2 adhesive dentin system. Results have shown that after two years, 98 (81.67%) out of 120 restorations were present and 51.2% were still working. Clinical evaluation of the remaining restorations needed replacement mainly because of severe color mismatch. Anatomic form and marginal adaptation were well scored after two years (score Alpha or Bravo). This study has shown that composite material is a valuable and effective technology for conservative treatment of anterior teeth in Senegal to avoid tooth extractions and prosthetic. However the knowledge about the type of composite material used must be improved and the operative procedures should be more controlled.

The long-term of endodontic treatment performed by under graduated students in Dakar were assessed. The overall success rate was 83.84% Vital teeth showed better results than the non vital teeth (necrosis).

We conducted a retrospective study of all hysterectomies performed in our setting over a two year period (1995-1996). The objective was double: define the indications and precise the outcome. A total of 141 cases were recorded. The main characteristics of the patients were the following: a mean age of 38 years, mean gravidity and parity of 5 and an average number of living children of 3. Hysterectomy was performed by the abdominal route in 86.52% of the cases. The main indications were: uterine rupture (39.71%), uterine myoma (25.53%), genital prolapse (19.89%) and cervix cancer (7.09%). Adnexectomy was associated in 51 cases and it was bilateral in 22 cases. The following complications occurred: 5 deaths, 8 wound abcess, 2 bladder injury, 1 ureter injury and 1 case of post-operative hemorragea.

On 12,175 childbirth registered in 4 years, 200 cases of delivery haemorrhage have been observed giving a rate of 1.6% of these accumulated childbirth. 60 patients (30.5%) have been evacuated from region of the country. The main etiology were: placental retention (54.5%), uterine inertia (24.5%) and coagulation disorders (21%). Blood was not available for emergency transfusion of 72 patients (54.1%) 26 deplorable cases of death raised the rate of lethality by 13%. Instant research of risk factors on all parturients, recycling of all personal on elementary first aid and life saving, also an improvement of sanitary references will enable to lower incidences related to haemorrhage by delivery.

In recent years maternal mortality in developing countries has become a public health priority for international organizations. However, measuring the true magnitude of this problem is the subject of much methodological debate. In less than a century, the rate of maternal mortality in most industrialized countries has decreased one hundred-fold. In contrast, the rate remains very high in most developing countries, particularly in Africa. In this article based on the studies conducted in Guinea we review various operational proposals which may contribute to improving maternal health and reducing maternal morbidity and mortality, with particular reference to the work of the French speaking organization "Santé Maternelle Internationale".