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Summary: A novel antenna system that utilizes multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) technology to suit the requirements of 5G applications is proposed in this article. The antenna has a wide operating bandwidth and high isolation in n257/n258/n261 5G bands. The suggested arc‐shaped MIMO antenna is composed of four similar patch units with modified ground planes arranged in a four‐port configuration and is made on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate, which measures 31.891 × 37.5885 × 0.508 mm3. The prototype of the suggested MIMO antenna is realized to confirm the obtained simulated results and validate the proposed design. The four‐port MIMO antenna features a broad frequency range of 7.3 GHz from 21.8 to 29.1 GHz, a peak gain of 5.76 dBi at 29 GHz, and a good isolation less than −18 dB. The proposed antenna's MIMO performance is evaluated by analyzing several diversity parameters. The findings of the evaluation demonstrate an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value of less than 0.001, a diversity gain (DG) value exceeding 9.995 dB, and an average mean effective gain (MEG) of −3 dB within the operational frequency band. The suggested MIMO antenna's compact size and impressive performance make it a suitable choice for intended n257/n258/n261 5G NR networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a compact, edge-fed modified rectangular patch size, monopole, and ultra-wideband antenna has been presented for their good suitability to millimeter (mm) wave and upper sub-6 GHz frequency range (FR2) for next-generation (5G and beyond) communications. The patch size enhancement approach has been utilized without affecting the original size of the substrate and rectangular patch. The technique provides better impedance matching at the designed frequency of 32.5 GHz. The minimum acceptable gain for an antenna to work well is 5 dBi. The proposed design achieves peak gain of 5.43 dBi and 10.86 dBi at two resonance frequencies of 32.5 GHz and 48.12 GHz within the specified ultra-wideband (UWB). The antenna has low loss as it is fabricated on a compact Rogers RT Duroid 5880 of thickness 1.6 mm. The measured reflection coefficients are found in good agreement with the simulated one. The resultant performance parameters like radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, peak gain, and − 10 dB bandwidth reveal that the antenna performs excellently within 26 to 40 GHz with excellent impedance matching at the resonance frequency. At higher frequencies, the time domain response of the proposed design is also presented. The RLC electrical equivalent circuit of the proposed design is presented at the end and validated using ADS software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a parasitic wide band compact planar antenna for 5 G mm-wave applications. Besides having high bandwidth (5.22 GHz), the prospective antenna provides an enhanced gain of 5.23dBi which is achieved due to the reflector elements used in the design. The radiating element has a small planar rectangular geometry, with optimised dimensions of 0.342 λ0 × 0.199 λ0 × 0.005 λ0 at 28 GHz frequency of interest and has been designed and fabricated on a substrate of Rogers-RT/Duroid 5800 having a thickness of 0.147λ0 with loss-tangent of 9 × 10−4 and permittivity of 2.2. The proposed antenna operates in the frequency range of 24.71 to 29.93 GHz which falls under the n257 and n258 NR operating band of the FR2 band as defined by ITU for the millimetre wave 5 G spectrum. It is also affirmed in the study that the impedance bandwidth can be tuned by controlling the coupling gap between the radiating and parasitic patches. The measured results of the fabricated prototype of the patch are compared with the simulated results and the two results are in good agreement with each other. The pursuance of the proposed design in terms of gain, efficiency, radiation pattern, and wide bandwidth, qualifies the prototype as a viable option for mm-wave communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array antenna system with a large bandwidth and high gain has been simulated, analyzed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed antenna is structured in 2 × 4 patch configuration along with a cross shaped ground plane loaded with four square and one circular shaped defect. The projected antenna occupies a total size of 4 3. 6 1 1 × 4 3. 6 1 1 × 0. 4 2 mm 3 . Several slots in an elliptic form have been added to the patches to achieve the required results in terms of wide bandwidth and high gain. The MIMO antenna array is fabricated and experimentally tested to confirm the simulation results. The suggested MIMO array antenna offers an impedance bandwidth of 22 GHz covering 22–44 GHz wide range of frequencies with a high peak gain of 17 dBi at 38 GHz. The designed MIMO antenna offers superior diversity performance and it supports several 5G NR bands n257/n258/n259/n260/n261 in the mm-wave spectrum. The suggested MIMO antenna supports 5G application bands that are deployed in UK, USA, China, Europe, Canada, India, and Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a new compact parasitic patch-loaded transparent patch antenna with a copper ground plane for wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) and 5th generation (5G) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. The proposed antenna uses two rectangular parasitic patches with a rectangular main radiation patch. The L-shaped strips are also added to the main radiation patch and one of the rectangular parasitic patches to cover both the sub-6 GHz and beyond 6 GHz mm-wave 5G frequency spectrums. The same transparent patch antenna with a solar ground plane is built, and its effect is parametrically studied alongside the integration of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell. The proposed antennas with a dimension of 42×30×2 mm3 are fabricated and experimentally validated for impedance and radiation characteristics. In terms of impedance bandwidth, the proposed copper ground plane antenna offers 36.89% (5.04-7.32 GHz), 5.15% (14.35-15.11 GHz), 6.23% (27.08-28.79 GHz), and 21.34% (31.64-39.81 GHz). The solar cell serves as both a photovoltaic generator and the ground plane of the transparent antenna. The same radiating patch with a solar ground plane offers impedance bandwidth of 36.03% (4.47-6.56 GHz), 14.4% (9.6-11.12 GHz), 2.55% (22.14-22.71 GHz), and 27.9% (28.79-39.05 GHz) for 5G applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, mm–wave low cost single and multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) planar microstrip antenna suitable for futuristic K–(18–26.5GHz), K a –band (26.5–40GHz) and local multipoint distribution systems (LMDS) applications is presented. The proposed structure achieves impedance bandwidth of 22.77 GHz (17.23–40GHz) with a peak gain of 13.69 dBi that notably covers the LMDS modern wireless communication application requirement. This achieves 5 dBi gain-bandwidth of 9.07 GHz (26.77–35.85GHz) and 17 GHz (19–36GHz) for single element and MIMO antenna with four elements in cascaded form respectively. The improvement in gain and impedance bandwidth is augmented after exciting multiple resonances of antenna by etching of two 3-armed H-shaped slots (3-AHSS) and inverted T-shaped slots (ITSS) symmetrically in the patch. With these etchings the copper losses and vertical components of current are controlled. The fabricated prototype of size 37 × 15 m m 2 is connected through a mm–wave supporting frequency connector of 2.92 mm and 50 Ω coaxial type to Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Bench of modal number Rohde and Schwarz (ZNB–40) for measurement of performance parameters and it is found to be in good promise with simulated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a low-profile, compact, high-gain antenna solution for four-port mm-wave broadband MIMO communication in a 5G environment is presented. The proposed antenna design consists of two rectangular patches connected through a corporate feed network and two quarter-wavelength square-shaped CSRRs on the ground plane. The overall size of the proposed four-port orthogonal MIMO configuration is 28.3 mm × 28.3 mm × 0.508 mm. The antenna operates on the 5G frequency bands of n257, n258, and n261 with an effective bandwidth of 3.9 GHz covering the range of 26.5 GHz to 30.4 GHz. The suggested MIMO antenna attained a peak gain of 11 dBi and radiation efficiency of 96% at 28 GHz resonating frequency. The MIMO configuration utilized DGS to minimize near-field coupling current at the ground plane, resulting in high port-to-port isolation of > 40 dB, and co-pol to X-pol isolation improvements of > 9 dB and > 19 dB in the boresight direction of E-plane and H-plane at 28 GHz resonating frequency. The antenna's superior diversity performance is supported by several performance metrics, including ECC(< 0.0001), DG(> 9.999 dB), CCL(< 0.12 bits/s/Hz), MEG (< −3 dB), and TARC. Moreover, the linear transmission property of the proposed MIMO antenna is also validated through the variation of group delay (< 0.6 ns) over operating frequency bands in the far-field region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High‐performance, wideband three‐stage power splitters based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are presented. Broadband‐tapered microstrip transitions are used for feeding the SIW structures, which provide 7.5 GHz bandwidth from 21.5 to 29 GHz with return loss below −20 dB. In addition, various T junctions are tuned, not only to provide broadband performance up to mm‐wave frequencies but also offer low‐phase and amplitude imbalance when cascaded in multistage 1 × 8 splitters. 1 × 4 and 1 × 2‐T junctions are adjusted through parametric analysis to provide wide bandwidth of 3.5 GHz at 24.5 GHz and −15 dB reflection coefficient. The optimal microstrip transitions and T junctions are used to design a broadband, eight‐way power splitter with 15 dB return loss from 23.0 to 26.4 GHz and phase and amplitude imbalance of ±2.5° and ±0.8° dB, respectively. Furthermore, optimum positions of all inductive posts in terms of guided wavelength are also provided for assisting the direct design of mm‐wave, high‐performance power splitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A U-shaped antenna is printed on polytetrafluoroethylene film, deposited on a copper base having air cavity inside, using thin film micro-strip technology. This antenna is as compact as the rectangular patch and covers the 51.5-62 GHz band. Unlike the silicon substrate, its metallic support yields better radiation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first wirelessly synchronized multichip array (WSMA) in 65-nm CMOS. The proposed architecture makes use of a central wireless signal to synchronize an mm-wave array, eliminating the need for connecting wires between the array elements. Wireless injection locking of a single chip is successfully demonstrated, and a 3-dB linewidth of 400 Hz at a carrier frequency of 50 GHz is achieved (stability ratio of 8 ppb). In addition, a two-element WSMA with an array aperture greater than 20 wavelengths is demonstrated using the proposed transceiver architecture. The reported transceiver includes a receiving on-chip antenna, a low-noise amplifier, an injection-locked voltage-controlled oscillator, a buffer amplifier, an in-phase/quadrature generator, a phase shifter, a power amplifier, and a transmitting on-chip antenna. The chip is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 1.7 mm $\times 3.8$ mm. This paper sets the foundation for increasing the array aperture through wireless injection locking, extending traditional array systems into the high-resolution, narrow-beamwidth regime. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]