Search

Purpose. RECOVERY, ACTT-1, and ACTT-2 trials have demonstrated that utilization of dexamethasone, remdesivir, or a combination of remdesivir with baricitinib leads to mortality benefit and faster time to recovery, respectively. However, no studies have investigated the benefit of triple therapy of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and baricitinib. We investigate the benefits of triple therapy compared to dual therapy of dexamethasone with remdesivir in patients with severe COVID-19 on HFNC. Materials and Methods. A retrospective data analysis was performed on patients with severe COVID-19 requiring HFNC and evaluated for hospital discharge status, requirement of mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and days on HFNC. Results. Among 191 patients with severe COVID-19, 81 patients received dexamethasone, remdesivir, and baricitinib. Patients receiving triple therapy had a significant survival benefit (HR 0.52; P = 0.042 ). Treatment with triple therapy vs. dual therapy also trended towards less requirement of mechanical ventilation (OR 0.66; P = 0.26 ). There was no significant change in length of stay (mean 13.74 vs. 13.31; P = 0.74 ) or days on HFNC (mean 8.95 vs. 7.28 days, P = 0.16 ). Conclusions. The use of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and baricitinib in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring HFNC was associated with a significant survival benefit in comparison to dual therapy of dexamethasone with remdesivir.

Twenty-two compounds belonging to several classes of polyamine analogs have been examined for their ability to inhibit the growth of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and in vivo. Four lead compounds from the thiourea sub-series and one compound from the urea-based analogs were found to be potent inhibitors of both chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) and chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strains of Plasmodium with IC50 values ranging from 150 to 460 nM. In addition, the compound RHW, N1,N7-bis (3-(cyclohexylmethylamino) propyl) heptane-1,7-diamine tetrabromide was found to inhibit Dd2 with an IC50 of 200 nM. When RHW was administered to P. yoelii-infected mice at 35 mg/kg for 4 days, it significantly reduced parasitemia. RHW was also assayed in combination with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor difluoromethylornithine, and the two drugs were found not to have synergistic antimalarial activity. Furthermore, these inhibitors led to decreased cellular spermidine and spermine levels in P. falciparum, suggesting that they exert their antimalarial activities by inhibition of spermidine synthase.

The global supply of food has led to an increasingly connected planet, not only in terms of food products but also in terms of risks for foodborne diseases. The fourth edition of Morris and Potter’s Foodborne Infections and Intoxications delivers an in-depth look at the global effects of foodborne illnesses, provides pathogen-specific information, and describes processes and policies intended to prevent these illnesses. The text is a well-written and well-referenced guide to foodborne illnesses, containing contributions from >70 experts in epidemiology and the basic sciences of foodborne diseases. The text has been organized into 6 sections. The first section describes the epidemiology of foodborne disease, highlighting the most common illnesses in the United States and abroad with country-specific data as well as the most common outbreak-associated foods and microbial risk assessment. The next 4 sections encompass microbe-specific illnesses; each section comprises chapters on specific pathogens. The sections are organized to include bacterial pathogens, viral pathogens, parasites (along with mycobacteria and prions), and agents involved with food intoxications. Each chapter is specific to a given pathogen and includes a clinical description of the disease, the microbiology of the pathogen, exposure risks, and disease prevention. Chapters have been written by leading researchers in their respective fields and are filled with up-to-date references on each pathogen. One example, in Chapter 8, includes a description of the 2011 outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 infections in northern Germany. This outbreak illustrates the importance of food safety and the critical role of public health officials, clinicians, and scientists in identifying new outbreaks and limiting the spread of newly identified illnesses. The final section of the book outlines prevention of foodborne diseases and discusses food safety and the legal basis for food safety regulation. This edition of Foodborne Infections and Intoxications updates the third edition, published in 2006, with increased emphasis on global disease prevention and a risk-based approach to food safety. This text is particularly valuable for students and practitioners in the fields of public health and food safety. It can also serve as a useful reference for public health investigators and officials.