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The aim of the study was to analyze the present regularities, specific to the employees’ salaries of aggregates of small and medium enterprises related to the three dimensional categories and located in different regions of Russia. The following tasks were solved: the indexes, characterizing average monthly salary of employees based on the mentioned enterprises were assessed, belonging to different size categories and located in each of the regions; the relations were established between the average monthly salaries of employees of aggregates of small and medium enterprises and the cost of living in all regions of the country.Preliminary results of stopwatch reading of small and medium business activities in 2015 were used as initial data. The research was based on the comparison of indexes for the entrepreneurial sector and the full range of enterprises and organizations.Modeling differentiation of salaries’ values of small and medium enterprises aggregations, as well as its relationship to the values of the subsistence level was based on the development of the density function of normal distribution. The quality of the developed models was checked according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson and Shapiro-Wilk criteria.The obtained results have some theoretical significance, in particular, when conducting research related to the justification of the proposed wage of employees of enterprises different in number, the formation of measures for increasing efficiency of the entrepreneurial sector activity. Density functions of normal distribution given in the paper can be used in the justification of concepts, plans and programs of developing small and medium entrepreneurship in regions and municipalities. The practical importance of research results connected with the possibility of their use by entrepreneurs directly (especially by beginners) when assessing the potential of enterprise creation and definition of employees’ proposed salaries. In addition, the results can be used by the departments of regional and municipal authorities engaged in the formation of projects and programs of entrepreneurship development, including entrepreneurship development in regions and municipalities with a low level of employee’s wages of small and medium enterprises. Further development of small and medium entrepreneurship in Russia puts forward the urgent need for raising the salary in this sector of the national economy based on increasing the number of highly productive jobs through mechanization and automation of production processes, widespread introduction of innovation. Special attention must be paid to the issue of equalizing levels of wages in the enterprise sector and the national economy.

Information Technology is a powerful tool and a progress engine. There are many different Information Technologies nowadays implementation of which has the greatest influence on management and doing business. This research is aimed to study the dependence between Information Technologies and the business processes in enterprises. The purpose of this article is to define the main factors and principles of implemented IT that lead to changes in business. This paper presents the preliminary studies in UK microenterprise, through the findings examining general business processes and capabilities of IT in microenterprises. The paper also presents the effects of implementation of Information Technologies including the advantages and the disadvantages. The study used the following methods: collecting and analysis of existing data from previous research in different enterprises with a purpose to compare them in general and synthesize this data with the induction method. The information from this paper may be used in further market research and study. Информационные технологии – это достаточно мощный инструмент и двигатель прогресса. В наше время существует множество различных информационных технологий, внедрение которых оказывает огромное влияние на управление и ведение бизнеса. Это исследование направлено на изучение зависимости между внедряемыми информационными технологиями и бизнес-процессами на предприятиях, в которых они внедрены. Целью этой статьи является определение основных факторов и принципов использования информационных технологий, которые приводят к глобальным изменениям в бизнесе, таким, как рост прибыли, при неизменном или улучшенном качестве продукта. Эта статья представляет предыдущие исследования на микропредприятии в Великобритании, через результаты исследования основных бизнес-процессов и возможных последствий информационных технологий на микропредприятиях. В статье проиллюстрированы эффекты и последствия внедрения информационных технологий, включая перечень основных преимуществ и недостатков. В процессе написания этой статьи были использованы следующие методы: сбор и анализ существующих данных из предыдущих исследований на различных предприятиях с целью их сравнения, и объединение этих данных с помощью метода индукции. Информация из данной статьи может быть использована в дальнейших исследованиях.

In April 2014, the Government of Benin launched the entreprenant status, a simplified and free legal regime offered to small informal businesses to enter the formal economy. This paper presents the short-term results of a randomized impact evaluation testing three different versions of the entreprenant status on business registration decisions, each version including incremental incentives to registration: (i) information on the new legal status and its benefits, (ii) business training, counseling services, and support to open a bank account, (iii) tax mediation services. The study included 3,600 informal businesses operating with a fixed location in Cotonou, Benin, which were randomly allocated between three treatment groups and one control group. One year after the program launch, all versions of the program had significant impact on formalization rates. The impact was 9.1 percentage points in the first treatment group; 13 percentage points in the second group; and 15.8 percentage points in the last group. The program had a higher impact on male business owners, with more education, operating outside Dantokpa Market, in sectors other than trade, and that before being offered the incentives to formalization had characteristics similar to businesses that were already formal. Data from a second follow-up survey, which is expected to take place in March 2016, will explore the impacts on other outcomes, like business performances or access to banking.

Very small enterprises (VSEs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) represent a broad and heterogeneous segment, often underserved by formal financial institutions. They are generally informal and often family businesses. The financial needs of these enterprises are typically overlooked by “downscaling” banks, which find larger and often more formal small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to be a more natural market for their products and services. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) are starting to move upmarket to serve SMEs, and in particular, VSEs within this segment. However, they use varying definitions, methodologies and products to do so and to date there has been little research or documentation of their experiences. This report highlights the results of a recent study of the existing practices in Latin America of MFIs serving VSEs, where VSEs are considered to be those businesses with financing needs of between US$7,000 and US$30,000. It is a starting point for an institution considering entering the segment, or for one that finds itself having grown into the segment “organically” but with a view to strengthen its position. It includes several checklists for MFIs interested in expanding upmarket into the VSE space, as well as more detailed discussions and examples of the most relevant points.

Job creation and economic growth through private sector development have become primary areas of focus for policy makers around the world in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Recent evidence points to the importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in providing employment across countries. In addition to employing the largest number of people in aggregate, SMEs generate the most new jobs. But SMEs also face many challenges in day-to-day operations and to grow. This note is a report back on the state of the credit gap for MSMEs with this new and updated data, while providing additional focus on the sizable informal enterprise sector in the developing world. In addition, this report examines various operational challenges that small and informal firms face, and some formalization obstacles they often cite as the primary reasons for not registering their business. A framework to differentiate the informal sector is offered, with the intention of segmenting the vast landscape of informal firms some of which exist today due to opportunistic behavior, while others are just trying to survive and to better design specific interventions depending on the stage of development and the willingness of the firm to register its business. The rest of this report is organized as follows. Section I focuses on the credit gap for formal MSMEs, and offers some innovative models and interventions that can be used to more fully meet the financial and non-financial needs of formal MSMEs. Section II focuses exclusively on informal enterprises, and goes beyond the access to finance paradigm, describing the operational challenges faced by informal firms, reviewing the experiments that have tried to induce higher rates of formalization, and looking at a series of private sector models that if combined, could more fully meet the needs of informal firms.