168 results on '"microdureza"'
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2. Determinación de la microdureza del esmalte en lesiones de manchas blancas tratadas con resinas infiltrantes Determination of enamel microhardness in white spot lesions treated with infiltrating resins
- Author
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María Eugenia Alejandra Barrionuevo, Verónica Lucía Ventrera, and Walther D. Zavala
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desmineralización ,infiltración ,manchas blancas ,microdureza ,resina. demineralization ,infiltration ,microhardness ,resin ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objetivo: Determinar in vitro si la microdureza superficial Knoop de las manchas blancas mejora con la infiltración de resinas de baja viscosidad en comparación con la microdureza del esmalte sano. Materiales y métodos: Se desmineralizaron 93 muestras de esmalte bovino simulando lesiones de manchas blancas, para luego ser tratadas mediante la infiltración de resinas. Se midió la microdureza Knoop de las muestras antes de desmineralizarlas, luego de este proceso y a continuación de la infiltración. Resultados: Las muestras desmineralizadas mostraron una disminución del 50% en la microdureza. La infiltración con resinas mejoró esta propiedad, aunque los valores obtenidos se encontraron muy por debajo de la microdureza del esmalte sano. El análisis estadístico, mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y prueba post-hoc de Tukey, mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres grupos (p
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- 2024
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3. Surface modification of a ferritic ductile iron through plasma nitriding.
- Author
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Meza-Salazar, Gerardo, Cruz-Manjarrez, Héctor, Gilberto Agredo-Diaz, Dayi, Ortiz-Godoy, Nicolás, Rickards-Campbell, Jorge, González-Parra, Rafael, Valdez-Navarro, Raúl, and Barba-Pingarrón, Arturo
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NODULAR iron , *NITRIDING , *ATOMIC force microscopy , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *SURFACES (Technology) , *SURFACE morphology , *IRON - Abstract
This text describes the plasma nitriding of a ductile iron, to increase the surface hardness and improve its wear behavior. A ferritic ductile iron was used and processed with gases (N2 + H2) for 5 hours in a treatment chamber built at the UNAM Physics Institute. The treated samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, microhardness and X-ray diffraction. The presence of Fe-N compounds was corroborated on the surface of the material. Modifications in surface morphology and a 30% increase in microhardness were also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Microdureza de dos materiales endodónticos a base de silicato de calcio. Un ensayo ex vivo.
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Zmener, Osvaldo, Ensinas, Pablo, Picca, Mariana, and Della Porta, Roberto
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Odontologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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5. Sellantes odontopediátricos, ¿Realmente protegen a los dientes de diferentes procesos mecánicos? Revisión de literatura.
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Vassallo-Chávez, Fiorella, Velarde-Ortiz, Vanessa, and Millones-Gómez, Pablo
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The use of pit and fissure sealants in the area of pediatric dentistry has been very helpful as a preventive measure to avoid carious lesions generally given in the occlusal area of the first permanent molars erupted. These sealants have had constant variations over time, however, the most used are resinous sealants. These types of sealants are mainly classified in polymerization, viscosity and translucency. As dentistry has advanced, they have been divided into two groups (hydrophobic and hydrophilic), both with different characteristics, but with the same purpose, to provide a protective barrier between extrinsic factors and the tooth. However, when in contact with different elements such as humidity, carbohydrates and saliva, as well as having a bad application on the pits and fissures, these tend to fail and begin to present diverse problems such as microfiltration, retention failures and their microhardness. The objective of this literature review was to recognize whether these sealants are adequate to protect the teeth from external factors and whether they can resist various mechanical changes. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out in various databases and dental journals, and articles were selected according to their evidence, established criteria and the year of publication, which was between 2015 and 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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6. Microdureza de dos materiales endodónticos a base de silicato de calcio. Un ensayo ex vivo// Surface microhardness of two calcium silicate-based endodontic materials. An ex vivo assay
- Author
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Osvaldo Zmener
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endodoncia ,materiales a base de silicato de calcio ,microdureza ,//calcium silicate-based materials ,endodontics ,microhardness ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la microdureza de dos materiales endodónticos a base de silicato de calcio: MTA Densell Endo Sealer y TotalFill BC Sealer. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluó la microdureza de los selladores MTA Densell Endo Sealer (Grupo 1, n=5) y TotalFill BC Sealer (Grupo 2, n=5) contenidos en cilindros de dentina de vacuno a los 14 días posteriores a su fraguado. La medición se realizó a temperatura ambiente mediante la prueba de indentación Vickers. Se realizaron cinco indentaciones por probeta con una carga de 100 g durante 10 s cada una. Las mediciones se convirtieron a valores de dureza Vickers (HV) y los promedios de los valores HV de cada grupo se compararon por medio de la prueba t de Student con un nivel de significación de P
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- 2021
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7. EFFECTIVENESS OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT-BASED INTRACANAL DRESSINGS AGAINST Enterococcus Faecalis AND ITS INFLUENCE ON DENTIN MICROHARDNESS AND BOND STRENGTH OF FILLING MATERIAL.
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Albino SOUZA, Matheus, de Lima DALLA LANA, Daniel, PLETSCH, Amália, Scartazzini PALHANO, Huriel, BERVIAN, Juliane, de CARLI, João Paulo, and CECCHIN, Doglas
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MICROHARDNESS ,BOND strengths ,GRAPE seeds ,ANTI-infective agents ,CHLORHEXIDINE - Abstract
Copyright of Bioscience Journal is the property of Bioscience Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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8. EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUORIDE-RELEASING DENTAL MATERIALS AFTER MULTIPLE FLUORIDE RECHARGE/DISCHARGE APPLICATION.
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GÜMÜŞTAŞ, Burak, YAMAN DOSDOĞRU, Elif, and GÜNEYSU, Sinan
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DENTAL materials ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,DENTAL glass ionomer cements ,DEIONIZATION of water ,MICROHARDNESS - Abstract
Copyright of Bioscience Journal is the property of Bioscience Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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9. EFECTO DE TIEMPO Y TIPO DE ELECTROLITO EN LA GENERACIÓN DE PELÍCULAS DE ÓXIDO ANÓDICO SOBRE LA ALEACIÓN DE ALUMINIO AA5083 - H116.
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Cely-Bautista, María M., Soto-Duarte, Jorge A., Castellar, Grey, Colpas, Javier Jaramillo, and Romero Mejía, Iván
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OXIDE coating , *FACTORIAL experiment designs , *FACTORIALS , *MICROHARDNESS , *ELECTROLYTES - Abstract
El objetivo del siguiente artículo es evaluar la influencia de los parámetros de tiempo y tipo de electrolito en el espesor y dureza de la película generada por oxidación anódica, sobre la aleación de aluminio AA5083-H116. Fueron evaluados electrolitos, tipo oxálico y fosfórico con tiempos de 30 y 45 min de anodizado. La morfología de las películas fue observada mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). La dureza de las superficies se evaluó mediante ensayos Vickers. Para validar los resultados fue aplicado un diseño factorial 2². Los resultados mostraron que el electrolito tipo oxálico presenta los mayores valores de espesor y dureza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
10. Efecto del Xilol sobre la microdureza de la dentina en retratamiento endodóntico. Un estudio piloto in vitro
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Méndez Sabogal, Leidy Johana, Rojas Rodríguez, Yesica Paola, Romero Hernández, Mónica Liseth, Becerra Buitrago, Hernán, and Ortiz Castro, Vicky
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canal radicular ,cavidad pulpar dental ,dentin ,solvent ,dentina ,xilol ,microhardness ,chemical structure ,microdureza ,estructura química ,esmalte dental ,xylol ,pulpa dental ,disolvente - Abstract
Antecedente: el uso de disolventes, tales como el Xilol, es frecuente durante el retratamiento endodóntico con el objetivo de facilitar la remoción de la gutapercha. Sin embargo, estos pueden afectar la microdureza y estructura de la dentina. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del Xilol sobre la microdureza y la estructura química de la dentina luego del retiro de la gutapercha durante el retratamiento endodóntico, en premolares inferiores extraídos por indicación ortodóntica. Materiales y métodos: estudio experimental in vitro, que incluyó 12 dientes premolares unirradiculares extraídos para exodoncia por tratamiento ortodóntico. La muestra fue dividida aleatoriamente en dos grupos, seis para el grupo “control” que correspondió a dientes sin preparación biomecánica y seis para el grupo “expuesto” que correspondió a dientes desobturados con Xilol. Cada diente fue dividido longitudinamente en dirección vestibulolingual. En cada grupo, seis mitades fueron estudiadas con durometro de Vickers (HV) y tres con la espectroscopía de Raman. Resultados: la microdureza de la dentina fue similar entre los dientes sin y con exposición a Xilol, con un promedio reportado en la prueba de Vickers de 55.33.0 HV en el grupo control en comparación de 55.63.0 HV en el grupo expuesto a Xilol. En la prueba de Raman, no se observaron diferencias en la intensidad reportada a lo largo del espectro entre los grupos. En ambos casos, se reportó un pico máximo en 960 cm-1 correspondiente a niveles de hidroxiapatita. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio no sugieren cambios en la microdureza y en la estructura química de la dentina debido al uso de Xilol. Introduction: the use of solvents, such as Xylol, is common during endodontic retreatment in order to facilitate gutta-percha removal. However, they can affect dentin microhardness and dentin structure. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of Xylol on dentin microhardness and chemical structure after gutta-percha removal during endodontic retreatment in lower premolars extracted for orthodontic indication. Materials and methods: experimental in vitro study, which included 12 uniradicular premolars extracted for exodontia due to orthodontic treatment. The sample was randomly divided into two groups, six for the "control" group which corresponded to teeth without biomechanical preparation and six for the "exposed" group which corresponded to teeth treated with Xylol. Each tooth was split lengthwise in the vestibulolingual direction. In each group, six halves were studied with Vickers durometer (HV) and three with Raman spectroscopy. Results: dentin microhardness was similar between the teeth without and with Xylol exposure, with an average reported in Vickers test of 55.33.0 HV in the control group compared to 55.63.0 HV in the Xylol group. In the Raman spectroscopy, no differences were observed in the intensity along the spectrum between groups. In both cases, a maximum peak was recorded at 960 cm-1 corresponding to hydroxyapatite levels. Conclusions: the results of this study do not suggest changes in dentin microhardness and chemical structure due to the use of Xylol. Especialista en Endodoncia http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Especialización
- Published
- 2023
11. Depth of cure, mechanical properties and morphology of dual-cure bulk-Fill composites
- Author
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Sarıalioğlu Güngör, Ayça, Durmuş, Ali, Zengin Kurt, Belma, Köymen, Safiye Selin, Dönmez, Nazmiye, DÖNMEZ, NAZMİYE, ZENGİN KURT, BELMA, and Güngör, Ayça Sarıalioğlu
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Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ,Resina compuesta ,Espectroscopia infrarroja de Fourier ,Microdureza ,fuerza comprensiva ,Microscopía electrónica de barrido ,Grado de conversión ,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ,Compression Strength ,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, cilt.3, sa.3, ss.295-310, 2022 [Sarıalioğlu Güngör A., Durmuş A., Zengin Kurt B., Köymen S. S. , Dönmez N., -Depth of Cure, Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Dual-Cure Bulk-Fill Composites- -, ODOVTOS] ,Compression strength ,Resin composite ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Microhardness ,Scanning electron microscopy ,Degree of conversion ,Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido ,Espectroscopia Infrarroja de Fourier ,Building and Construction ,Resin Composite ,Grado de Conversión ,Fuerza Comprensiva ,Scanning Electron Microscopy ,Resina Compuesta ,Degree of Conversion - Abstract
This study evaluated selected structural and physical properties, such as degree of conversion (DC), Vickers hardness (VHN), and compression strength (CS), of three new dual-cure bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs; ACTIVA, HyperFIL, and Fill-Up) and compared them to those of a conventional RBC (Filtek Z250) at three clinically relevant depths. Samples (n=180) were prepared in three depths (2,4, and 6mm). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and VHN and CS tests were performed. The DC value was calculated by considering the relative change in the aliphatic C=C peaks. The fractured surfaces of representative samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically evaluated using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni tests (p
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- 2023
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12. Efecto generado por la presión calibrada en la estructura metalográfica y propiedades mecánicas del acero inoxidable austenítico AISI 316L.
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Jiménez Lora, Erney Samir, Fontalvo Gélvez, Breiner Antonio, Higuera Cobos, Oscar Fabián, Niño Camacho, Isabel Cristina, and González Romero, Hugo Alexander
- Abstract
Samples of 316L stainless steel were subjected to severe plastic deformation by the groove pressing technique at room temperature to a maximum equivalent deformation of ε ~ 4,64. Subsequently, the mechanical properties were evaluated and related to the microstructure by the scanning electron microscopy technique. The results show that after the first step an increase in the hardness, the elastic limit and the ultimate tensile strength in the material is obtained, due to the reduction of the grain size, the presence of mechanical twinning and martensite induced by deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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13. Model for microhardness profile prediction of annealed AISI 1045 steel cylindrical bars subjected to torsion.
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Di Graci Tiralongo, Verónica Carmen, Hurtado, Omar José Zurita, and Aguirre, María Cristina Capace
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MICROHARDNESS , *STEEL bars , *TORSION , *ANNEALING of metals , *ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
In this work, the effect of the torsion process angle of twist and distance from the center of cylindrical bars on the microhardness profile of annealed AISI 1045 steel was studied. The results showed that the microhardness increase with the evaluated parameters and the hardening is related to the plastic deformation caused by the process rather than by microstructural transformations. Based on the experimental results, ANOVA-Pareto analysis was conducted proving that the angle of twist is the most influential control factor (59.35 %) among the parameters investigated. Finally, a model to predict the microhardness profile from the torsion process is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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14. Influência da cristalização na dureza, módulo de elasticidade e tenacidade à fratura por indentação em vitrocerâmicas de dissilicato de lítio (Li2O.2SiO2).
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Braun, S. E., Mikowski, A., Comin, A. N., Thesing, L. A., Soares, P., and Lepienski, C. M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Ceramica is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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15. Microsolding in aisi 316l stainless steel blade using nd:yag pulsed laser
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Nakashima, Victor Massayuki, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Ventrella, Vicente Afonso [UNESP], and Crespo, Gillian da Silva
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YAG Laser [Nd] ,Thin blades ,Traction test ,Microhardness ,YAG [Laser Nd] ,AISI 316L ,Welding ,Lâminas finas ,Soldagem ,Microdureza ,Ensaio de tração - Abstract
Submitted by Victor Massayuki Nakashima (victor.nakashima@unesp.br) on 2022-10-17T18:43:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MICROSOLDAGEM EM LÂMINAS FINAS DE AÇO INOXIDÁVEL AISI 316L UTILIZANDO LASER PULSADO_ND YAG.docx: 23552004 bytes, checksum: ddda00ae1a5057174edb6a4a5ceffc69 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Raiane da Silva Santos (raiane.santos@unesp.br) on 2022-11-01T13:59:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nakashima_vm_me_ilha.pdf: 5351180 bytes, checksum: f963b8003c064f2d43d0c4d504e00dd5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-11-01T13:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nakashima_vm_me_ilha.pdf: 5351180 bytes, checksum: f963b8003c064f2d43d0c4d504e00dd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-09-13 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O processo de soldagem laser a cada dia vem sendo mais utilizado nas indústrias manufatureiras. No processo com laser pulsado é possível realizar soldas de costura em lâminas finas, através da sobreposição dos pulsos. A soldagem de sobreposição de lâminas finas apresenta problemas típicos, tais como: distorção excessiva da junta soldada, falta de contato (folga) entre as lâminas a serem soldadas, perfuração da junta e presença de altos níveis de tensões residuais. O presente trabalho estudou a influência da energia de pulso, em um processo de soldagem laser Nd:YAG, na soldagem de lâminas finas (100 µm de espessura) de aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 316L, utilizado no revestimento de sensores que trabalham em ambiente corrosivo nas indústrias sucroalcooleira, química, petroquímica e alimentícia. Variou-se a energia de pulso de 1,0 a 2,25 J, com incremento de 0,25 J. A velocidade de soldagem (ν) e a taxa de repetição (Rr ) foram fixas em 2 mm/s e 9 Hz, respectivamente. As soldas foram realizadas com proteção gasosa de argônio com vazão de 10 l/min e largura temporal igual a 4 ms. A caracterização microestrutural das juntas soldadas foi efetuada através de suas secções transversais, com revelação dos detalhes no metal de solda por meio de ataque eletroquímico com ácido nítrico 69%, tensão de 4 V e tempo ataque de 20 s. A análise mecânica dos metais de solda foi efetuada através da realização de ensaios de microdureza Vickers e de tração. Os parâmetros geométricos do cordão como (largura, profundidade e união) aumentaram em função do aumento da energia de pulso. A dureza apresentou um aumento nos cordões de solda em relação ao metal base. O limite de resistência da junta soldada aumentou no início, apresentando em seguida um pequeno decréscimo em função do aumento da energia do pulso, sendo que a amostra com energia de pulso 1,50 J foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados. Por fim, o processo mostrou-se muito sensível à presença de folga entre as lâminas, demonstrando que, o controle da energia de pulso em processo de soldagem por laser de lâmina finas, é de fundamental importância para a geração de juntas soldadas com boas propriedades mecânicas e livres de descontinuidades. The laser welding process is increasingly being used in manufacturing industries. In the pulsed laser process, it is possible to perform seam welds on thin blades, through the superposition of the pulses. Thin blade overlap welding presents typical problems such as: excessive distortion of the welded joint, lack of contact (gap) between the blades to be welded, perforation of the joint and presence of high levels of residual stresses. The present work studied the influence of pulse energy, Nd: YAG laser welding process, on the welding of thin blades (100 µm thick) of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, used in the coating of sensors that work in a corrosive environment in the sugar and ethanol industries. , chemical, petrochemical and food. The pulse energy was varied from 1.0 to 2.25 J, with an increment of 0.25 J. The welding speed (ν) and repetition rate (Rr) were fixed at 2 mm/s and 9 Hz, respectively. The welds were performed with argon gas shielding with a flow rate of 10 l/min and a temporal width equal to 4 ms. The microstructural characterization of the welded joints was carried out through their cross sections, revealing the details in the weld metal by electrochemical etching with 69% nitric acid, voltage of 4 V and etching time of 20 s. The mechanical analysis of the weld metals was performed by performing Vickers microhardness and tensile tests. The geometric parameters of the bead (width, depth and union) increased as the pulse energy increased. The hardness showed an increase in the weld beads in relation to the base metal. The strength limit of the welded joint increased at the beginning, then showed a small decrease as a function of the increase in pulse energy, and the sample with pulse energy of 1.50 J showed the best results. Finally, the process proved to be very sensitive to the presence of gap between the blades, demonstrating that the pulse energy control in the thin blade laser welding process is of fundamental importance for the generation of welded joints with good properties. mechanical and free of discontinuities. CAPES: 33004099082P-2 CAPES: 001
- Published
- 2022
16. How a 16% Carbamide peroxide home Bleaching agent affects the surface properties of chairside CAD/CAM materials?
- Author
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Beyza Zaim and Tugba Serin-Kalay
- Subjects
Home bleaching ,Rugosidad superficial ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,Composite number ,CAD/CAM ,Bleaching ,Surface roughness ,Microhardness ,Blanqueamiento ,Microdureza ,Nanoceramic ,Indentation hardness ,Profilometer ,Composite material ,Carbamide peroxide - Abstract
Surface changes of restorative materials after bleaching have clinical importance in terms of the durability and survival of restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of home bleaching on the surface roughness, microhardness, and surface analysis of four different types of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. Specimens were prepared from composite resin (Brilliant Crios: BC), resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate: LU), polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (Vita Enamic: VE), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic (Vita Suprinity: VS) CAD/CAM materials. Specimens were polished using 800, 1000, 1200, and 2000 grit SiC papers. Each restorative material was randomly divided into two groups; control and bleaching (n=10). The 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent (Whiteness Perfect 16%, FGM) was applied to the specimens for 4 h/day for 14 days. Surface roughness values (Ra) were obtained using a profilometer, and microhardness values (VHN) were obtained using a Vickers microhardness test. Surface analysis of specimens was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Data were analyzed Two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (p
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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17. Avaliação da Microestrutura e do Perfil de Microdureza do Aço AISI 8630m Amanteigamento com Arame AWS ER 80S - D2.
- Author
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Rodrigues, L. C. X., Maciel, T. M., and Neto, R. Q. Cruz
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Materiais e Processos is the property of Revista Eletronica de Materiaia e Processos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
18. Efecto de la resina humectante de superficies sobre la estabilidad del color y la microdureza de resinas compuestas estéticas
- Author
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Suzan Cangul, Mehmet Ünal, Ozkan Adiguzel, Ayse Gunay, Begum Erpacal, Dicle Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Restoratif Diş Tedavisi Bölümü, Cangül, Suzan, Erpaçal, Begüm, Adıgüzel, Özkan, Günay, Ayşe, and Ünal, Mehmet
- Subjects
Materials science ,Resina humectante ,Estabilidad de color ,Microdureza ,Resinas compuestas ,Composite number ,Composite resins ,Composite wetting resin ,Color stability ,Microhardness ,Indentation hardness ,Wetting ,Composite material - Abstract
WOS:000646099600011 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the superficial application of two different modeling resins on the surface microhardness and discoloration of composite resins. Material and Methods: The present study used two different composites and modeling resins. The composites were placed in plastic molds. Subsequently, the modeling resins were applied on the surface of the two composite groups. The microhardness and color pertaining to all the groups were evaluated. The current study used the One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests, in order to perform the statistical evaluation (p
- Published
- 2020
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19. Efecto del modo y tiempo de fotocurado de la lámpara LCU Led de tercera generación en las propiedades mecánicas de los nanocompuestos
- Author
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Evrim Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic, Bedri Onur Kucukyildirim, Zümrüt Ceren Özduman, Metehan Demirkol, Rümeysa Hatice Enginler Özlen, Burcu Oglakci, DALKILIÇ, Evrim, ÖZDUMAN, ZÜMRÜT CEREN, and OĞLAKÇI, Burcu
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Nanocomposite ,Microhardness ,Nanocompuesto ,Curing modes ,LED ,Microdureza ,Flexión ,Fotocurado ,Flexural performance ,OĞLAKÇI B., Ozlen R. H. E. , DEMİRKOL M., ÖZDUMAN Z. C. , KÜÇÜKYILDIRIM B. O. , DALKILIÇ E., -The Effect of Curing Modes and Times of Third-Generation Led LCU on the Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites-, ODOVTOS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, cilt.24, sa.3, ss.61-74, 2022 ,Curing times - Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of curing modes and times on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Two nanocomposite resins were investigated: suprananohybrid (Estelite Posterior Quick; EP) and nanohybrid (Solare X; SX). They were polymerized with a light-emitting diode light-curing units (LED LCU, Valo) as follows: standard mode for 20s (ST20), high power mode for 12s (HP12), high power mode for 20s (HP20), extra power mode for 6s (XP6), and extra power mode for 20s (XP20). For Vickers microhardness (HV), disc-shaped specimens were fabricated (n=10). For the three-point bending test, bar-shaped specimens were fabricated (n=10). Flexural strength and resilience modulus were calculated. The fractured surfaces and specimen surfaces of composites were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, two-way variance, and Bonferroni tests (p
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- 2022
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20. PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE PELÍCULAS HÍBRIDAS (ORGÁNICO-INORGÁNICO) SOBRE ACERO INOXIDABLE 304 Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Films (Organic-Inorganic) on Stainless Steel 304
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Jorge H. Bautista-Ruiz, William Aperador, and Arnoldo E. Delgado
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hybrid coatings ,sol-gel ,stainless steel ,adhesion ,microhardness ,recubrimientos híbridos ,acero inoxidable ,adhesión ,microdureza ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
This article shows the creation of ceramic films of the SiO2-TiO2 Organic Polymer hybrid system from Tetraethyl-Orthosilicate (Si (OC2H5)4) and Titanium Tetrabutoxide (Ti(OBu)4) synthesized through the sol-gel method in several volumetric concentrations of precursors. This hybrid system was deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel substrates through the dip-coating technique. Feasibility for obtaining hybrid and homogeneous coatings on this type of substrate and evaluating the surface properties was studies. For such a purpose, the coating microhardness and adhesion were studies. Additionally, the film surface was characterized through the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The study concluded that characteristics of films change in function of the volumetric amount of precursors used for creating films.Este trabajo muestra la conformación de películas cerámicas del sistema híbrido SiO2-TiO2-Polímero Orgánico, a partir de tetraetil-ortosilicato (Si (OC2H5)4), y tetra-butoxido de titanio (Ti(OBu)4) y sintetizado por el método sol-gel en diferentes concentraciones volumétricas de los precursores. Este sistema híbrido se depositó sobre sustratos de acero inoxidable AISI 304 mediante la técnica de inmersión (dip-coating). Se estudió la viabilidad de obtener recubrimientos híbridos homogéneos sobre este tipo de sustrato y evaluar las propiedades superficiales. Para tal efecto, se estudió microdureza y adhesión del recubrimiento. Adicionalmente, se caracterizó la superficie de las películas por microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Del estudio se concluye que las características de las películas cambian en función de la cantidad volumétrica de los precursores utilizados en la conformación de las mismas.
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- 2011
21. Síntesis y caracterización del nitruro ternario de titanio y vanadio (TixV1-xN)
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Alcalá, M. D., Ortega, A., Real, C., and Roldán, M. A.
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ternary nitride ,carbothermal reduction ,EELS ,XAS ,microhardness ,synthesis ,nitruro ternario ,reducción carbotérmica ,microdureza ,síntesis ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
Titanium-Vanadium nitride (TiVN) has been prepared from carbothermal reduction of corresponding oxides and also by direct nitridation of a mix of two metals employing the ATVC method. The characterization of the final product by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron energy loss (EELS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is presented. The synthesis of the ternary nitride has been possible in all range of composition and the final product is obtained with nanometric particle size and a high microhardness after sintering.En el presente trabajo se aborda la síntesis del nitruro ternario de titanio y vanadio por reducción carbotérmica de una mezcla de óxidos o bien por nitruración directa de la mezcla de metales, en todo el rango de composiciones empleando el método de análisis térmico a velocidad controlada (ATVC). La caracterización de los productos obtenidos se ha llevado a cabo mediante difracción de rayos-X y microscopia electrónica. El empleo de la técnica EELS ha mostrado su capacidad para la cuantificación de este tipo de materiales, así como la utilización de la técnica espectroscópica XAS nos ha servido para corroborar los datos obtenidos a partir de los diagramas de difracción de rayos-X sobre distancias de enlace, número de coordinación y grado de desorden, esto último no detectado por las otras técnicas usadas en la caracterización de los productos. Los valores de microdureza registrados para las muestras sintetizadas se encuentran dentro del rango de valores reportados para este tipo de materiales.
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- 2011
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22. Comparação da influência entre tempos de polimerização em resinas compostas polimerizadas com LED e Luz Incandescente Comparison of the influence of curing times applied to composite resins cured with LED and Incandescent Light
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Michele P. M. Ulhoa, Lúcio R. S. Santana, Eduardo C. Bianchi, Carlos E. D. Cruz, Paulo R. Aguiar, César A. de Freitas, and Márcia F. A. de Freitas
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Resina composta ,desgaste abrasivo ,métodos de avaliação ,microdureza ,Composite resin ,abrasive wear ,evaluation methods ,microhardness ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
O propósito deste trabalho é fazer uma comparação entre resinas poliméricas dentárias, polimerizadas por aparelhos baseados em lâmpada halógena e diodo emissor de Luz (LED), utilizando-se o método do disco retificado aperfeiçoado para odontologia e os respectivos valores de microdureza. Foram realizados testes em amostras de resinas compostas de 5 diferentes marcas, polimerizadas a tempos de 10, 20 e 40 s, pelos dois aparelhos. A análise estatística dos valores de microdureza e agressividade permitiu concluir que estatisticamente não há correlação entre essas propriedades. Na análise de microdureza, a heterogeneidade característica do material implicou em resultados com valores de desvio padrão relativamente altos, de forma que não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre as amostras avaliadas. Na análise estatística dos ensaios baseados no método do disco retificado, a resina que apresentou maior desgaste nos ensaios, foi a Tetric Ceram, polimerizada pelo aparelho de LED por 10 s, cujo valor médio de agressividade obtido foi 0,170 mm³/N.m. A resina que sofreu menor desgaste foi a Charisma, polimerizada por Lâmpada Incandescente, por um tempo de 20 s, cuja média dos valores de agressividade foi 0,057 mm³/N.m.The purpose of this work was to compare polymeric dental resins cured with halogen lamp and with light emission diode (LED) devices, using the grinding disk method customized for dentistry and the corresponding microhardness values. Tests were carried out on resin samples of five brands, which were cured for 10, 20 and 40 s with the two devices. The analysis of microhardness and aggressiveness has allowed us to conclude that there is no correlation between these properties. In Microhardness tests, the material heterogeneity has produced relative high standard deviation values and has not shown statistical differences between the analyzed samples. In the statistical analysis for the results with the grinding disk method, the resin with highest wear was the Tetric Ceram, cured with LED device for 10 s (aggressiveness average 0.170 mm³/N.m ). The composite resin with least wear was Charisma, cured with halogen lamp device for 20 s (aggressiveness average 0.057 mm³/N.m ).
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- 2007
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23. Airpolishing effect on bovine enamel and the posterior remineralizing effect of saliva: estudo in vitro Efeito do jato de bicarbonato de sódio sobre o esmalte bovino e posterior efeito remineralizador da saliva
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Helena Zaramella Vono Ribeiro, José Eduardo de Oliveira Lima, Bernardo Gonzalez Vono, Maria Aparcida de Andrade Moreira Machado, and Salete Moura Bonifácio da Silva
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Jato de bicarbonato de sódio ,Abrasão dentária ,Microdureza ,Remineralização dentária ,Airpolishing ,Tooth abrasion ,Microhardness ,Tooth remineralization ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the alterations of surface microhardness and wear caused by the sodium bicarbonate jet on bovine enamel and the further remineralizing effect of artificial saliva. METHODS: Fifteen enamel samples (4,0mm x 4,0mm) were used, which constituted the groups: no treatment (MI); treatment with sodium bicarbonate jet (MII and DI); treatment with sodium bicarbonate jet and immersion in saliva for one hour (MIII and DII), 24 hours (MIV and DIII) and 7 days (MV and DIV). Microhardness tests were carried out using a microdurometer in groups M and wear tests by a rugosimeter in groups D. The data were assessed by the one criterion variance analysis and Tukey test. RESULTS: The mean value of microhardness, in KHN, in groups MI, MII, MIII, MIV and MV were 359,80; 335,46; 369,20; 377,73 and 341,86, respectively, whereas the mean values in µm, of wear for group DI, DII, DIII and DIV were 0,564; 0,519; 0,441 and 0,428, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sodium bicarbonate jet caused a wear and a reduction in microhardness on the enamel surface; saliva promoted the recovery of initial condition surface microhardness and reduced the wear; the repairing effect of saliva on the surface microhardness alterations occurred within one hour of treatment, having no significant statistical difference from the effect obtained in 24 hours; the best saliva repairing effect on the wear occurred with treatment of 24 hours.OBJETIVO: A finalidade do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações da microdureza e o desgaste provocado pelo jato de bicarbonato de sódio em esmalte bovino e o posterior efeito remineralizador da saliva artificial. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 15 espécimes de esmalte (4,0mm x 4,0mm) que constituíram os grupos: sem tratamento (MI); tratamento com jato de bicarbonato de sódio (MII e DI); tratamento com jato de bicarbonato de sódio e imersão em saliva artificial por uma hora (MIII e DII), 24 horas (MIV e DIII) e sete dias (MV e DIV). Foram realizados testes de microdureza com um microdurômetro nos grupos M e testes de desgaste com um rugosímetro nos grupos D. RESULTADOS: Os dados foram avaliados pela Análise de Variância a um critério e pelo Teste de Tukey. O valor das médias da microdureza, em KHN, nos grupos MI, MII, MIII, MIV e MV foram 359,80; 335,46; 369,20; 377,73 e 341,86; respectivamente, enquanto que os valores médios, em µm, do desgaste para o grupo DI, DII, DIII e DIV foram 0,564; 0,519; 0,441 e 0,428, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: o jato de bicarbonato de sódio causou desgaste e diminuição da microdureza superficial; a saliva promoveu o retorno da microdureza superficial à condição inicial e reduziu o desgaste; o efeito reparador da saliva sobre as alterações na microdureza superficial já ocorreu com uma hora de tratamento, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante do efeito obtido com 24 horas; o melhor efeito reparador da saliva sobre o desgaste ocorreu com 24 horas de tratamento.
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- 2006
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24. Efecto del blanqueamiento y el remineralizante sobre la microdureza y micromorfología del esmalte dental.
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Ortíz Aguilar, Mayra, Zavala Alonso, Norma Verónica, Patiño Marín, Nuria, Martínez Castañón, Gabriel A., and Ramírez González, Jorge H.
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Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
25. OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LOS PARÁMETROS DE DEPOSICIÓN POR TERMORROCIADO POR PLASMA ATMOSFÉRICO DE RECUBRIMIENTOS DE NiCrAlCoYO USADOS COMO CAPA DE ANCLAJE EN SISTEMAS BARRERAS TÉRMICAS.
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Liscano, S., Padilla, P., Romero, M., and Gil, L.
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MCrAlY type coatings are used as coat bond between the ceramic layer and substrate type systems thermal barriers coatings. Among methods of manufacturing technology is thermal sprayed by atmospheric plasma, whose coatings are characterized as granular, rough, high porosity. The mechanical strength and thermal barriers protective function depends largely on the projection parameters, so they must be accurately controlled. This paper evaluates the influence of variables, electric current and voltage of the plasma torch in order to obtain the best answer on the microhardness and porosity of the coatings obtained by thermal spraying metal NiCoCrAlYO air plasma. Microstructural evaluation was performed by light microscopy with image analysis and scanning electron microscopy, likewise Vickers hardness measurements. The result shows that are possible to obtain dense coatings with higher hardness value than the specification, using a combination of 800 A of current and 40 V of torch plasma voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
26. Depth of cure of dental composites submitted to different light-curing modes Profundidade de polimerização de compósitos restauradores submetidos a diferentes métodos de fotoativação
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Raphael Vieira Monte Alto, José Guilherme Antunes Guimarães, Laiza Tatiana Poskus, and Eduardo Moreira da Silva
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Resinas compostas ,Profundidade de polimerização ,Métodos de fotoativação ,Polimerização gradual ,Microdureza ,Composite resins ,Depth of cure ,Light curing modes ,Softstart polymerization ,Microhardness ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the depth of cure of five dental composites submitted to different light-curing modes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Canal-shaped cavities with 5mm of length were prepared on the buccal surfaces of extracted third molars, and restored using P-60, A-110, Admira, Z-250 and Supreme resin composites. Materials were light-cured from the top, according to three modes (Group 1- Conventional (C): 500 mW/cm² / 40 s; Group 2 - Soft-Start (SS): 250 mW/cm²/ 20 s + 500 mW/cm²/ 20 s + 500 mW/cm²/ 10 s and Group 3 - LED: 250 mW/cm²/ 40 s). After that, cavity longitudinal surfaces were polished and marked with a millimeter scale of 4mm of length. Depth of cure was evaluated by means of Knoop hardness number (KHN), so that five indentations were performed at each millimeter. Original data were submitted to three-way ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test (alpha = 0.01). RESULTS: All materials presented a significant reduction on KHN from first to third millimeter. Regarding depth of cure, the results obtained for Conventional and Soft-Start modes were similar, but statistically superiors to those found for group 3 (LED). CONCLUSION: This performance may be related to the differences among energy densities obtained with different light-curing modes.OBJETVO: Este estudo avaliou a profundidade de polimerização de cinco compósitos fotopolimerizáveis submetidos a diferentes métodos de fotoativação. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Cavidades em forma de canaleta com 5 mm de comprimento, preparadas nas faces vestibulares de terceiros molares, foram restauradas com os compósitos P-60, A-110, Admira, Z-250 e Supreme. Os materiais foram fotoativados pelo topo das cavidades com três técnicas (Grupo 1 - Convencional (C): 500 mW / cm² / 40 s; Grupo 2 - Soft-Start (SS): 250 mW / cm² / 20 s + 500 mW / cm² / 20 s + 500 mW / cm² / 10 s e Grupo 3 - LED: 250 mW / cm² / 40 s). Após a fotoativação, as superfícies longitudinais dos materiais foram polidas e marcadas com uma escala milimetrada com 4 mm de comprimento. A profundidade de polimerização foi avaliada através do número de dureza Knoop (NDK), com cinco indentações a cada milímetro. Os dados originais foram submetidos à Análise de Variância de três fatores e teste de Fisher para comparações entre médias (alfa = 0,01). RESULTADOS: Todos os materiais apresentaram diminuição do NDK do primeiro para o terceiro milímetro (p < 0,01). Os resultados obtidos com os Grupos Convencional e Soft-Start foram similares e superiores ao Grupo LED (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Este desempenho pode ser relacionado às diferenças nas densidades de energia obtidas com os métodos de fotoativação utilizados.
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- 2006
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27. Influence of light curing source on microhardness of composite resins of different shades Influência da fonte de luz polimerizadora na microdureza da resina composta de diferentes cores
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André Luiz Fraga Briso, Tânia Maria Fedel, Sibéria de Morais Pereira, Sílvio José Mauro, Renato Herman Sundfeld, and Maria Lúcia Marçal Mazza Sundefeld
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Microdureza ,Fotopolimerizadores ,Resinas compostas ,Cores ,Microhardness ,Curing equipment ,Composite resins ,Shades ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The evolution of light curing units can be noticed by the different systems recently introduced. The technology of LED units promises longer lifetime, without heating and with production of specific light for activation of camphorquinone. However, further studies are still required to check the real curing effectiveness of these units. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the microhardness of 4 shades (B-0.5, B-1, B-2 and B-3) of composite resin Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) after light curing with 4 light sources, being one halogen (Ultralux - Dabi Atlante) and three LED (Ultraled - Dabi Atlante, Ultrablue - DMC and Elipar Freelight - 3M ESPE). METHODS: 192 specimens were distributed into 16 groups, and materials were inserted in a single increment in cylindrical templates measuring 4mm x 4mm and light cured as recommended by the manufacturer. Then, they were submitted to microhardness test on the top and bottom aspects of the cylinders. RESULTS: The hardness values achieved were submitted to analysis of variance and to Tukey test at 5% confidence level. It was observed that microhardness of specimens varied according to the shade of the material and light sources employed. The LED appliance emitting greater light intensity provided the highest hardness values with shade B-0.5, allowing the best curing. On the other hand, appliances with low light intensity were the least effective. It was also observed that the bottom of specimens was more sensitive to changes in shade. CONCLUSION: Light intensity of LED light curing units is fundamental for their good functioning, especially when applied in resins with darker shades.INTRODUCTION: A evolução dos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores pode ser notada nos diferentes sistemas introduzidos recentemente no mercado. A tecnologia apresentada pelos aparelhos LED promete maior tempo de vida útil, não gerar aquecimento e produzir luz específica para a ativação da canforoquinona. No entanto, ainda são necessários estudos complementares para se conhecer a real efetividade destes aparelhos na polimerização dos materiais. PROPOSTA: Neste trabalho foi verificada a microdureza de 4 cores (B-0,5, B-1, B-2 e B-3) da resina composta Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) quando polimerizadas com 4 fontes de luz, sendo uma halógena (Ultralux - Dabi Atlante) e três LED (Ultraled - Dabi Atlante, Ultrablue - DMC e Elipar Freelight - 3M ESPE). MÉTODOS: Os 192 corpos-de-prova foram distribuídos em 16 grupos e os materiais foram inseridos em único incremento em matrizes cilíndricas de 4mm X 4mm, sendo polimerizados pelo tempo preconizado pelo fabricante. Em seguida, foram submetidos ao teste de microdureza na superfície superior e inferior dos cilindros. RESULTADOS: Os valores de dureza obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Foi observado que a dureza dos corpos-de-prova variou conforme a cor do material e aparelhos utilizados. O aparelho LED que emite maior intensidade luminosa proporcionou a obtenção dos maiores valores de dureza, com o croma B-0,5 possibilitando a melhor polimerização. Por outro lado aparelhos com baixa intensidade luminosa foram os menos efetivos. Também foi observado que a região do fundo dos corpos-de-prova foi mais sensível à mudança das cores. CONCLUSÕES: A intensidade de luz dos fotopolimerizadores LED é fundamental para seu bom funcionamento, principalmente quando empregadas resinas com croma mais acentuado.
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- 2006
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28. Microhardness evaluation around composite restorations using fluoride-containing adhesive systems Avaliação da microdureza ao redor de restaurações de compósito confeccionadas com sistemas adesivos contendo fluoretos
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Cláudia Silami de Magalhães, Anderson Takeo Hara, Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, Mônica Campos Serra, and Marcelo Giannini
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Esmalte dentário ,Fluoreto ,Sistemas adesivos ,Microdureza ,Dental enamel ,Fluoride ,Adhesive systems ,Microhardness ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of dental enamel around composite restorations bonded with fluoride-containing adhesive systems (FCAS), after thermo- and pH-cycling protocols. Standardized cylindrical cavities were prepared on enamel surfaces of 175 dental fragments, which were randomly assigned into seven experimental groups (n=25). Four groups used FCAS: Optibond Solo (OS); Prime&Bond 2.1 (PB); Syntac Sprint (SS) and Tenure Quick (TC). Other groups consisted of "Sandwich" technique restoration (STR) (glass ionomer liner + hydrophobic adhesive resin /restorative composite) or used Single Bond with (SB) or without (SBWC) cycling protocols. Adhesive systems were applied according to manufacturers' instructions and cavities were restored with a microfilled composite (Durafill VS). After finishing and polishing, all groups were submitted to 1,000 thermal cycles (5 ºC and 55 ºC) and to demineralization (pH 4.3) and remineralization (pH 7.0) cycling protocols, except for SBWC group. The Knoop microhardness of enamel surfaces were measured around restorations. Indentations were recorded at 150, 300 and 450-mm from the cavity wall. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Duncan's Test (a=0.05%). Means ± SD of enamel microhardness for the groups were (Kg/mm²): SBWC: 314.50 ± 55.93ª ; SB: 256.78 ± 62.66b; STR: 253.90 ± 83.6b; TQ: 243.93 ± 68.3b; OS: 227.97 ± 67.1c; PB: 213.30 ± 91.3d; SS: 208.73 ± 86.6d. Means ± SD of microhardness for the distances 150, 300, 450mm from the cavity wall were, respectively: 234.46 ± 77.81ª; 240.24 ± 85.12ª; 262.06 ± 79.46b. SBWC group, which was not submitted to thermo- and pH-cycling protocols, showed the highest enamel microhardness mean value and the FCAS resulted in lower microhardness values. At 450 mm from the cavity wall, the enamel microhardness increased significantly.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a microdureza do esmalte dental ao redor de restaurações em compósito que utilizaram sistemas adesivos contendo fluoretos (FCAS), após tratamento dessas superfícies restauradas aos protocolos de ciclagem térmica e pH. Cavidades cilíndricas padronizadas foram preparadas em 175 superfícies de esmalte de fragmentos dentais, os quais foram aleatoriamente divididos em sete grupos (n=25). Quatro grupos utilizaram os FCAS: Optibond Solo (OS); Prime&Bond 2.1 (PB); Syntac Sprint (SS) e Tenure Quick (TC). Outros grupos consistiram em restaurações "Sandwich" (STR - ionômero de vidro como base + restauração em composíto) ou utilizaram Single Bond com (SB) ou sem (SBWC) ciclagens. Os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados segundo as instruções dos fabricantes e as cavidades restauradas com compósito microparticulado (Durafill VS). Após o acabamento e polimento, todos grupos foram submetidos a 1.000 ciclos térmicos (5 ºC e 55 ºC) e a um protocolo de ciclagem de pH (desmineralização-pH 4,3 e remineralização-pH 7,0), exceto para o grupo SBWC. A microdureza das superfícies de esmalte foi mensurada ao redor das restaurações. Indentações foram feitas nas distâncias de 100, 300 and 450-mm da parede cavitária. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA (2 fatores) and Teste de Duncan (5%). Os valores médios ± DP da microdureza do esmalte para os grupos foram (Kg/mm²): SBWC: 314,50 ± 55,93ª ; SB: 256,78 ± 62,66b; STR: 253,90 ± 83,6b; TQ: 243,93 ± 68,3b; OS: 227,97 ± 67,1c; PB: 213,30 ± 91,3d; SS: 208,73 ± 86,6d. As médias ± DP de microdureza para as distâncias 150, 300, 450 mm da parede cavitária foram, respectivamente: 234,46 ± 77,81ª; 240,24 ± 85,12ª; 262,06 ± 79,46b. O grupo SBWC que não foi submetido aos protocolos de ciclagem térmica e pH mostrou a maior média de microdureza do esmalte e os FCAS resultaram nos menores valores de microdureza. Na distância de 450 mm da parede cavitária, a microdureza apresentou aumento significativo.
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- 2005
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29. Avaliação da influência do polimento químico na sorpção, solubilidade e microdureza de uma resina acrílica de termopolimerização
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Samuel, Susana Maria Werner and Selistre, Catia Rubinstein
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Sorpção ,Solubilidade ,Microdureza ,Polimento químico ,Resina acrílica ,Sorption ,Solubility ,Microhardness ,Chemical polish ,Acrylic resin - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the chemical polishing, when compared to the mechanical polish, in the sorption, solubility and microhardness of a heat-polymerizable acrylic resin. The heatactivated acrylic resin used was Clássico (Art. Odontológicos Clássico Ltda., S.P.). The properties of sorption and the solubility were tested in accordance with International Organization for Standartization (ISO) specification n. 1567, making 20 samples in the format of disks, divided aleatory in two groups, where the first group received lhe mechanical polish with abrasive pastes, and the second, the chemical polish during IOS, in the chemical polisher PQ 9000 (série 4868-2, Termotron do Brasil Ltda., Piracicaba, SP). The samples were maintained in a desiccator with silica gel, at 37 DC, until the moment they reached constant mass (M1), obtained in a scale with resolution of 0,0001g. The samples were submerged in distilled water, at 37 Uc, for 7 days, when it was Obtained new mass value (M2). The difference between M1 and M2 divided by the volume Of each sample resulted in the sorption. The samples were desiccated again until they reach constant mass (M3). The difference between M1 and M3 divided by the volume of each sample resulted in the solubility Of the same ones. For the Knoop microhardness measurement, were made 20 specimens of acrylic resin, of which 10 samples received the mechanical polish and the others, the chemical polish. The Knoop microhardness test was made with a NU Research Microscope (VEB Carl Zeiss JENAGermany). The results indicated that the technique of the chemical polish is acceptable when considered the sorption property, even so unviable with the solubility property, in accordance with the specification n.1567 of ISO. The chemical polish also reduced significantly the superficial microhardness of the acrylic resin, which consequences can interfere in the clinical performance of the material., A proposta desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência do polimento químico, quando comparado ao polimento mecânico, nas propriedades de sorpção, solubilidade e microdureza de uma resina acrílica termopolimerizável. Os ensaios foram realizados utìizando-se a resina acrílica de termopolimerização da marca Clássico (Art. Odontológicos Clássico Ltda.,S.P.). A sorpção e solubilidade foram realizadas conforme a especificação nº1567 da International Organization for Standartization (ISO), confeccionando-se 20 corpos de prova no formato de discos, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, onde o primeiro recebeu o polimento mecânico com pastas abrasivas, e o segundo, o polimento químico durante 10s, na polidora química PQ 9000 (série 4868-2, Termotron do Brasil Ltda., Piracicaba, SP). Os corpos de prova foram mantidos em um dissecador com sílica gel, a 37ºC, até que apresentassem massa constante (MI), obtida numa balança com resolução de 0,0001g. As amostras foram imersas em água destilada a 37ºC, durante 7 dias, e novamente pesadas (M2). A diferença ente M2 e Ml em relação ao volume de cada corpo de prova resultou na sorpção. A seguir, os corpos de prova foram novamente dissecados até a obtenção de massa constante (M3). A diferença entre Ml e M3 em relação ao volume de cada corpo de prova resultou na solubilidade dos mesmos. Para a execução do ensaio de microdureza Knoop foram confeccionados 20 corpos de prova de resina acrílica, dos quais 10 amostras receberam o polimento mecânico e as demais, o polimento químico. A mensuração da microdureza foi realizada no NU Research Microscope (VEB Carl Zeiss JENA- Germany). Os resultados indicaram que a técnica de polimento químico é aceitável quando considerada a propriedade de sorpção, porém inviável quanto à propriedade de solubilidade, de acordo com a especificação nº1567 da ISO. O polimento químico também reduziu significativamente a dureza superficial da resina acrílica, cujas consequências poderão interferir no desempenho clínico do material.
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- 2021
30. Light-curing units in dentistry - characterization and performance in the activation of resin composites and resin cements
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Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga, Price, Richard Bengt, Soares, Carlos José, Silva, Gisele Rodrigues da, Soares, Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira, Shimokawa, Carlos Alberto Kenji, and Oliveira, Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de
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Potência ,Transmissão de Luz ,Comprimento de Onda ,Resina Composta Bulk-Fill ,Wavelength ,Bulk-Fill Resin Composite ,Odontologia ,Photoinitiators ,Microhardness ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA::CLINICA ODONTOLOGICA [CNPQ] ,Dentistry ,Light transmission ,Fotoiniciadores ,Radiant Power ,Microdureza ,Degree of Conversion ,Grau de Conversão - Abstract
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A fotoativação é um passo importante nos procedimentos restauradores diretos e indiretos. Os equipamentos utilizados para este fim, as fontes fotoativadoras, apresentam características como potência, espectro de emissão, irradiância e formato do equipamento diferentes entre si. Essas características podem influenciar nos procedimentos odontológicos, o que torna importante o estudo e entendimento destes equipamentos para o melhor uso na associação aos materiais restauradores. O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar e caracterizar o desempenho de diferentes fontes fotoativadoras na ativação de restaurações diretas e indiretas. Três objetivos integram este estudo: Objetivo específico 1: avaliar o efeito do tipo de fonte fotoativadora e do preparo de amostras na microdureza e grau de conversão em diferentes profundidades e regiões de restaurações em dentes posteriores com resina composta bulk-fill. Objetivo específico 2: Avaliar a influência de diferentes cerâmicas, espessuras e tratamentos de superfície na transmissão de luz em diferentes comprimentos de onda violeta e azul. Objetivo específico 3: Avaliar o efeito da emissão de apenas luz violeta, apenas luz azul ou da combinação de ambas por uma fonte fotoativadora de múltiplos espectros, no grau de conversão de cimentos resinosos que apresentam diferentes fotoiniciadores. A partir destes estudos pode-se concluir que o preparo de amostras incluídas em resina de poliestireno para testes de dureza e grau de conversão reduzem a percepção de diferenças entre as diferentes técnicas, já na utilização de método sem inclusão e sem polimento da amostra é possível detectar diferenças produzidas pela fotoativação em áreas profundas da restauração, como caixas proximais de restaurações Classe II. De acordo com o segundo estudo, há uma rápida redução logarítmica em transmissão de luz à medida que a espessura de cerâmica aumenta, transmitindo pouca luz através de 1,5 mm de ambas as cerâmicas testadas. Nos comprimentos de onda curtos a transmissão de luz é ainda menor. A cerâmica Celtra Duo, após glaze, apresenta maior brilho de superfície comparado a IPS e.max CAD, porém não há correlação entre o brilho de superfície e a transmissão de luz. E por fim, demonstrou-se que não é necessária fonte fotoativadora de múltiplos picos para polimerizar o cimento resinoso Variolink Esthetic LC e, o cimento resinoso RelyX Veneer não tem seu grau de conversão beneficiado pela emissão de luz violeta. Photoactivation is an important step for direct and indirect restorative procedures. The light-curing units used for this purpose present characteristics such as radiant power, emission spectrum, irradiance, and equipment design which are different among themselves, and have influenced the procedures. The general objective of this thesis was to evaluate and characterize the performance of different light-curing units in the activation of direct and indirect restorations. Three objectives integrate this study: Specific objective 1: To evaluate the effect of the sample preparation and light-curing units on the Knoop hardness and degree of conversion at different depths and regions of bulk-fill resin-based composite restorations. Specific objective 2: To evaluate the influence of thickness and surface condition on the transmission of violet and blue light through two ceramics. Specific objective 3: To evaluate the effect of delivering isolated violet, blue, or a combination of violet and blue light from a polywave® light-curing unit (LCU) through ceramic on the degree of conversion (DC) of two resin cements with different photoinitiators. Based on the results of these studies, the following conclusions can be drawn: preparation methods that embedded the samples in polystyrene resin and polished the specimens reduced the differences between the KH and DC values obtained by different preparation techniques. The use of the NotPol method was able to detect differences produced by light activation in deeper areas. According to the second study, there is a rapid logarithmic decline in light transmission as the ceramic thickness increases means that little useful light is transmitted through 1.5 mm of either ceramic. Even less of the shorter wavelengths of light are transmitted. Celtra Duo glazed ceramic had a higher surface gloss compared to IPS e.max CAD, however there is no correlation between surface gloss and light transmission. Finally, the third study demonstrated that a polywave® light is not required to cure Variolink Esthetic LC, and RelyX Veneer does not benefit from receiving violet light from the polywave® light. Tese (Doutorado) 2023-07-30
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- 2021
31. Comportamiento tribológico de los recubrimientos nanocristalinos de CrC-NiCr obtenidos por proyección térmica HVOF
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Igartua, A., Mendoza, G., Forn, A., and Picas, J. A.
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HVOF Thermal Spraying ,CrC-NiCr coatings ,Microhardness ,Tribology ,Proyección térmica HVOF ,recubrimientos de CrC-NiCr ,Microdureza ,Tribología ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
One of the most important uses of HVOF thermal plasma spray coatings is for wear resistance. In this work, the characteristics of nanocristalline CCr-NiCr coating and their effect on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of the material have been investigated. The objective of this study is the replacement of hazardous hard chromium plating technology used today in industry for an efficient and clean HVOF technology, using micro and nanocristalline CCr-NiCr coatings. Commercially available CCr-NiCr powder was mechanically treated, in order to obtain nano powders. Later the HVOF thermal spray process was used to produce conventional and nanocrystalline CCr-NiCr coatings. The ultra-microindentation technique was applied to evaluate the grain size effect in the hardness and the elasto-plastic properties of the coating. Difference in roughness has been determined by profilometry. The coating microstructures were characterised by SEM and optical microscopy and the porosity percentage was determined by Image Analysis technique. In order to evaluate the friction and wear properties of different substrate materials a reciprocating sliding motion has been used. CrC-NiCr standard coatings shows better tribological properties than WC-CoCr coatings.Una de las características más importantes de los recubrimientos de proyección térmica HVOF es su resistencia al desgaste. En este proyecto, se han investigado las características del recubrimiento nanocristalinos de CrC-NiCr y su efecto en las propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas del material. De acuerdo con los ensayos realizados, los recubrimientos nanocristalinos CrC-NiCr proporcionan una rugosidad un 66% menor, que los recubrimientos estándar, lo que produce una importante mejora en las propiedades de fricción (reducción coeficiente de fricción del 38%) y desgaste (reducción del desgaste del 84%).
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- 2004
32. A comparison of microhardness of indirect composite restorative materials Estudo comparativo da microdureza de materiais resinosos indiretos
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Carolina Baptista Miranda, Clóvis Pagani, Marco Cícero Bottino, and Ana Raquel Benetti
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Microdureza ,Resina composta indireta ,Microhardness ,Indirect composite ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the microhardness of four indirect composite resins. Forty cylindrical samples were prepared according to the manufacturer’s recommendations using a Teflon mold. Ten specimens were produced from each tested material, constituting four groups (n=10) as follows: G1 - Artglass; G2 - Sinfony; G3 - Solidex; G4 - Targis. Microhardness was determined by the Vickers indentation technique with a load of 300g for 10 seconds. Four indentations were made on each sample, determining the mean microhardness values for each specimen. Descriptive statistics data for the experimental conditions were: G1 - Artglass (mean ±standard deviation: 55.26 ± 1.15HVN; median: 52.6); G2 - Sinfony (31.22 ± 0.65HVN; 31.30); G3 - Solidex (52.25 ± 1.55HVN; 52.60); G4 - Targis (72.14 ± 2.82HVN; 73.30). An exploratory data analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate statistical test through: (I) Levene's for homogeneity of variances; (II) ANOVA on ranks (Kruskal-Wallis); (III) Dunn's multiple comparison test (0.05). Targis presented the highest microhardness values while Sinfony presented the lowest. Artglass and Solidex were found as intermediate materials. These results indicate that distinct mechanical properties may be observed at specific materials. The composition of each material as well as variations on polymerization methods are possibly responsibles for the difference found in microhardness. Therefore, indirect composite resin materials that guarantee both good esthetics and adequate mechanical properties may be considered as substitutes of natural teeth.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a microdureza de 4 resinas compostas indiretas. Quarenta amostras cilíndricas foram obtidas com o auxílio de uma matriz de teflon, seguindo-se as recomendações dos fabricantes. Foram obtidas 10 amostras para cada material testado, contituindo-se 4 grupos (n=10) como se segue: G1-Artglass; G2-Sinfony; G3-Solidex; G4-Targis. A microdureza foi determinada pela técnica da indentação Vickers com uma carga de 300g por 10 segundos. Quatro indentações foram realizadas em cada amostra, obtendo-se um valor médio. Os dados da análise estatística descritiva para cada condição experimental foram: G1-Artglass (média ± desvio padrão:55,26 ± 1,15HVN; mediana: 52,6); G2- Sinfony (31,22 ± 0,65HVN; 31,30); G3- Solidex (52,25 ± 1,55HVN; 52,60); G4- Targis (72,14 ± 2,82HVN; 73,30). Uma análise exploratória dos dados foi realizada para determinar o teste estatístico mais apropriado: (I) Teste de Levene para variâncias homogêneas; (II) Teste de ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis); (III) Teste de comparação múltipla de Dunn. O Targis apresentou os maiores valores de microdureza, enquanto que o Sinfony apresentou os menores valores. O Artglass e o Solidex se comportaram como materiais intermediários. Estes resultados indicaram que propriedades mecânicas distintas podem ser observadas nos materiais. A composição de cada material, bem como as variações nos métodos de polimerização são possivelmente responsáveis pelas diferenças observadas na microdureza. Portanto, materiais resinosos indiretos que garantam estética e propriedades mecânicas satisfatórias podem ser considerados como substitutos dos dentes naturais.
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- 2003
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33. Properties of zirconia-containing glass-ionomer cement
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T. M. T. C. Melo, Luís Eduardo Silva Soares, Ayrton de Sá Brandim, and I. R. de Oliveira
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Materials science ,Composite number ,Glass ionomer cement ,glass ionomer ,Indentation hardness ,microdureza ,Dentin ,medicine ,Cubic zirconia ,Composite material ,roughness ,rugosidade ,zircônia ,Enamel paint ,compressive strength ,resistência à compressão ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Compressive strength ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,visual_art ,microhardness ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Particle size ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,zirconia ,ionômero de vidro - Abstract
Glass-ionomer cements (GICs) are used as restorative dental materials due to their capacity to chemically adhere to enamel and dentin, low thermal expansion coefficient, and compatibility with dental structures. However, these materials have low resistance to wear and fracture. In this work, zirconia-reinforced GICs were prepared to evaluate the influence of particle size as well as ZrO2 content on their properties. All evaluated composites presented compressive strength values above the pure GIC strength. The highest compressive strength values were obtained with the addition of 8.5 wt% ZrO2. The average roughness obtained was not significantly changed compared to commercial GIC and the lowest value was for the composite with 10 wt% ZrO2 (50 mesh). In the microhardness test, the highest values were obtained with the addition of 8.5 wt% of ZrO2. Therefore, the results indicated that the addition of ZrO2 to GIC is an effective alternative to improve the quality of dental restorations. Resumo Cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIVs) são utilizados como materiais restauradores dentários devido à sua capacidade de aderir quimicamente ao esmalte e à dentina, baixo coeficiente de expansão térmica e compatibilidade com estruturas dentárias. No entanto, esses materiais têm baixa resistência ao desgaste e fraturas. Neste trabalho, CIVs reforçados com ZrO2 foram preparados para avaliar a influência do tamanho de partícula e do teor de ZrO2 em suas propriedades. Os maiores valores de resistência à compressão foram obtidos com a adição de 8,5 %p de ZrO2. A rugosidade média obtida não foi significativamente alterada em comparação com o CIV comercial e o valor mais baixo foi obtido para o compósito com 10% de ZrO2 (50 mesh). No teste de microdureza, os maiores valores foram obtidos com a adição de 8,5 %p de ZrO2. Portanto, os resultados indicaram que a adição de ZrO2 ao CIV é uma alternativa eficaz para melhorar a qualidade das restaurações dentárias.
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- 2019
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34. Efeitos da radioterapia nas propriedades biomecânicas e procedimentos adesivos à dentina humana
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Renata Borges Rodrigues, Soares, Carlos José, Simamoto, Veridiana Resende Novais, Quagliatto, Paulo Sérgio, and Correr Sobrinho, Lourenco
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Materials science ,Radiotherapy ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Dentine ,Módulo de elasticidade, Radioterapia ,Microtensile ,FTIR ,Microtração ,Microhardness ,Materiais dentários ,Dentina ,Composite material ,Microdureza ,Elastic modulus - Abstract
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effects of radiotherapy in the biomechanical properties of dentine and microtensile bond strength (μTBS), performed either before or after radiotherapy. Chemical changes (ATR-FTIR) and mechanical properties (Vickers Microhardness - VHN and Elastic Modulus - E) (n=5) was evaluated comparing control and irradiated group. Radiotherapy was defined by application of 72 Gy dose fractionally with daily exposures of 1.8 Gy, 5 days a week, over 8 weeks. μTBS was made to compare three groups (n=10): C control, which received no irradiation; IrB - specimens were irradiated before restoration placement, and IrA - irradiated after restoration placement. After restorations were constructed, specimens were stored in distilled water for three months. Resin dentine sticks were prepared (1.0 mm2) and submitted to microtensile test followed by analysis of the pattern of failure. A tooth of each group was prepared incorporating the colorant Rhodamine and Fluorescein the primer and bond of adhesive system, to evaluation of the bond interface by confocal microscopy. The calculation of the percentage ratio between the areas of bands measured by FTIR showed an increased absorption for all bands of the irradiated group. Two-Way ANOVA showed an increase of dentine VHN after 72 Gy (p = 0.005) and a decrease of E (p < 0.001) compared with non-irradiated dentine. For μTBS there was difference in the bond strength values between evaluated groups, and the group was IrA which presented the lowest bond strength values. It was concluded that FTIR showed that the radiation alter the absorption bands of organic and inorganic content of the dentin, but was not able to damage triple helical conformation of collagen. The mechanical properties were changed. There was an increase in the VHN and decreased E. Radiotherapy performed before restoring affected the bond strength to dentin. There was a pattern of permeable adhesive interface for IrA group as well as higher prevalence of cohesive failures in this group. O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar os efeitos da radioterapia nas propriedades biomecânicas da dentina e na resistência de união de restaurações adesivas realizadas antes ou após a radioterapia. As alterações químicas (FTIR-ATR) e propriedades mecânicas (microdureza Vickers - VHN e módulo de elasticidade - E) (n = 5) foram avaliadas comparando o grupo controle e grupo irradiado. A radioterapia foi definida pela aplicação de 72 Gy de dose fracionada com exposição diária de 1,8 Gy, 5 dias por semana, durante 8 semanas. Teste de resistência de união foi realizado para comparar três grupos (n = 10): C - controle, dentes que não receberam irradiação; IrD - amostras foram irradiadas após a confecção de restauração, e IrA os dentes foram irradiados e depois foi feita a confecção da restauração. Após a confecção das restaurações, as amostras foram armazenadas em água destilada, trocada semanalmente, por três meses. Em seguida, amostras em formato de palito com área de 1,0 mm2 de interface resina-dentina foram preparadas e submetidas ao teste de microtração, seguida da análise do padrão de falha. Um dente de cada grupo foi preparado incorporando o corante Rodamina e Fluoresceína no primer e no bond do sistema adesivo, para avaliação da interface de união por meio de microscopia confocal. O cálculo da razão percentual entre as áreas das bandas avaliadas pelo FTIR mostrou um aumento da absorção para todas as bandas do grupo irradiado. Two-Way ANOVA mostrou aumento da VHN da dentina após irradiação (p = 0,005) e diminuição de E (p
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- 2021
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35. Deposition of Nb rich coatings on ASTM AH36 steel by submersed arc welding
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Pollnow, Edilson Nunes and Osório, Alice Gonçalves
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Wear resistance ,NbC ,SAW ,Microhardness ,Fe2Nb ,Ciência e engenharia de materiais ,Microdureza ,Resistência ao desgaste ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA [CNPQ] - Abstract
Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2021-08-05T18:18:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Edilson_Nunes_Pollnow.pdf: 13051352 bytes, checksum: d5b9dec36dd6c787ac7a00d9f9ba6b00 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-05T18:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Edilson_Nunes_Pollnow.pdf: 13051352 bytes, checksum: d5b9dec36dd6c787ac7a00d9f9ba6b00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-04-23 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES O cenário mundial atual retrata uma situação de desabastecimento mundial de matérias-primas e elevação do preço das mesmas. As economias que já ansiavam por peças e equipamentos mais duráveis, neste panorama necessitam ainda mais de solução de engenharia para aumentar a vida útil ou suprimir o desgaste destas peças e equipamentos. Com base nisso, este estudo buscou aliar a engenharia de superfícies com a engenharia de soldagem na tentativa de obtenção de um revestimento rico em Nióbio através da deposição por soldagem a arco submerso, pois esta é uma técnica que permite altas taxas de deposição, é de grande simplicidade técnica e com custo relativamente baixo. Esta pesquisa consistiu na adição de uma liga de FeNbC em percentuais de 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% em peso a um fluxo básico comercial. Essa mistura foi adicionada como fluxo na soldagem a arco submerso como forma de transportar Nb para a microestrutura do revestimento e tentar melhorar as propriedades mecânicas e de resistência ao desgaste abrasivo. Para caracterização do revestimento, foram analisadas as características microestruturais, como a presença das fases nos revestimentos, com o auxílio de microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura; a microdureza através de um microdurômetro Vickers e as características de resistência ao desgaste abrasivo, como a perda de massa com o auxílio de um abrasômetro tipo roda de borracha e os mecanismos de desgaste avaliados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados apontaram sucesso na obtenção dos revestimentos, bem como que estes formaram uma microestrutura rica em Fe2Nb e NbC. A formação de fases ricas em Nb elevaram a microdureza dos revestimentos, com incrementos de até 120% e, também elevaram a capacidade de resistir ao desgaste abrasivo a valores superiores ao aço microligado que era o metal de base. Ocorreram mudanças nos mecanismos de desgaste abrasivo, que sem a adição de Nb eram predominantemente por deformação plástica, e quando adicionados até 15% de FeNbC passaram a ser por micro-corte e micro-sulcamento. The current world scenario portrays a situation of global shortage of raw materials and an increase in their prices. The economies that already yearned for more durable parts and equipment, in this panorama need even more engineering solution to increase the useful life or to suppress the wear and tear of these parts and equipment. Based on this, this study sought to combine surface engineering with welding engineering in an attempt to obtain a niobium-rich coating through submerged arc welding deposition, as this is a technique that allows high deposition rates, great technical simplicity and relatively low cost. This research consisted of adding a FeNbC alloy in percentages of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% by weight to a basic commercial flow. This mixture was added as a flux in submerged arc welding as a way of transporting Nb to the microstructure of the coating and trying to improve the mechanical properties and resistance to abrasive wear. To characterize the coating, microstructural characteristics were analyzed, such as the presence of the coating phases, with the aid of optical microscopy and scanning electron; microhardness through a Vickers micro-durometer and characteristics of resistance to abrasive wear, such as loss of mass with the aid of a rubber wheel type abrasometer and the wear mechanisms evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed success in obtaining the coatings, as well as that they formed a microstructure rich in Fe2Nb and NbC. The formation of Nb-rich phases increased the microhardness of the coatings, with increments of up to 120%, and also increased the ability to resist abrasive wear to values higher than the microalloyed steel that was the base metal. There were changes in the mechanisms of abrasive wear, which without the addition of Nb were predominantly due to plastic deformation, and when added up to 15% of FeNbC they became by micro-cutting and micro-plowing.
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- 2021
36. Micro Hardness of Dental Tissues Influenced by Administration of Aspirin During Pregnancy.
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Nazir, Shakila, Ali, Ashraf, and Zaidi, Shoaib
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ASPIRIN , *SALICYLIC acid , *TISSUES , *INCISORS , *TEETH - Abstract
The study is associated with the effect of aspirin (Acetyl Salicylic Acid) on the microhardness of mineralized tissues of the offspring's teeth, in response to the ingestion of the drug during pregnancy. Aspirin is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic medicine, for symptomatic treatment. Misuse of this drug during pregnancy may instigate developmental defects in offspring. An experimental control study was designed, in which female rabbits were taken as representative mammalian models and treated with aspirin during pregnancy. Their offspring's teeth were used to assess the microhardness of dental tissues. The rabbits were alienated into two groups, treated and control, consisting of seven rabbits in each set (n= 7). Microhardness was evaluated in three types of the sample teeth. The total number of teethexamined were, 2×7×12= 168 samples. Vicker's Hardness degree values were measured and recorded vis-à-vis (50 g for 15 s with 3 indentations per specimen on enamel and dentine separately). The range of hardness obtained was statistically analyzed and the Student's t-tests was applied, with the aid of SPSS version 20. The P-values for bothenamel and dentine from maxillary incisors and molars were less than 0.05. The same trend was observed in the mandibular teeth. However, a teratogenicity of Acetyl Salicylic Acid was pragmatic in the recent in vivo studies. Based on the analysis, it was evident that the aspirin administration could produce negative effects leading to reduction in the microhardness of dental tissues of the offsprings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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37. Grinding of AISI 4340 steel with interrupted cutting by aluminum oxide grinding wheel.
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de Mello, Hamilton Jose, de Mello, Diego Rafael, Bianchi, Eduardo Carlos, de Aguiar, Paulo Roberto, and D'Addona, Doriana M.
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METAL grinding & polishing , *STEELWORK , *GRINDING wheels , *MICROHARDNESS testing , *ROUNDNESS measurement - Abstract
There has been a great advance in the grinding process by the development of dressing, lubri-refrigeration and other methods. Nevertheless, all of these advances were gained only for continuous cutting; in other words, the ground workpiece profile remains unchanged. Hence, it becomes necessary to study grinding process using intermittent cutting (grooved workpiece - discontinuous cutting), as little or no knowledge and studies have been developed for this purpose, since there is nothing found in formal literature, except for grooved grinding wheels. During the grinding process, heat generated in the cutting zone is extremely high. Therefore, plenty of cutting fluids are essential to cool not only the workpiece but also the grinding wheel, improving the grinding process. In this paper, grinding trials were performed using a conventional aluminum oxide grinding wheel, testing samples made of AISI 4340 steel quenched and tempered with 2, 6, and 12 grooves. The cylindrical plunge grinding was performed by rotating the workpiece on the grinding wheel. This plunge movement was made at three different speeds. From the obtained results, it can be observed that roughness tended to increase for testing sample with the same number of grooves, as rotation speed increased. Roundness error also tended to increase as the speed rotation process got higher for testing the sample with the same number of grooves. Grinding wheel wear enhanced as rotation speed and number of grooves increased. Power consumed by the grinding machine was inversely proportional to the number of grooves. Subsuperficial microhardness had no significant change. Micrographs reveal an optimal machining operation as there was no significant damage on the machined surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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38. Microestructura y propiedades mecánicas de las fases fundamentales del Clinker
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Castro Puerta, Camila Andrea and Ossa Henao, Edgar Alexander
- Subjects
Microdurómetro ,Belite ,CEMENTO ,Vickers hardness ,Microdurometer ,Dureza Vickers ,Belita ,Microhardness ,Alita ,Microindentación ,INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN ,Clinker ,CEMENTO - PRUEBAS ,Microdureza ,Microindentation - Abstract
Debido a la alta importancia que tiene el cemento entre los materiales de construcción, en el presente trabajo se determinaron las propiedades micromecánicas de las fases principales del Clinker. Se realizo una investigación inicial sobre la historia y fabricación del Clinker, la función de cada una de las fases y su proceso de hidratación, concluyendo que la alita y la belita son las fases que aportan la resistencia mecánica al cemento hidratado y por tanto las fases a las que se les analizo su resistencia. Para tener una referencia se buscó trabajos de investigación previos con datos de Dureza de estas dos fases. Para la parte experimental se prepararon las muestras de rocas de Clinker embebiéndolas en epóxico y puliéndolas cuidadosamente, se buscaron diferentes químicos de ataque para la diferenciación de las fases, una vez identificadas, se realizó el ensayo de dureza Vickers con un micro-durómetro, con un indentador de diamante en forma de pirámide de base cuadrada, se explica como obtener la carga ideal a la que se debe indentar este material. Una vez finalizadas las indentaciones se hizo un análisis de datos por medio de un análisis de varianza de un factor, donde se concluyeron validos los valores de dureza obtenidos que adicionalmente se encuentran en concordancia con lo encontrado en la literatura y son los siguientes HvAlita=9.26GPa y HvBelita=7.03GPa. Adicional a la dureza se analizó la tenacidad aparente a la fractura, de la cual se obtuvieron datos muy dispersos, en especial en la belita donde las fracturas no se presentaron en las esquinas., Due to the high importance of the cement between the construction material, in the present work the micromechanical properties of the main clinker phases was determined. There was an initial investigation of the history and fabrication of the Clinker, the function of each of its phases, and its hydration process, concluding that the alite and the belite are the phases that provides the mechanical resistance to the hydrated cement therefore the phases to which their resistance was analyzed. For a reference the hardness of previous research works was sought for both phases. For the experimental part the samples of clinker rock were prepared, were embedded in epoxy and polished carefully, different attack chemicals were searched for the phase differentiation, once the identification was achieved, the Vickers hardness test was performed with a micro-hardness tester, with a pyramid-shaped diamond indenter with a square base, it is explained how to obtain the ideal load at which this material should be indented. Once the indentations were completed, a data analysis was performed by means of a onefactor analysis of variance, where the hardness values obtained were concluded to be valid, which additionally are in accordance with those found in the literature and are the following: HvAlita=9.26GPa y HvBelita=7.03GPa. In addition to the hardness, apparent fracture toughness was analyzed, for which very scattered data were obtained, especially in belite where fractures did not occur in the corners.
- Published
- 2021
39. Avaliação do aquecimento de amostras de aço imersas em plasma
- Author
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Natália de Freitas Daudt, Diego Michael Cornelius dos Santos, Bruno Cuchi Bordignon, Otávio Henrique de Andrade Disconzi, Júlia Beltrame Bisogno, and Inácio da Fontoura Limberger
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Aço ao carbono ,heat treatment ,Tratamento térmico ,heat transfer ,microhardness ,carbon steel ,General Physics and Astronomy ,plasma heating ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Transferência de calor ,Microdureza ,Aquecimento em plasma - Abstract
RESUMO Processos assistidos por plasma tem diversas aplicações industrias como a nitretação de aços, sinterização, deposição de filmes finos e produção de semicondutores. A taxa de aquecimento, transferência de calor e temperatura têm um papel fundamental nas propriedades dos materiais imersos em um plasma. Contudo, um dos desafios do processamento de materiais por plasma é medir com precisão a transferência de calor e a temperatura, particularmente em regiões especificas da amostra, uma vez que pode haver a presença picos térmicos, aumentando localmente a temperatura. Além disso, há diversos parâmetros como a composição da atmosfera, potência, pressão e a composição da amostra que podem afetar a difusão, o transporte de massa e a taxa de aquecimento no plasma. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a homogeneidade do aquecimento de amostras de aços revenidas em plasma de argônio e comparar com o aquecimento em forno resistivo. Para este propósito, a microestrutura e a dureza de amostras revenidas em plasma foram comparadas às amostras revenidas em forno resistivo. Desse modo, foi possível determinar a temperatura equivalente de um sólido imerso em plasma. Tendo em vista o grande interesse industrial em processos de nitretação a plasma, neste estudo o aquecimento de amostras de aços imersas em plasma foi avaliado em um reator típico de nitretação a plasma. Para tal, amostras de aço SAE 1045 e 8640 foram temperadas e em seguida revenidas em plasma. As amostras revenidas em plasma mostraram uma maior perda de dureza para o tratamento na mesma temperatura (medida no porta-amostra) do que as amostras revenidas convencionalmente. Este resultado foi relacionado aos picos térmicos durante o aquecimento a plasma. Um modelo matemático para determinar a temperatura equivalente durante o revenimento a plasma foi proposto. Este modelo poderá ser aplicado para desenvolver estratégias para otimizar os parâmetros do plasma, visando melhorar as propriedades dos materiais. ABSTRACT Plasma-assisted processes have several industrial applications such as steel nitriding, sintering, thin film deposition and semiconductor production. Heating rate, heat transfer and temperature play a key role in the properties of materials immersed in a plasma. However, one of the challenges of plasma processing of materials it is to accurately measure the heat transfer and the temperature, particularly in a specific region of the sample, as there may be thermal spikes, raising locally the temperature. Furthermore, there are several parameters such as plasma atmosphere composition, power, pressure and sample composition that can affect diffusion, mass transport and plasma heating rate. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the heating homogeneity of tempered steel samples in argon plasma and compare it to heating in a resistive furnace. For this purpose, microstructure and hardness of plasma tempered samples were compared to samples conventionally tempered in a resistive furnace, so that the equivalent temperature of a solid immersed in a plasma could be determined. In view of the great industrial interest on plasma nitring process, in this study the heating of steel samples immersed in plasma in a typical plasma nitriding chamber was evaluated. For that samples made of SAE 1045 and SAE 8640 steel were quenched and then tempered in plasma. The plasma tempered samples showed a much smaller hardness for treatment at same measured temperature than conventionally tempered samples. This result was related to thermal spikes during plasma heating. A mathematical model to set the equivalent temperature during plasma tempering was proposed. From this model it is expected to develop strategies to optimize plasma parameters, aiming on improving materials properties.
- Published
- 2021
40. Propiedades mecánicas a bajas y altas temperaturas del óxido de erbio
- Author
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Mamani Calcina, Elmer Antonio, Jiménez Melendo, Manuel, Silva Vela, Alejandro, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, and Silva Vela, Alejandro Oscar
- Subjects
propiedades mecánicas ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.05.01 [https] ,microstructure ,microdureza ,microhardness ,erbium oxide ,Óxido de erbio ,mechanical properties ,microestructura ,creep ,fluencia - Abstract
Se han investigado las propiedades mecánicas del óxido de erbio (Er2O3) a temperatura ambiente y a altas temperaturas; existe un número muy escaso de estudios relativos al comportamiento mecánico de la erbia a bajas temperaturas, y ninguno a temperaturas elevadas. Para ello, se han preparado muestras sinterizadas a partir de polvo comercial de Er2O3 con una pureza del 99.9%. Tras la molienda y compactación del polvo, se sinterizó a 1500 °C en aire durante 10 h, obteniendo una densidad relativa del 95%. Las observaciones microestructurales muestran una distribución de granos equiaxiada y muy fina, con un tamaño de grano medio de 0.25 m. Se han realizado ensayos de calorimetría diferencial de barrido y de termogravimetría sobre el compuesto sinterizado para determinar su estabilidad térmica y estructural desde temperatura ambiente hasta 1400 °C bajo diferentes ambientes (oxidante, inerte y reductor). Se han realizado ensayos mecánicos a temperatura ambiente para determinar su microdureza Vickers y Bercovich, tenacidad a la fractura y módulo de Young. Las propiedades mecánicas a alta temperatura se han determinado por ensayos de compresión a velocidad de deformación constante (1.7x10-5 s-1 y 3.3x10-5 s-1) a temperaturas entre 1200 y 1300 °C. En este intervalo de solicitación se ha observado una transición frágil-dúctil. En el régimen de ductilidad se han determinado el exponente de tensión y la energía de activación de fluencia, que caracterizan el mecanismo de deformación plástica. Finalmente se han realizado simulaciones por el método de elementos finitos del comportamiento en fluencia del compuesto, que se han comparado con los resultados experimentales. Las distintas propiedades medidas del óxido de erbio se han comparado con las de otros materiales mediante los diagramas de Ashby. The mechanical properties of erbium oxide (Er2O3) have been investigated at room and high temperatures; at present, there are no studies that address the creep behavior of erbia at elevated temperatures, and the studies at low temperatures are very scarce. To this end, sintered samples have been prepared from commercial Er2O3 powder with a purity of 99.9%. After grinding and compacting the powder, it was sintered at 1500 ° C in air for 10 h, obtaining a relative density of 95%. Microstructural observations show a very fine and equiaxed grain distribution, with a mean grain size of 0.25 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry tests have been carried out on the sintered compound to determine its thermal and structural stability from room temperature up to 1400 °C under different environments (oxidizing, inert and reducing atmospheres). Mechanical tests have been carried out at room temperature to determine the Vickers and Bercovich microhardness, fracture toughness and Young's modulus. The high temperature mechanical properties have been determined by compressive tests at constant strain rate (1.7x10-5 s-1 and 3.3 x10-5 s-1) at temperatures between 1200 and 1300 °C. In these experimental conditions, a brittle-to-ductile transition has been observed. In the ductile regime, the stress exponent and the creep activation energy have been measured, which characterize the plastic deformation mechanism. Finally, finite element simulations of the creep behavior have been carried and compared with the experimental results. The various measured properties of erbium oxide have been compared with those of other materials using Ashby diagrams.
- Published
- 2021
41. Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas de recubrimientos multicapa de espaciado sub-micrométrico
- Author
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Rodríguez, R. J., Medrano, A., Rico, M., Lerga, B., Martínez, R., Bueno, R., and García, J. A.
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PVD ,multilayers ,tribology ,microhardness ,wear ,friction ,multicapas ,tribología ,microdureza ,desgaste ,fricción ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
This work gathers a comparative study of the mechanical and tribological behaviour (microhardness under load, Young modulus, elasticplastic properties, friction and wear coefficients) of TiN/CrN and TiN/AlTiN multilayers deposited by conventional industrial PVD techniques. PVD multilayers with about between 50 nm individual layer thickness were deposited on flat samples of Co-cemented WC achieving a total thickness of about 2 microns. Mechanical and Tribological tests include microhardness under load at final loads between 10 mN aand 750 mN, Young modulus calculations and friction and wear tests.El presente trabajo recoge un estudio comparativo de las propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas (microdureza, fluencia, módulo elástico, coeficientes de fricción y desgaste), de multicapas TiN/AlTiN y TiN/CrN depositadas mediante técnicas industriales de PVD. Las capas, de espesores comprendidos entre 25nm y 100nm, se depositaron secuencialmente sobre substratos de WC, hasta obtener un espesor total de unas 2 micras. El estudio mecánico y tribológico comparativo incluyó ensayos de microdureza a cargas entre 10 mN y 750 mN, módulo elástico, comportamiento frente a fluencia y coeficientes de fricción y desgaste.
- Published
- 2004
42. Obtención de microestructuras de grano ultrafino en aleaciones de aluminio mediante extrusión en canal angular (ECAE)
- Author
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Alkorta, J., García-Rosales, C., and Gil, J.
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Equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) ,Microhardness ,Texture ,EBSD ,Ultrafine grained (UFG) structures ,Extrusión en canal angular (ECAE) ,Microdureza ,Textura ,Estructuras de grano ultrafino ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
Al 5083 samples have been subjected to 90º equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at 270ºC. After ECAE, the microhardness was measured and the texture for the plane perpendicular to the extrusion direction was analysed by X-Rays and EBSD. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy and EBSD. As deformation accumulates the hardness increases until it reaches saturation at an effective strain of about ε∼4. With regard to the texture, it has been shown that a high density of {111} planes are oriented parallel to the shear plane of the last pass.Varias muestras de aluminio 5083 se han sometido a extrusiones en canal angular de 90º a 270ºC. A continuación se midieron las durezas de las muestras obtenidas y se caracterizó la textura en el plano perpendicular a la dirección de extrusión mediante Rayos-X y difracción de electrones retrodispersados (EBSD). La caracterización microestructural se hizo mediante microscopio óptico y EBSD. Se ha observado que la dureza aumenta sensiblemente con el grado de deformación y que alcanza un nivel máximo de saturación a partir de ε∼4. En cuanto a la textura, se observa que los planos {111} tienden a orientarse paralelos al plano de la última cortadura.
- Published
- 2004
43. Desenvolvimento de ligas sinterizadas de níquel para aplicações como matriz de materiais compósitos.
- Author
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Parucker, M. L. and Klein, A. N.
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Materiais e Processos is the property of Revista Eletronica de Materiaia e Processos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
44. Retificação plana tangencial dos ferros fundidos nodular, vermicular e cinzento em várias condições de corte
- Author
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Mariana Landim Silveira Lima, Silva, Rosemar Batista da, Silva, Márcio Bacci da, and Bianchi, Eduardo Carlos
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Rugosidade ,Grinding ,Ferro fundido nodular ,Ferro fundido cinzento ,Engenharia mecânica ,Compacted graphite iron ,Roughness ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA MECANICA [CNPQ] ,Ferro fundido ,Nodular cast iron ,Microhardness ,Retificação e polimento ,Gray cast iron ,Retificação ,Microdureza ,Ferro fundido vermicular ,Surface burning ,Queima de retificação - Abstract
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Em um cenário de crescente competitividade do setor industrial global aliado a um mercado consumidor cada vez mais exigente, há um aumento da demanda por novos materiais, que, por sua vez, impulsiona novas pesquisas e avanços tecnológicos no desenvolvimento de novos métodos de fabricação ou no aprimoramento daqueles já existentes. No caso dos ferros fundidos, novas classes também foram desenvolvidas de forma que suas propriedades mecânicas foram aprimoradas, tornando-os ainda mais competitivos em relação aos aços, ampliando as aplicações e, portanto, representando grande ganho econômico para os setores de metalurgia e de fabricação. Com isso, aumenta-se o interesse e criam-se novas oportunidades para estudar estes materiais e identificar como eles respondem em termos de integridade da superfície, desgaste de ferramenta, forças de corte, dentre outros, ao serem processados pelos processos de retificação, por exemplo. Neste contexto, devido à escassez de trabalhos na literatura apresentando resultados de processos de retificação e sobre a retificabilidade entre classes de ferros fundidos, este trabalho visou gerar contribuição científica e tecnológica para o setor metal mecânico por meio de resultados de rugosidade (Ra e Rz) e avaliação da integridade subsuperficial de três classes de ferros fundidos (cinzento, vermicular e nodular) que foram retificados com rebolo de carbeto de silício em diferentes condições de corte. Foram variadas a penetração de trabalho (15 μm e 30 μm), velocidade da mesa (vw) (5 e 10 m/min) e o tamanho do grão abrasivo médio do rebolo. Os resultados mostraram que rugosidade aumentou com a penetração de trabalho para todos os materiais testados; e os menores valores foram obtidos para ferro fundido cinzento. A rugosidade também se mostrou sensível a variação da velocidade longitudinal da mesa e os menores valores foram obtidos para vw = 5 m/min. Com relação ao tamanho do grão do rebolo, à medida que este diminuiu a rugosidade aumentou para os ferros fundidos cinzento e nodular. Além disso, a queima de retificação foi observada nas superfícies dos ferros fundidos nodular e vermicular após a retificação com o rebolo com grãos menores, contrariando o que normalmente é relatado na literatura. No entanto, pelos resultados de microdureza e imagens obtidas via MEV constatou-se que não houve evidência de danos severos abaixo das superfícies retificadas. In a scenario of increasing competitiveness of the global industrial sector and with a consumer market increasingly demanding, there is an increased demand for new materials and, consequently, possibilities to explore new research and technological advances towards the development of new manufacturing methods or the improvement of existing technologies. In the case of cast irons, new grades of them have been developed so that their mechanical properties have been improved, making them more competitive with steel, expanding the applications and thus represents great economic gain for metallurgy and manufacturing sectors. This increases the interest and creates new opportunities to study these materials and identify how they respond in terms of the surface integrity, tool wear, cutting forces, among others, when machined by grinding operation. In this context, due to the lack of results from grinding of cast irons and studies comparing grindability among several grades of cast irons found in the literature, this work aims to generate scientific and technological contribution to the metallurgical and metal working sector through roughness results (Ra and Rz parameters) and evaluation and analysis of the subsurface integrity of three cast iron grades (gray, compacted graphite and nodular). The machining trials were performed on a surface grinding machine with silicon carbide grinding wheel at different cutting conditions. The input variables were the radial depth of cut (15 and 30 μm), worktable speed, vw (5 and 10 m/min) and the abrasive grain size of the grinding wheel. The results showed that surface roughness increased with the radial depth of cut for all materials tested; and the lowest values were obtained for gray cast iron. Also, roughness was sensitive to variation of worktable speed and the lowest values were obtained after machining with vw = 5 m/min. With respect to the abrasive grain size, as it decreased the roughness values increased to gray and nodular cast iron grades. Furthermore, grinding burns marks were observed on the surfaces of nodular cast iron and compacted graphite iron grades after grinding the smallest grain size, contrary to what is usually reported in literature. However, no evidence of severe thermal damages below the machined surfaces of all cast iron grades was observed after analyzing the results of hardness and the SEM micrograph images. Dissertação (Mestrado)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Caracterización morfológica de polvos cerámicos para la fabricación de recubrimientos termorrociados.
- Author
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Romero-Plaz, Miriam del Rosario, Hernández, Andreina Palomo, Liscano-Durán, Sugehis María, and Padilla-Marín, Penélope
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CERAMIC coating ,COATINGS industry ,COATING processes ,PROTECTIVE coatings ,MORPHOLOGY ,MICROHARDNESS ,POROSITY - Abstract
Copyright of Iteckne is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Division de Ingenierias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Influencia de la densidad de corriente y la agitación mecánica en el proceso de electrodeposición de aleaciones Zn-Ni
- Author
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Costa, Josiane Dantas, Oliveira, José Anderson Machado, Oliveira, Alison Silva, Raulino, Anamélia de Medeiros Dantas, Raulino, José Leonardo Costa, Almeida, Arthur Filgueira de, Campos, Ana Regina Nascimento, and Santana, Renato Alexandre Costa de
- Subjects
Eletrodeposição ,Liga Zn-Ni ,Chemical composition ,Diseño factorial ,Composição química ,Planejamento fatorial ,Factorial design ,Electrodeposición ,Electrodeposition ,Microhardness ,Zn-Ni alloy ,Composición química ,Aleación de Zn-Ni ,Microdureza - Abstract
The effects of current density and mechanical agitation of the bath in the electrodeposition process to obtain the Zn-Ni alloy were evaluated. An electrolytic bath was used consisted of nickel sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium sulfate, boric acid and sodium citrate at pH 7.0. The current density was evaluated in the range of 10-50 mA / cm², and, for mechanical agitation, it was evaluated in the range of 30-70 rpm. As optimization tool, a complete 2² factorial design was used with three central elements associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). It was observed that the increase in current density and in mechanical agitation caused an increase in the atomic percentage of nickel in the coatings. The percentage of zinc increased with decreasing current density. The optimum nickel value obtained was 39 at.%. The electrodeposition was anomalous. The microhardness increased with the increase in the percentage of nickel and with the decrease in the percentage of Zn in the coating. The coatings showed nodules on the surface with different sizes and shapes. Se evaluaron los efectos de la densidad de corriente y la agitación mecánica del baño en el proceso de electrodeposición para obtener la aleación de Zn-Ni. Se usó un baño electrolítico que consistía en sulfato de níquel, sulfato de zinc, sulfato de sodio, ácido bórico y citrato de sodio a pH 7,0. La densidad de corriente se evaluó en el rango de 10-50 mA / cm² y para la agitación mecánica se evaluó en el rango de 30-70 rpm. Como herramienta de optimización, se utilizó un diseño factorial completo de 2² con tres elementos centrales asociados con la metodología de superficie de respuesta. Se observó que el aumento en la densidad de corriente y la agitación mecánica causaron un aumento en el porcentaje atómico de níquel en los recubrimientos. El porcentaje de zinc aumentó al disminuir la densidad de corriente. El valor óptimo de níquel obtenido fue del 39%. La electrodeposición fue anómala. La microdureza aumenta con el aumento en el porcentaje de níquel y disminuye en el porcentaje de Zn en el recubrimiento. Los recubrimientos mostraron nódulos en la superficie con diferentes tamaños y formas. Foram avaliados os efeitos da densidade de corrente e agitação mecânica do banho no processo de eletrodeposição para obtenção da liga Zn-Ni. Foi utilizado um banho eletrolítico constituído de sulfato de níquel, sulfato de zinco, sulfato de sódio, ácido bórico e citrato de sódio em pH 7,0. A densidade de corrente foi avaliada na faixa de 10-50 mA/cm² e para a agitação mecânica foi avaliada na faixa de 30-70 rpm. Como ferramenta de otimização, foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial completo 2² com três elementos centrais associado à Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR). Foi observado que o aumento da densidade de corrente e da agitação mecânica provocou o aumento do percentual atômico de níquel nos revestimentos. O percentual de zinco aumentou com a diminuição da densidade de corrente. O ponto ótimo de níquel obtido foi de 39 at.%. A eletrodeposição foi do tipo anômala. A microdureza aumentou com o aumento do percentual de níquel e com a diminuição do percentual de Zn no revestimento. Os revestimentos apresentaram nódulos na superfície com diferentes tamanhos e formas.
- Published
- 2020
47. Production of wear resistance coating by laser cladding using glassy powders of fe-co-nb-b-(y) alloy system
- Author
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Lucena, Felipe Amélio de and Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
- Subjects
Coating ,Fe-based bulk metallic glasses ,Wear ,Microhardness ,Liga vítrea à base de Fe ,Pós atomizados ,Supercooled liquid ,Microdureza ,Desgaste ,Laser cladding ,Pin on disk ,ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA [ENGENHARIAS] - Abstract
Não recebi financiamento Industrial components can be subjected to a high level of surface wear it necessary to search for new wear-resistant alloys to improve the performance and safety of the components. The objective of this work was to produce laser coatings with high hardness and high wear resistance. Three new vitreous alloys of the Fe-Co-Nb-B-Y system were produced in the arc furnace integrated with the suction system using commercial raw materials (Fe-Nb and Fe-B ferroalloys). Subsequently, through the high energy milling process of the splat plates (> 10 cm) generated during gas atomization, powders (∅ 10 cm), geradas durante a atomização, foram formados pós (∅
- Published
- 2020
48. The Influence of the initial size of the Yttrium Oxide stabilized tetragonal phase Zirconium Oxide powder on the formation of a thermal protection barrier
- Author
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Zavaleta, Jhonattan and Bondareva, Olga
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porosidad ,porosity ,NiCoCrAlY and zirconium oxide in tetragonal phase stabilized with yttrium oxide ,microdureza ,proceso de pulverización en plasma ,microhardness ,barreras de protección térmicas ,thermal protection barriers ,NiCrCoAlY y óxido zirconio en fase tetragonal estabilizado con oxido de itrio ,plasma spraying process - Abstract
RESUMEN En este trabajo se estudian los efectos en las propiedades de porosidad y microdureza al usar distintos diámetros de polvos de óxido de circonio en fase tetragonal estabilizado con óxido de itrio (menores a 40 µm, entre 40 a 60 µm y mayores a 80 µm) a depositar en la capa superior de un sistema TBC (barrera de protección térmica) de doble capa conformado por NiCoCrAlY y óxido circonio en fase tetragonal estabilizado con óxido de itrio usando el proceso de pulverización en plasma, con el propósito de encontrar el polvo adecuado y factible de usar como capa superior. Para ello se utilizaron instrumentos como el Microscopio electrónico de barrido TESCAN Vega SB con microanalizador dispersivo INCA Energy electronic microscope con el cual se pudo detectar la porosidad en distintas zonas de evaluación de la capa superior y el durómetro de Vickers para medir la microdureza. Comprobándose que con diámetros de partículas menores a 40 µm las propiedades anteriormente mencionadas son las adecuadas para la conformación de la capa superior de óxido circonio en fase tetragonal estabilizado con oxido de itrio. ABSTRACT In this work we study the effects on the porosity and microhardness properties when using different tetragonal phase zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide as diameters powders (less than 40 μm, between 40 to 60 μm and greater than 80 μm) to deposit in the upper layer of a TBC system (thermal barrier coating) of double layer formed by NiCoCrAlY and tetragonal phase zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide using the plasma spray process, in order to find the suitable powder and feasible to use as top layer. To this end, instruments such as TESCAN Vega SB scanning electron microscope with INCA Energy dispersive microanalyzer were used, with which it was possible to detect the porosity in different areas of evaluation of the upper layer and the Vickers durometer to measure the microhardness. Verifying that with particle diameters smaller than 40 μm, the aforementioned properties are adequate for the conformation of the tetragonal phase zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide such as top layer.
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- 2020
49. Retificação de Inconel 718 com multicamadas de grafeno dispersas em fluido de corte aplicado via técnica MQL
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Déborah de Oliveira, Gelamo, Rogério Valentin, Silva, Rosemar Batista da, Silva, Márcio Bacci da, and Hassui, Amauri
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Rugosidade ,Grinding ,Inconel 718 ,Multicamadas de grafeno ,Residual stress ,Engenharia Mecânica ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA MECANICA::PROCESSOS DE FABRICACAO [CNPQ] ,Surface Roughness ,Fluido de Corte ,Usinagem ,Técnica MQL ,MQL Technique ,Microhardness ,Coolant ,Retificação ,Multilayer Graphene ,Microdureza ,Tensão Residual - Abstract
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Devido às pequenas dimensões dos cavacos e à baixa condutividade térmica dos rebolos convencionais, a maior parte do calor gerado no processo de retificação é transferida para a peça. Dependendo da quantidade de calor, a peça poderá apresentar pobre acabamento, alterações dimensionais e microestruturais que podem comprometer a sua funcionalidade. Este problema é agravado ao usinar superligas, como o Inconel 718, por exemplo, que também possui baixa condutividade térmica, o que dificulta a dissipação do calor durante a usinagem. Por este motivo, a retificação desta liga com rebolos convencionais é geralmente realizada com fluido de corte aplicado com elevadas vazões visando à refrigeração da peça. Mas nos últimos anos, emprego de fluidos em grandes vazões tem sido cada vez mais questionado pelos riscos e problemas de saúde e ambientais envolvidos. Logo, torna-se necessário buscar alternativas que aliem boa refrigeração com menos riscos à saúde humana e ao ambiente. Dentre as várias possibilidades, esta pesquisa investigou a influência de partículas de multicamadas de grafeno adicionadas em fluido de corte de base vegetal na rugosidade e na integridade da sub-superfície do Inconel 718, após a retificação com rebolo de SiC, como também na potência instantânea do processo. Duas diferentes concentrações em peso de grafeno (0,05% e 0,10%) foram testadas e aplicadas via a técnica MQL. Ensaios com fluido de corte sem grafeno via técnica MQL, fluido emulsionável em abundância e na condição a seco também foram realizados para permitir comparações. Os resultados mostraram que a usinagem com a técnica MQL com a menor concentração de grafeno (MQL MG 0,05%) proporcionou os menores valores de rugosidade, a menor variação na microdureza e exigiu menos esforços de usinagem. Esta condição também promoveu menor número de trincas nas superfícies e a geração de tensão residual de compressão em condições mais brandas de usinagem. A microdureza sofreu influência da técnica de lubri-refrigeração e da penetração de trabalho. A técnica MQL MG 0,05% mostrou-se como alternativa tecnicamente viável em relação ao fluido de corte aplicado pela técnica convencional na retificação do Inconel 718 com rebolo abrasivo convencional. Due to the small size of the chips and the low thermal conductivity of the conventional grinding wheels, most of the heat generated in the grinding process goes to the workpiece. Depending on the amount of heat, it can adversely affect surface finish and cause microstructural changes in the workpiece material that may compromise its functionality. This problem becomes worse when machining superalloys, such as Inconel 718, which also has low thermal conductivity and consequently leads to low rate of heat dissipation during machining. For this reason, the grinding of this alloy with conventional grinding wheels is generally carried out at high coolant flow rates in order to cool the workpiece. However, in the last years, various research has been focused on restriction of the use of high volume of coolants because of health and environmental risks related to their use. Therefore, it is necessary to seek alternatives for cutting fluids that combine good refrigeration with lower risks to human health and the environment. Among the several possibilities, this research investigated the influence of multilayer graphene platelets added to a vegetable-based cutting fluid on the surface roughness, surface and subsurface changes of the Inconel 718 after grinding with SiC grinding wheel, as well as on the grinding power. Two different concentrations (%wt) (0.05% and 0.10%) of multilayer graphene were tested and applied via the MQL technique. Tests with graphene-free coolant also applied via MQL technique, flood and dry condition were also performed to allow comparisons. The results showed that grinding with the lowest graphene concentration applied via the MQL technique (MQL MG 0.05%) provided the lowest roughness values and microhardness variation, as well as required less grinding efforts. It was also able to reduce the generation of cracks in the surfaces and resulted in compressive residual stress after grinding under less severe conditions. The microhardness was influenced by the coolinglubrication technique and the radial depth of cut. The MQL MG 0.05% condition proved to be technically viable as an alternative to the use of flood technique in the grinding of Inconel 718 with conventional abrasive wheel. Dissertação (Mestrado) 2024-04-04
- Published
- 2020
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50. Influência da operação de roleteamento sobre a integridade superficial do aço abnt 1020 = Influence of deep rolling on the surface integrity of aisi 1020 steel
- Author
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Santos, Filipe Figueiredo Dos, Silva, Sandro Da Costa, Abrão, Alexandre Mendes, Denkena, Berend, Breidenstein, Bernd, and Meyer, Kolja
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Surface integrity ,Roleteamento ,Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung ,ddc:670 ,Microhardness ,microdureza ,aço ABNT 1020 ,Deep rolling ,AISI 1020 steel ,Roughness ,integridade superficial ,rugosidade - Abstract
Surface integrity refers to a set of characteristics of the surface and subsurface layer that have great influence on the functional performance of mechanical components under conditions of wear, corrosion and fatigue, and is determined by the manufacturing processes employed. Thus, surface treatments are used to generate a surface integrity suited to the desired function. Deep rolling is one of the surface treatments that involve cold working of the surface and subsurface layer. This work addresses the influence of some deep rolling parameters (pressure, speed, feed and number of passes) on the surface integrity (roughness, surface and subsurface microhardness and microstructure) of AISI 1020 low carbon steel. A significant improvement on surface finish was observed after deep rolling, however, the excessive increase in pressure and in feed caused an increase in roughness. Regarding the surface microhardness, it was reduced or remained stable after deep roll-ing. In addition, under all conditions tested deep rolling promoted an increase in the microhardness of the subsurface layer and in the affected depth in comparison to the specimen only turned. However, an elevation in pressure further increased the subsurface microhardness and the affected depth and the subsurface micro-hardness increased slightly with higher feeds and reduced with increasing number of passes, along with the affected depth. Finally, the microstructural analysis showed that deformation increased with pressure and number of passes and reduced with the elevation of speed and feed. © 2020, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. All rights reserved., A integridade superficial corresponde a um conjunto de características da superfície e da camada subsuperficial que tem grande influência sobre o desempenho funcional de componentes mecânicos em condições de desgaste, corrosão e fadiga, e é determinada pelos processos de fabricação empregados. Assim, tratamentos superficiais são utilizados para a geração de uma integridade superficial adequada à função desejada. O roleteamento é um dos tratamentos superficiais que atuam por deformação plástica a frio da superfície e da camada subsuperficial. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a influência de alguns parâmetros de roleteamento (pressão, velocidade, avanço e número de passes) sobre determinadas características da integridade superficial (rugosidade, microdureza superficial e subsuperficial e microestrutura) do aço-carbono ABNT 1020. Observou-se uma melhora significativa do acabamento após o roleteamento, porém a elevação excessiva da pressão e do avanço causou um aumento da rugosidade. Em relação à microdureza da superfície, após o roleteamento ocorreu apenas sua manutenção ou redução. Além disso, em todas as condições avaliadas o roleteamento promoveu um aumento da microdureza subsuperficial e da profundidade afetada em relação aos observados no corpo de prova apenas torneado. Entretanto, a elevação da pressão aumentou ainda mais a microdureza subsuperficial e a profundidade afetada, o aumento do avanço elevou levemente a microdureza subsuperficial e o aumento do número de passes a reduziu, juntamente com a profundidade afetada. A análise microestrutural, por fim, mostrou uma elevação da deformação com o aumento da pressão e do número de passes e uma redução com o aumento da velocidade e do avanço.
- Published
- 2020
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