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This paper presents a better understanding of the use of finite integration techniques (FIT) and finite element method (FEM) in different types of microstrip antennas in order to determine which numerical method gives relatively more accurate results. Although the theoretical formulation based on Maxwell's equations of both FEM and FIT are approached from different aspects in the literature, there is still a lack of comparison of the same antenna type using different numerical methods employing FEM and FIT. Therefore, in this study, FEM and FIT were applied to two different types of microstrip antennas, and their simulation and experimental results was compared. For the first antenna demonstration, a multilayer structure was chosen to achieve one of the significant parameters. Then, a microstrip antenna with a compact structure was used in the second demonstration. Using these two antennas, the accuracy of FEM and FIT in different structures were compared and all simulated return loss and gain results were verified by the measured results. The experimental demonstrations show that FEM performs better for both types of microstrip antennas while FIT provides an adequate result for two‐layer microstrip antennas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes an artificial neural network (ANN) model to accurately estimate the lower and upper operating frequencies of a shorting pin-loaded dual-band equilateral triangular microstrip antenna. A multilayer feed forward network is used for training in this ANN-based model. The results obtained from this study are compared with other theoretical and measured results from the available literature. The average percentage error for both upper and lower frequencies is 1%, which corresponds to a considerable improvement achieved over the recent study, having the most accurate results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:660-663, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a sub-GHz ISM band microstrip patch antenna based on the use of multilayer compact structure, which overcomes the shortcomings of typical microstrip antennas such as low gain and high resonant frequency. The antenna was simulated using an electromagnetic simulator, ANSYS HFSS, and fabricated on two different substrates: RT Duroid 5880 and FR4 epoxy with a compact size of 100 x 100 x 8 mm³ (0.29λ × 0.29λ × 0.02λ). The simulated results of the antenna were then compared with the measured ones, and the two were observed to have a reasonable agreement. The proposed antenna operates in the sub-GHz license-free ISM band (862-875 MHz), with a gain value of 2.92 dB. Two prototypes of the proposed antenna were fabricated and used in a Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSNs) monitoring system. Results show that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for those types of LWSNs systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]