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Uniform carbon spheres with hollow core and porous shell structures were controllably fabricated through carbonizing fine core/shell particles of polystyrene/cross-linked poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol), obtained by a simple template approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titania nanocrystals were prepared by a particular way: first, supercritical CO2(SC CO2) carried precursor tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) into the confined space of polystyrene (PS) microspheres; second, hydrolysis of TBT was controlled by the confined space of PS microspheres, which had a restraining effect on the hydrolysis rate of TBT; finally, TiO2nanocrystals were obtained by calcining PS@TiO2composite microspheres. The products obtained after hydrolysis and calcination, that is, PS@TiO2composite microspheres and the finally obtained TiO2nanocrystals, were characterized by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Further high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the obtained TiO2nanocrystals had fine crystalline structure. Additionally, the XRD pattern verified the presence of anatase and rutile in TiO2. The nucleation mechanism of TiO2nanocrystals in the confined space of PS microspheres was also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The various morphologies and microstructures of PANI/CNF hybrid films were prepared via using different doped acids. [•] The various morphologies of PANI played an important role in the electrochemical properties. [•] This work is a proof of concept that micro-structure and morphology can determine the macro-properties of materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Uniform CuS nanotubes (NTs) with a diameter of 220nm were synthesized without template by gamma irradiating CuCl2 solution containing Na2S2O3. The length of the CuS NTs are from hundreds nanometers up to ∼2μm. The external diameter and wall thickness are respectively ∼220nm and ∼40nm. The morphology of CuS NTs is dependent on the molar ratio of Na2S2O3 to CuCl2. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared CuS NTs was investigated for the decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) in the aqueous solution. The synthesized CuS NTs exhibit photocatalytic activity under visible illumination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]