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This research proposes the application of fractional‐order sliding mode control (FOSMC) at the primary controller level to improve the stability of an islanded microgrid by adjusting its voltage and frequency. The control strategies used in the microgrid are performed in two levels (primary and secondary) in the islanded mode. Practically, most previous studies have worked to improve the primary controller. Droop control is one of the most commonly used methods at the primary level and is adopted in this study as well. The sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is normally used to control linear equations. Thus, the non‐linear microgrid equations were transformed into some linear ones using the input‐output feedback linearization technique. Further, a fractional sliding surface was acquainted. The sliding surface and FOSMC were designed to reject system uncertainties and organize the voltage and frequency. Design parameters were chosen using the Lyapunov stability theorem. The validation of the proposed method using Simulink‐MATLAB confirms its effectiveness in enhancing level power sharing, regulating frequency, and maintaining voltage stability across the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he microgrid (MG) is a complicated cyber-physical system that operates based on interactions between physical processes and computational components, which make it vulnerable to varied cyber-attacks. In this article, the impact of data integrity attack (DIA) has been considered, as one of the most dangerous cyber threats to MGs, on the steady-state operation of hybrid microgrids (HMGs). Additionally, a novel method based on the sequential hypothesis testing approach is proposed to detect DIA on the renewable energy sources’ metering infrastructure and improve the data security within the HMGs. The proposed method generates a binary sample, which is used to compute a test statistic that is further used against two thresholds to decide among three alternatives. The performance of the suggested method is examined using an IEEE standard test system. The results illustrated the acceptable performance of the proposed methodology in detection of DIAs. In addition, to evaluate the effect of DIA on the operation of the HMGs, DIAs with different severities are launched on the measured power generation of renewable energy resources like wind turbines. The results showed that a successful DIA on renewable units can severely affect the operation of electric grids and cause serious damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper inspects customer multi‐carrier microgrid deployments' techno‐economic viability and assists investors in deciding whether or not to invest in multi‐carrier microgrid installations equipped with smart demand‐side technologies. The solution of the proposed model determines the optimal mix and size of distributed energy resources, and identifies the ideal participation rate of potential responsive customers within the multi‐carrier microgrid. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the overall deployment cost comprising the investment and replacement of distributed energy resources, demand‐side smart measurement and informing appliances, loan payoff, operation, maintenance, peak demand charge, energy demand shifting reward or penalty, emission, and unserved energy while ensuring the desired levels of reliability and online reserve. The model also considers incentive policies to encourage customers to install demand‐side smart technologies to participate in demand response programs actively. The planning problem is formulated by mixed‐integer programming. The proposed model is applied to an industrial zone as an aggregate load. Numerical simulations exhibit the model's efficacy and scrutinize in‐depth, the effect of a variety of factors on multi‐carrier microgrid planning results, including the extents of the capital investment fund and loan in addition to demand response enabling technology cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of renewable energy sources and their interfacing to the main system has turn out to be most fascinating challenge. Renewable energy generation requires stable and reliable incorporation of energy to the low or medium voltage networks. This paper presents the microgrid modeling as an alternative and feasible power supply for Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Ethiopia. This microgrid consists of a 60 kW photo voltaic (PV) and a 20 kW wind turbine (WT) system; that is linked to the electrical distribution system of the campus by a 3-phase pulse width modulation scheme based voltage source inverters (VSI) and supplying power to the university buildings. The main challenge in this work is related to the interconnection of microgrid with utility grid, using 3-phase VSI controller. The PV and WT of the microgrid are controlled in active and reactive power (PQ) control mode during grid connected operation and in voltage/frequency (V/F) control mode, when the microgrid is switched to the stand-alone operation. To demonstrate the feasibility of proposed microgrid model, MATLAB/Simulink software has been employed. The performance of fully functioning microgrid is analyzed and simulated for a number of operating conditions. Simulation results supported the usefulness of developed microgrid in both mode of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New types of equivalent techniques under the penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) is reviewed. • A thorough review of power system reduction techniques, with the inclusion of the new emerging components in modern power systems such as reducing the models of generators driven by renewable energy resources, microgrids, and active networks. • The authors are working on new techniques for the size reduction of the power system in the context of high penetration of IBRs to the grid. Examples of data driven techniques for enhancing the power system size reduction techniques are presented. It is well known that dynamic studies of large power systems are essential, and they are even more critical for interconnected systems that host high level of renewable energy systems which are interfaced with the grid through power electronic inverters. As power system stability studies need to be done frequently in large systems to adjust various control parameters, it is required to reduce the computational time of each study while maintaining the accuracy of studies. As such, it is desired that some preliminary studies be performed on simplified reduced size models before conducting final studies with full models. Creating reduced-size dynamic models is usually required for three applications: planning studies, online dynamic security assessment, and real-time simulators. As such, there is a need to review the conventional techniques of reducing the dynamic models of power networks and perform new research in developing techniques of incorporating aggregated dynamic models of renewable energy systems into the network reduction methods. The main contribution of this paper, in addition to a thorough review of power system reduction techniques, is the inclusion of new emerging components in modern power systems such as size reduction of Inverter-Based Generator models. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]