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The global population of Dicotyles tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cetartiodactyla: Tayassuidae), commonly known as the collared peccary and distributed in the Neotropics, is currently in decline due to anthropogenic pressures. In this study, five microsatellite loci were used to genetically characterize a group of 20 captive‐born collared peccaries intended for reintroduction. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and relatedness of captive individuals using microsatellite markers. The genetic data generated were used to evaluate the viability of the reintroduction and to propose measures for the management and conservation of this species. In this study, we found relatively high genetic diversity indices, indicating that the group was genetically diverse. Inbreeding coefficients with negative values were observed, indicating an excess of alleles in heterozygosis and an absence of inbreeding. One locus showed deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, which may have been caused by the mixing of individuals from different origins. Relatedness analysis indicated that some individuals were highly related, with coefficients indicating they may be first‐degree relatives. Our findings indicate that the studied group has enough genetic diversity to be released into nature, but the high individual relatedness found would require the adoption of strategies after the release of animals in the wild to ensure their persistence. Highlights: The captive group of collared peccaries showed relatively high genetic diversity indices, indicating that the group was genetically diverse.Inbreeding coefficients with negative values were observed, indicating an excess of alleles in heterozygosis and an absence of inbreeding.Our findings indicate that the studied group has enough genetic diversity to be released into nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]