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Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present appraisal models of visual material printed in the newspapers. Furthermore, the aim is to analyse aspects of its description and reformatting in the context of heritage institutions. Methodology. The research presented in this paper was conducted on the sample of Jastrebarske novine (1964-1991) and based on the analysis of historical and contemporary contexts of the newspaper's creation and use. In addition, a quantitative and qualitative content analysis was conducted on the same sample. Findings. Visual material and elements of graphic design in the newspapers are important from the perspective of their content and are often inseparable from the textual parts of the articles. The societal and political discourses of the visual material printed in Jastrebarske novine is of less importance compared to their significance as the resources for better comprehension of local history and everyday life. When reformatting newspapers in which visual contributions are valued as significant, it is necessary to take into consideration the visual elements. Originality. This paper validates the need to appraise individual newspapers in their historical and contemporary context and from the perspective of their visual material. Moreover, the reformatting methods are examined, and emphasis put on the importance of inductive and analytical approach during conversion to other media. According to our current knowledge, this paper for the first time presents a content analysis of visual material in the newspapers based on a contextual analysis of a local newspaper and from the perspective of reformatting policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Microfilm (MF) are used in community based screening for tuberculosis (TB) in Turkey. This study aimed differences in evaluation between various physicians. Materials and Methods: In the Mardin Prison, 253 microfilms (MFs) were obtained during periodic TB screening in January 2006. A chest disease specialist doctor, a radiology specialist doctor and a general practitioner doctor assessed the MFs separately. The results were classified as i) Normal, ii) Active TB disease findings, iii) and Sequel TB disease findings. Results: A total of 13 MFs were not taken into consideration because of technically unsatisfactory radiographs. The end results were as follows; three physicians had agreed about diagnosis in 159 MFs (66.2%). In 81 MFs (33.8%) at least one physician had a different opinion about microfilm. The general practitioner reported 19 MFs (8%) as active TB disease findings and the radiology specialist doctor reported 22 MFs (9%) as active TB disease. However, the chest diseases specialist doctor reported 26 MFs (11%) as having active TB disease findings. No significant difference was found in active TB diagnosis between three physicians (p>0.05). The frequency of sequel TB diagnosis was higher in Chest disease specialist compared with other physicians (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although MF is a fast screening method, considerable disagreement was found in evaluating abnormal findings among reporting physicians. As TB is a disease with various radiologic appearances, usage of microbiological diagnostic modalities should be added to subjective radiographic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfilms are a collection of microorganisms surrounded by the slime they secrete, attached to either an inert or living surface. As in any water system, nearly all of the bacteria are likely to be in microfilms attached to internal surfaces. In a mature microfilm, more of the volume is occupied by the loosely organized glycocalyx matrix than by bacterial cells. Microorganism benefit by acquiring nutrients and protection from biocides. Chlorine is the most effective and least expensive biocide for removing the microfilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]