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Your search keyword '"Mathilde Falcou-Préfol"' showing total 4 results
Start Over Author "Mathilde Falcou-Préfol" Topic microplastics
4 results on '"Mathilde Falcou-Préfol"'

1. Chemical composition of microplastics floating on the surface of the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Mikaël Kedzierski, Maialen Palazot, Lata Soccalingame, Mathilde Falcou-Préfol, Gabriel Gorsky, François Galgani, Stéphane Bruzaud, and Maria Luiza Pedrotti

Subjects
Chemistry, FTIR, Microplastics, Poly(ethylene), Chemical composition, Mediterranean Sea, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Biology, Plastics, Pollution, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most studied regions in the world in terms of microplastic (MP) contamination. However, only a few studies have analysed the chemical composition of MPs at the Mediterranean Sea surface. In this context, this study aims to describe the chemical composition as a function of particle size, mass and number concentrations of MPs collected in the surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The chemical composition showed a certain homogeneity at the Mediterranean Sea scale. The main polymers identified by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy were poly(ethylene) (67.3 +/- 2.4%), poly(propylene) (20.8 +/- 2.1%) and poly(styrene) (3.0 +/- 0.9%). Nevertheless, discrepancies, confirmed by the literature, were observed at a mesoscale level. Thus, in the North Tyrrhenian Sea, the proportion of poly(ethylene) was significantly lower than the average value of the Mediterranean Sea (57.9 +/- 10.5%). Anthropic sources, rivers, or polymer ageing are assumed to be responsible for the variations observed.

Published
2022
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2. A machine learning algorithm for high throughput identification of FTIR spectra: Application on microplastics collected in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Mathilde Falcou-Préfol, Maryvonne Henry, Stéphane Bruzaud, Marie Emmanuelle Kerros, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Mikaël Kedzierski, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microplastics, Environmental Engineering, Computer science, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Ftir spectra, Mediterranean sea, k-nearest neighbor classification, FTIR spectra, Mediterranean Sea, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Tara Mediterranean campaign, 14. Life underwater, Throughput (business), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Microplastic, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, Identification (information), Tara mediterranean campaign, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Plastics, Algorithms, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Automated method, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; The development of methods to automatically determine the chemical nature of microplastics by FTIR-ATR spectra is an important challenge. A machine learning method, named k-nearest neighbors classification, has been applied on spectra of microplastics collected during Tara Expedition in the Mediterranean Sea (2014). To realize these tests, a learning database composed of 969 microplastic spectra has been created. Results show that the machine learning process is very efficient to identify spectra of classical polymers such as poly(ethylene), but also that the learning database must be enhanced with less common microplastic spectra. Finally, this method has been applied on more than 4000 spectra of unidentified microplastics. The verification protocol showed less than 10% difference in the results between the proposed automated method and a human expertise, 75% of which can be very easily corrected. Highlights ► A machine learning algorithm was developed to determine the chemical nature of microplastics. ► This method allows a fast and reliable automated identification even when several thousand of FTIR spectra have to be studied.► This method is the first part of a software dedicated to the study of microplastics: POSEIDON.

Published
2019
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3. Microplastics in Mediterranean Sea: A protocol to robustly assess contamination characteristics

Author

Mikaël Kedzierski, Stéphane Bruzaud, Mathilde Falcou-Préfol, Marie Emmanuelle Kerros, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Jonathan Villain, Maryvonne Henry, Mukherjee, Amitava, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Digital Systems (CERI SN), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Polymers, Margin of error, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean sea, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Environmental monitoring, Oceans, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, ELEMENTS, PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS, Materials, media_common, Marine Ecosystems, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Geographical regions, Statistics, Regional geography, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Chemistry, Macromolecules, Spectrophotometry, Physical Sciences, Medicine, ABUNDANCE, Plastics, BEHAVIOR, Research Article, Environmental Monitoring, Microplastics, Pollutants, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Materials Science, DEBRIS, Infrared Spectroscopy, Research and Analysis Methods, Ecosystems, POLLUTION, Bodies of water, Mediterranean Sea, Confidence Intervals, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Particle Size, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Reproducibility of Results, MARINE-ENVIRONMENT, Polymer Chemistry, ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES, Marine and aquatic sciences, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, IDENTIFICATION METHODS, Environmental science, Physical geography, COASTAL SEDIMENTS, Plastic pollution, Environmental Pollution, Mathematics, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; The study of microplastic pollution involves multidisciplinary analyses on a large number of microplastics. Therefore, providing an overview of plastic pollution is time consuming and, despite high throughput analyses, remains a major challenge. The objective of this study is to propose a protocol to determine how many microplastics must be analyzed to give a representative view of the particle size distribution and chemical nature, and calculate the associated margin error. Based on microplastic data from Tara Mediterranean campaign, this approach is explained through different examples. In this particular case, the results show that only 3% of the collected microplastics need to be analyzed to give a precise view on the scale of the North West Mediterranean Basin (error

Published
2019
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4. Statistical Methodology for Identifying Microplastic Samples Collected During TARA Mediterranean Campaign

Author

Jonathan Villain, Amanda Elineau, Marie Emmanuelle Kerros, Mathilde Falcou-Préfol, Stéphane Bruzaud, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Mikaël Kedzierski, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Bretagne Atlantique (LMBA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cocca, M, DiPace, E, Errico, ME, Gentile, G, Montarsolo, A, and Mossotti, R

Subjects
Pollution, Mediterranean climate, Microplastics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, 13. Climate action, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Physical geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

Since the 1950s plastic production has exponentially increased. Different expeditions have sampled microplastics in all the world’s oceans in order to better know this pollution. However, a large amount of plastic particles is collected during all campaigns, such as during the Tara Mediterranean Sea campaign. And, methods developed to analyse them are time-consuming. So, how to work to chemically characterize samples from large libraries?

Published
2017
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