38 results on '"Xiao-Qin Wu"'
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2. Antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma koningiopsis T2 against Verticillium dahliae
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Wei-Liang Kong, Hang Ni, Wei-Yu Wang, and Xiao-Qin Wu
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Trichoderma koningiopsis ,volatile organic compounds ,melanin ,microsclerotia ,Verticillium dahliae ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms are considered promising environmental-safety fumigants for controlling soil-borne diseases. Verticillium dahliae, a notorious fungal pathogen, causes economically important wilt diseases in agriculture and forestry industries. Here, we determined the antifungal activity of VOCs produced by Trichoderma koningiopsis T2. The VOCs from T. koningiopsis T2 were trapped by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and tentatively identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The microsclerotia formation, cell wall-degrading enzymes and melanin synthesis of V. dahliae exposed to the VOC mixtures and selected single standards were examined. The results showed that the VOCs produced by strain T2 significantly inhibited the growth of V. dahliae mycelium and reduced the severity of Verticillium wilt in tobacco and cotton. Six individual compounds were identified in the volatilome of T. koningiopsis T2, and the dominant compounds were 3-octanone, 3-methyl-1-butanol, butanoic acid ethyl ester and 2-hexyl-furan. The VOCs of strain T2 exert a significant inhibitory effect on microsclerotia formation and decreased the activities of pectin lyase and endo-β-1,4-glucanase in V. dahliae. VOCs also downregulated the VdT3HR, VdT4HR, and VdSCD genes related to melanin synthesis by 29. 41-, 10. 49-, and 3.11-fold, respectively. Therefore, T. koningiopsis T2 has potential as a promising biofumigant for the biocontrol of Verticillium wilt disease.
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- 2022
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3. Colonization by the Mycorrhizal Helper Bacillus pumilus HR10 Is Enhanced During the Establishment of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis Between Hymenochaete sp. Rl and Pinus thunbergii
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Ya-Hui Wang, Wei-Liang Kong, Mei-Ling Zhu, Yun Dai, and Xiao-Qin Wu
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mycorrhizal helper bacteria ,ectomycorrhizal fungi ,mycorrhizosphere ,colonization ,biofilm ,motility ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
There are complex interactions between mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHBs) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, with MHBs promoting mycorrhizal synthesis and ECM fungi regulating plant rhizobacterial colonization, diversity, and function. In this study, to investigate whether the ECM fungus Hymenochaete sp. Rl affects the survival and colonization of the MHB strain Bacillus pumilus HR10 in the rhizosphere, the biomass of B. pumilus HR10 was measured in the rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere. In addition, extracts of Hymenochaete sp. Rl and Pinus thunbergii were evaluated for their effect on B. pumilus HR10 colonization (growth, sporulation, biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular protein contents, flagellar motility, and expression of colonization-related genes). The results showed that inoculation of Hymenochaete sp. Rl significantly increased the biomass of B. pumilus HR10 in the rhizosphere; however, while extracts of Hymenochaete sp. Rl and P. thunbergii did not affect the biomass or spore formation of HR10, they did affect its biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular protein production, and flagellar motility. Furthermore, the addition of symbiont extracts affected the expression of chemotaxis-related genes in HR10. When the extracts were added separately, the expression of srf genes in HR10 increased; when the extracts were added simultaneously, the expression of the flagellin gene fliG in HR10 increased, but there was no significant effect on the expression of srf genes, consistent with the results on biofilm production. Thus, Hymenochaete sp. Rl and P. thunbergii roots had a positive effect on colonization by B. pumilus HR10 at the rhizosphere level through their secretions.
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- 2022
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4. Genome Sequencing of Rahnella victoriana JZ-GX1 Provides New Insights Into Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promotion
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Wei-Liang Kong, Wei-Yu Wang, Sheng-Han Zuo, and Xiao-Qin Wu
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complete genome sequence ,Rahnella victoriana ,biofertilizer ,volatile organic compounds ,natural field environment ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Genomic information for bacteria within the genus Rahnella remains limited. Rahnella sp. JZ-GX1 was previously isolated from the Pinus massoniana rhizosphere in China and shows potential as a plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterium. In the present work, we combined the GridION Nanopore ONT and Illumina sequencing platforms to obtain the complete genome sequence of strain JZ-GX1, and the application effects of the strain in natural field environment was assessed. The whole genome of Rahnella sp. JZ-GX1 comprised a single circular chromosome (5,472,828 bp, G + C content of 53.53%) with 4,483 protein-coding sequences, 22 rRNAs, and 77 tRNAs. Based on whole genome phylogenetic and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, the JZ-GX1 strain was reidentified as R. victoriana. Genes related to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophores, acetoin, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production, spermidine and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biosynthesis were present in the genome of strain JZ-GX1. In addition, these functions were also confirmed by in vitro experiments. Importantly, compared to uninoculated control plants, Pyrus serotina, Malus spectabilis, Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier cv. “San Martino” (I-72 poplar) and Pinus elliottii plants inoculated with strain JZ-GX1 showed increased heights and ground diameters. These findings improve our understanding of R. victoriana JZ-GX1 as a potential biofertilizer in agriculture.
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- 2022
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5. Identification, cloning and expression patterns of the genes related to phosphate solubilization in Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 under different soluble phosphate levels
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Yu-Qing Liu, Ya-Hui Wang, Wei-Liang Kong, Wan-Hui Liu, Xing-Li Xie, and Xiao-Qin Wu
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Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 ,Phosphate solubilizing ,Whole genome ,Phosphate-related genes ,Quantitative real-time PCR ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract As important plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) fix nitrogen, dissolve potassium, promote growth, improve the soil micro-environment, and enhance soil fertility. A high-efficiency PSB strain from the pine tree rhizosphere, Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9, was screened in our laboratory. In this study, using a Bio Screener fully automatic microbial growth curve meter to determine the growth of the WS-FJ9 strain in phosphate-removing medium, the growth and mineral phosphate solubilization of WS-FJ9 were measured by Mo-Sb colorimetry and organophosphate-solubilization plate assays. Second-generation sequencing technology was used to obtain genomic information and to analyze possible phosphate decomposition genes. The related expression levels of these genes under different soluble phosphate levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that WS-FJ9 had strong adaptability and capacity for mineral phosphate solubilization at low soluble phosphate levels, which is characterized by its low soluble phosphate induction and high soluble phosphate inhibition. The amount of solubilized mineral phosphate could exceed 140 mg/L. The total length of the WS-FJ9 genome was 7,497,552 bp after splicing, and the GC content was 67.37%. Eight phosphate-related genes were selected to determine their expression patterns at different soluble phosphate levels. Among them, AP-2, GspE and GspF were only related to organic phosphate, HlyB was only related to inorganic phosphate, and PhoR, PhoA, AP-1 and AP-3 were related to both. The WS-FJ9 strain utilizes multiple pathways for mineral phosphate solubilization, and the solubilization processes of different phosphate sources are interrelated and independent, indicating that the WS-FJ9 strain can adapt to different phosphate source environments and has good potential for future applications.
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- 2020
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6. Salt Tolerance Mechanism of the Rhizosphere Bacterium JZ-GX1 and Its Effects on Tomato Seed Germination and Seedling Growth
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Pu-Sheng Li, Wei-Liang Kong, and Xiao-Qin Wu
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Rahnella aquatilis ,salt tolerance mechanism ,compatible solute ,growth-promoting function ,plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Salinity is one of the strongest abiotic factors in nature and has harmful effects on plants and microorganisms. In recent years, the degree of soil salinization has become an increasingly serious problem, and the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria has become an option to improve the stress resistance of plants. In the present study, the salt tolerance mechanism of the rhizosphere bacterium Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 was investigated through scanning electron microscopy observations and analysis of growth characteristics, compatible solutes, ion distribution and gene expression. In addition, the effect of JZ-GX1 on plant germination and seedling growth was preliminarily assessed through germination experiments. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was tolerant to 0–9% NaCl and grew well at 3%. Strain JZ-GX1 promotes salt tolerance by stimulating the production of exopolysaccharides, and can secrete 60.6983 mg/L of exopolysaccharides under the high salt concentration of 9%. Furthermore, the accumulation of the compatible solute trehalose in cells as the NaCl concentration increased was shown to be the primary mechanism of resistance to high salt concentrations in JZ-GX1. Strain JZ-GX1 could still produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores and dissolve inorganic phosphorus under salt stress, characteristics that promote the ability of plants to resist salt stress. When the salt concentration was 100 mmol/L, strain JZ-GX1 significantly improved the germination rate, germination potential, fresh weight, primary root length and stem length of tomato seeds by 10.52, 125.56, 50.00, 218.18, and 144.64%, respectively. Therefore, R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 is a moderately halophilic bacterium with good growth-promoting function that has potential for future development as a microbial agent and use in saline-alkali land resources.
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- 2021
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7. Antifungal Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera
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Wei-Liang Kong, Lin Rui, Hang Ni, and Xiao-Qin Wu
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Rahnella aquatilis ,VOCs ,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ,mycelial growth ,spore germination ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms for the biological control of plant diseases has attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, the antifungal activity and identity of VOCs produced by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pine were determined and analyzed. The effect of the VOCs on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the pathogen of Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera black spot, was determined by a joined-petri dish fumigation method. An in vitro leaf inoculation method was used to determine the fumigation effect of the VOCs on Liriodendron black spot. VOCs with antifungal activity were collected by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and their components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the VOCs secreted by JZ-GX1 inhibited the mycelial growth of the tested pathogen. The VOCs destroyed the morphology of the mycelium, significantly increased the permeability of the cell membrane and downregulated the expression of pathogenicity-related genes during mycelial infection, thus inhibiting the expansion of anthracnose disease spots in leaves. In the volatile compound profile, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethyl methyl ether significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides. This work provides a new strategy for the research and application of microorganisms and bioactive compounds to control plant anthracnose.
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- 2020
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8. Dual inoculation with rhizosphere-promoting bacterium Bacillus cereus and beneficial fungus Peniophora cinerea improves salt stress tolerance and productivity in willow
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Tian-Yu Wu, Ya-Hui Wang, Fei Wu, and Xiao-Qin Wu
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Microbiology - Abstract
Utilization of rhizosphere microorganisms to improve plant growth and salt tolerance has recently attracted widespread attention. The growth and salt tolerance of willows inoculated with Bacillus cereus JYZ-SD2 and Peniophora cinerea XC were studied under different salt stress conditions. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of willow cuttings inoculated with the XC strain increased significantly by 51.27%. After salt stress of willow cuttings inoculated with B. cereus JYZ-SD2 and P. cinerea XC (solely or in combination), the amount of sodium in the roots from the epidermis to the pericycle decreased and the content of sodium in the pericycle was significantly lower than that of the uninoculated willow, while the proportion of potassium increased. Willow cuttings inoculated with microorganisms showed increased activity of SOD and POD. At the salt concentration of 100 mmol/L, the highest SOD activity was found in B. cereus JYZ-SD2-inoculated willows, with 59.88% increase compared to uninoculated willows; the highest POD activity was found in P. cinerea XC and B. cereus JYZ-SD2 co-inoculated willows, with 51.05% increase compared to uninoculated willows. The Na-K-ATPase and Ca-Mg-ATPase activities of inoculated P. cinerea XC willow cuttings were also 59.38% and 60% higher than that of uninoculated willows, respectively. The qPCR analysis showed that the expression of vp2 gene in the microorganism-inoculated willow leaves was always higher than that in willow alone. The expression of vp2 gene in P. cinerea XC-inoculated willow cuttings was 270.81% higher than that in uninoculated willows. Further observation of the ultrastructure of root cells under salt stress revealed that most of the vesicles in the root tip cells of willow were intact and secreted phagocytic vesicles to absorb sodium ions in the cytoplasm. This study shows that the combined beneficial fungi and rhizosphere-promoting bacteria inoculation technology as a practical biotechnological approach to enhance the growth of willows in salt-affected soils.
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- 2023
9. Resistance genes mediate differential resistance to pine defensive substances α-Pinene and H2O2 in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with different levels of virulence
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Hongbin Liu, Lin Rui, Xiao-Qin Wu, and Rui Liang
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0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Virulence ,Cytochrome P450 ,Forestry ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nematode ,biology.protein ,Peroxiredoxin ,Pathogen ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Wilt disease - Abstract
The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, is the pathogen of pine wilt disease (PWD) which can devastate forests. PWN can be of high or low severity and the mechanisms underlying the differences in virulence are unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between differentiation of PWN severity and its resistance to the main defensive substances of pine species (i.e., α-pinene and H2O2). The feeding rate and fecundity of PWN was examined at different levels of virulence under conditions of α-pinene and H2O2 stress. Moreover, the expression patterns of the main resistance genes of PWN with different virulence were determined under conditions of α-pinene and H2O2 stress. The feeding rate and fecundity of the high virulence strain AMA3 were higher than those of the low virulence strain YW4. The expression levels of the autophagy gene BxATG5, cytochrome P450 gene BxCYP33D3, and glutathione S-transferase genes BxGST1 and BxGST3 in AMA3 increased significantly upon exposure to α-pinene for 2 h, while these genes showed smaller degrees of upregulation in YW4. Under conditions of H2O2 stress, the expression levels of BxATG5, catalase genes Bxy-ctl-1and Bxy-ctl-2, and the 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin gene BxPrx in AMA3 were higher than those in YW4. These findings suggest that high virulence PWN has greater resistance to pine defensive substances α-pinene and H2O2 than low virulence PWN, and resistance genes mediate the differential resistance of PWN strains. This study will contribute to the clarification of the mechanism underlying virulence differentiation of PWN and will advance understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PWD.
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- 2020
10. A Bursaphelenchus xylophilus effector, Bx-FAR-1, suppresses plant defense and affects nematode infection of pine trees
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Yu Li, Long-Jiao Hu, and Jian-Ren Ye
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Effector ,food and beverages ,Nicotiana benthamiana ,Virulence ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Nematode infection ,RNA interference ,Xylophilus ,medicine ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an economically important pathogen that has caused serious damage to pine forests. Fatty acid and retinol-binding proteins (FARs) are nematode-specific proteins. One FAR gene, Bx-FAR-1, was identified from the transcriptome of B. xylophilus as a putative effector. It was upregulated in both highly and weakly virulent isolates in early infection stages. Transient expression assays showed that Bx-FAR-1 inhibited BAX- and INF1-induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana when secreted into the intracellular site. Bx-FAR-1 was expressed in the glandular tissues, intestines, and seminal vesicles of nematodes by in situ hybridization. Silencing Bx-FAR-1 via in vitro RNA interference attenuated the reproductive ability and pathogenicity of B. xylophilus as well as increased the expression of the pathogenesis-related gene 6 and JA biosynthesis gene LOX-5 (lipoxygenase-5) in pine trees. These results suggest that Bx-FAR-1 suppresses the plant immune response in the N. benthamiana intracellular site and may contribute to the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus in the early infection stages.
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- 2020
11. BxCDP1 from the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is recognized as a novel molecular pattern
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Yu Li, Hai-Yang Li, Xin Huang, Yan Wang, Xiao-Qin Wu, Yuanchao Wang, and Long-Jiao Hu
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,molecular pattern ,Agrobacterium ,Soil Science ,Nicotiana benthamiana ,Plant Immunity ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,histological responses ,Rhabditida ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plant Cells ,Tobacco ,Animals ,innate immunity ,Molecular Biology ,Innate immune system ,Cell Death ,biology ,pathogenesis‐related genes ,Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules ,fungi ,Pattern recognition receptor ,food and beverages ,Helminth Proteins ,Original Articles ,Pinus ,biology.organism_classification ,Recombinant Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,Pinus thunbergii ,Xylophilus ,Original Article ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The migratory plant‐parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, which causes serious damage to pine forests in China. Plant immunity plays an important role in plant resistance to multiple pathogens. Activation of the plant immune system is generally determined by immune receptors, including plant pattern recognition receptors, which mediate pattern recognition. However, little is known about molecular pattern recognition in the interaction between pines and B. xylophilus. Based on the B. xylophilus transcriptome at the early stages of infection and Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transient expression and infiltration of recombinant proteins produced by Pichia pastoris in many plant species, a novel molecular pattern (BxCDP1) was characterized in B. xylophilus. We found that BxCDP1 was highly up‐regulated at the early infection stages of B. xylophilus, and was similar to a protein in Pararhizobium haloflavum. BxCDP1 triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana when secreted into the apoplast, and this effect was dependent on brassinosteroid‐insensitive 1‐associated kinase 1, but independent of suppressor of BIR1‐1. BxCDP1 also exhibited cell death‐inducing activity in pine, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, and lettuce. BxCDP1 triggered reactive oxygen species production and the expression of PAMP‐triggered immunity marker genes (NbAcre31, NbPTI5, and NbCyp71D20) in N. benthamiana. It also induced the expression of pathogenesis‐related genes (PtPR‐3, PtPR‐4, and PtPR‐5) in Pinus thunbergii. These results suggest that as a new B. xylophilus molecular pattern, BxCDP1 can not only be recognized by many plant species, but also triggers innate immunity in N. benthamiana and defence responses of P. thunbergii., BxCDP1 can not only trigger innate immunity of the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana, which depends on co‐receptors NbBAK1, but also induces defence responses of the host Pinus thunbergii.
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- 2020
12. Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007 affects zinc (Zn) accumulation and translocation in tomato
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Min Lijing, Li-Qin Zhang, De-Wei Li, and Jian-Ren Ye
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0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Strain (chemistry) ,Inoculation ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Chromosomal translocation ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Zinc ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Burkholderia ,Bioremediation ,Burkholderia pyrrocinia ,chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Bacteria ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Zinc (Zn) contamination in soil has been a serious problem world widely. Plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) could have potential applications in Zn bioremediation. In this study, Burkholderia ...
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- 2020
13. Identification of a novel effector BxSapB3 that enhances the virulence of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
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Xin Huang, Xiao-Qin Wu, and Long-Jiao Hu
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Effector ,fungi ,Biophysics ,food and beverages ,Nicotiana benthamiana ,Virulence ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Nematode ,Xylophilus ,Pathogen ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Wilt disease - Abstract
Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, leads to severe damage to pine forests in China. In our previous study, effectors secreted by this pathogen were shown to play roles in the different infection stages of pine wilt disease, and a series of candidate effectors were predicted by transcriptome sequencing. This study identified and characterized a novel effector, BxSapB3, which was among these candidate effectors. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression was used to identify BxSapB3. BxSapB3 was secreted by B. xylophilus and found to be capable of inducing cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that BxSapB3 was upregulated in a highly virulent strain of B. xylophilus and expressed at lower levels in a weakly virulent strain at the early stages of infection. When BxSapB3 was silenced in B. xylophilus, the process of infection was delayed. These results indicate that BxSapB3 acts as an effector and contributes to virulence at the early stages of B. xylophilus infection.
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- 2019
14. An Effector, BxSapB1, Induces Cell Death and Contributes to Virulence in the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
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Yuanchao Wang, Xiao-Qin Wu, Hai-Yang Li, Long-Jiao Hu, Qun Zhao, and Jian-Ren Ye
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Tylenchida ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,China ,Physiology ,Virulence ,Nicotiana benthamiana ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,RNA interference ,Animals ,Cell Death ,biology ,Effector ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Pinus ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Pinus thunbergii ,Xylophilus ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has caused serious damage to pine forests in China. Effectors secreted by phytonematodes play a role in host infection. We identified and characterized an effector, BxSapB1, based on the B. xylophilus transcriptome at the early stages of infection and the transient expression of proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. BxSapB1 triggered cell death in N. benthamiana when secreted into the apoplast, and this effect was independent of N. benthamiana brassinosteroid-insensitive 1–associated kinase 1 (NbBAK1) and suppressor of BIR1-1 (NbSOBIR1). The signal peptide of BxSapB1 was proven to be functional in yeast using the yeast signal sequence trap system and BxSapB1 was strongly expressed in the subventral gland cells of B. xylophilus, as revealed by in-situ hybridization. In addition, based on local BLAST analysis, the BxSapB1 showed 100% identity to BUX.s00139.62, which was identified from the B. xylophilus secretome during Pinus thunbergii infection. BxSapB1 was upregulated in a highly virulent strain and downregulated in a weakly virulent strain of PWN at the early stages of infection. RNA interference assays showed that silencing BxSapB1 resulted in decreased expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PtPR-1b, PtPR-3, and PtPR-5) as well as delayed onset of symptoms in P. thunbergii infected by B. xylophilus. The combined data suggest that BxSapB1 can trigger cell death in N. benthamiana and that it contributes to the virulence in B. xylophilus during parasitic interaction.
- Published
- 2019
15. Differential effects of rapamycin on with different virulence and differential expression of autophagy genes under stresses in nematodes
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Fan Wu, Xiao-Qin Wu, Jianren Ye, and Hongbin Liu
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Abiotic component ,biology ,Autophagy ,Biophysics ,Virulence ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology ,Gene expression profiling ,Nematode ,Gene ,Wilt disease - Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a devastating disease for Pinus spp. The virulence and resilience of PWN are closely linked to the spread and development of PWD. Numerous studies have shown that autophagy has important physiological and pathological functions in eukaryotes. But little is known about the relationships between autophagy and PWNs' virulence and resistance. In this study, through observation under the microscope and recording, we found the induction of autophagy by rapamycin could dramatically improve movement ability of PWNs with different virulence, and the highly virulent AMA3 isolate moved more than the low virulent YW4 isolate when autophagy was over-induced. High concentrations of rapamycin substantially improved the feeding and reproduction of AMA3 but not YW4. Conserved domains of autophagy genes BxATG3, BxATG4, and BxATG7 were first cloned from PWNs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expression profiling of these three autophagy genes under biotic and abiotic stresses in PWNs with different virulence was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. The results revealed the expression levels of these three autophagy genes in PWNs with different virulence were increased significantly when nematodes were subject to high and low temperatures, oxidative stress, and defensive responses of pine trees. The expression levels of autophagy genes under biotic and abiotic stresses in AMA3 were higher than those in YW4, and different genes showed different performance. Our study clarified that autophagy was closely related to virulence and resistance of PWN, and the ability of a highly virulent isolate to regulate autophagy activity under stresses was stronger than that of a low virulent isolate.
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- 2019
16. Transcriptome Analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Uncovers the Impact of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on Nematode and Pine Wilt Disease
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Jian-Ren Ye, Qi Xue, Fei Wu, and Xiao-Qin Wu
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0106 biological sciences ,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ,0303 health sciences ,differentially expressed genes ,biology ,Virulence ,Forestry ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,lcsh:QK900-989 ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Transcriptome ,virulence ,03 medical and health sciences ,Xylophilus ,Gene expression ,lcsh:Plant ecology ,Pinus massoniana ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Wilt disease - Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia influences the reproduction, pathogenicity, and gene expression of aseptic Bursaphelenchus xylophilus after inoculation of aseptic Pinus massoniana. Pine wilt disease is a destructive pine forest disease caused by B. xylophilus, and its pathogenesis is unclear. The role of bacteria associated with B. xylophilus in pine wilt disease has attracted widespread attention. S. maltophilia is one of the most dominant bacteria in B. xylophilus, and its effect is ambiguous. This study aims to explore the role of S. maltophilia in pine wilt disease. The reproduction and virulence of aseptic B. xylophilus and B. xylophilus containing S. maltophilia were examined by inoculating aseptic P. massoniana seedlings. The gene expressions of two nematode treatments were identified by transcriptome sequencing. The reproduction and virulence of B. xylophilus containing S. maltophilia were stronger than that of aseptic nematodes. There were 4240 differentially expressed genes between aseptic B. xylophilus and B. xylophilus containing S. maltophilia after inoculation of aseptic P. massoniana, including 1147 upregulated genes and 2763 downregulated genes. These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in some immune-related gene ontology (GO) categories, such as membrane, transporter activity, metabolic processes, and many immune-related pathways, such as the wnt, rap1, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, cGMP-PKG, MAPK, ECM-receptor interaction, and calcium signaling pathways. The polyubiquitin-rich gene, leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene, and heat shock protein genes were the key genes associated with immune resistance. Moreover, there were four cell wall hydrolase genes, thirty-six detoxification- and pathogenesis-related protein genes, one effector gene and ten cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase genes that were differentially expressed. After inoculation of the host pine, S. maltophilia could affect the virulence and reproduction of B. xylophilus by regulating the expression of parasitic, immune, and pathogenicity genes of B. xylophilus.
- Published
- 2020
17. Role of Biofilm Formation by Bacillus pumilus HR10 in Biocontrol against Pine Seedling Damping-Off Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani
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Yun Dai, Mei-Ling Zhu, Ya-Hui Wang, and Xiao-Qin Wu
- Subjects
Bacillus pumilus HR10 ,Mutant ,Damping off ,Rhizobacteria ,Microbiology ,Rhizoctonia solani ,03 medical and health sciences ,biocontrol ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Bacillus pumilus ,fungi ,Biofilm ,food and beverages ,Forestry ,lcsh:QK900-989 ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,pine seedling damping-off disease ,Pinus thunbergii ,Seedling ,lcsh:Plant ecology ,biofilm formation ,root colonization - Abstract
The biocontrol process mediated by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) relies on multiple mechanisms. Biofilm formation plays an important role in the ability of PGPR to control plant diseases. Bacillus pumilus HR10, one such PGPR, promotes the growth of Pinus thunbergii. This study showed that the wild-type strain B. pumilus HR10 produces a stable and mature biofilm in vitro. Biofilm-deficient mutants of B. pumilus HR10 with different phenotypes were screened by mutagenesis. The contents of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and proteins produced by the mutant strains were significantly reduced, and the biofilms of the mutants were weakened to varying degrees. The swarming abilities of the wild-type and mutant strains were positively correlated with biofilm formation. A colonization assay demonstrated that B. pumilus HR10 could colonize the roots of Pinus massoniana seedlings in a large population and persist, while biofilm-deficient mutants showed weak colonization ability. Furthermore, a biocontrol assay showed that biocontrol efficacy of the mutants was reduced to a certain degree. We determined the inhibitory activity of B. pumilus HR10 and its ability to induce systemic resistance against Rhizoctonia solani of plants. The synthesis of lipopeptide antibiotics is probably involved in biofilm formation by B. pumilus HR10. These observations not only provide a reference for further research about the coordinated action between biofilm formation and the multiple biocontrol mechanisms of B. pumilus HR10 but also improve the understanding of the regulatory pathway of biofilm formation by B. pumilus HR10.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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18. Forest Tree Associated Bacterial Diffusible and Volatile Organic Compounds against Various Phytopathogenic Fungi
- Author
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Tian-Yu Wu, Xiao-Rui Sun, Wei-Liang Kong, Xiao-Qin Wu, and Pu-Sheng Li
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Siderophore ,030106 microbiology ,Hydrogen cyanide ,diffusible substances ,Cellulase ,Rhizobacteria ,Microbiology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Virology ,Botany ,Pseudomonas sp ,volatile compounds ,phytopathogenic fungi ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Mycelium ,Rhizosphere ,biology ,Chemistry ,Pseudomonas ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Pyrrolnitrin ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,biology.protein - Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can potentially be used as an alternative strategy to control plant diseases. In this study, strain ST&ndash, TJ4 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy poplar was found to have a strong antifungal activity against 11 phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture and forestry. Strain ST&ndash, TJ4 was identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequences. The bacterium can produce siderophores, cellulase, and protease, and has genes involved in the synthesis of phenazine, 1&ndash, phenazinecarboxylic acid, pyrrolnitrin, and hydrogen cyanide. Additionally, the volatile compounds released by strain ST&ndash, TJ4 can inhibit the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi more than diffusible substances can. Based on volatile compound profiles of strain ST&ndash, TJ4 obtained from headspace collection and GC&ndash, MS/MS analysis, 1-undecene was identified. In summary, the results suggested that Pseudomonas sp. ST&ndash, TJ4 can be used as a biocontrol agent for various plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.
- Published
- 2020
19. Diffusible and Volatile Antifungal Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca ST-TJ4 against Various Phytopathogenic Fungi
- Author
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Pu-Sheng Li, Xiao-Rui Sun, Xiao-Qin Wu, Wei-Liang Kong, and Tian-Yu Wu
- Subjects
Antifungal ,medicine.drug_class ,Chemistry ,fungi ,medicine ,food and beverages ,Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca ,Microbiology - Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can potentially be used as an alternative strategy to control plant disease. In this study, strain ST-TJ4 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy poplar was found to have strong antifungal activity against 11 phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture and forestry. Strain ST-TJ4 was identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca based on 16S rDNA sequences. The bacterium can produce siderophores, cellulase, and protease, and has genes involved in the synthesis of phenazine, 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid, pyrrolnitrin, and hydrogen cyanide. Moreover, the volatile compounds released by strain ST-TJ4 can inhibit the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi more than diffusible substances can. Based on volatile compound profiles of strain ST-TJ4 obtained from headspace collection and GC-MS/MS analysis, 1-undecene was identified. In summary, the results suggested that P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca ST-TJ4 can be used as a biocontrol agent for various plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.
- Published
- 2020
20. Effects of Different Culture Conditions on the Biofilm Formation of Bacillus pumilus HR10
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Yun Dai, Jian-Ren Ye, Ya-Hui Wang, and Mei-Ling Zhu
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Salinity ,Swarming motility ,Polysaccharide ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Plant Roots ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food science ,Volume concentration ,Soil Microbiology ,030304 developmental biology ,Bacillus pumilus ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Bacteriological Techniques ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,fungi ,Plant root ,Biofilm ,Temperature ,food and beverages ,Heavy metals ,General Medicine ,Salt Tolerance ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,Biofilms ,Rhizosphere - Abstract
Many studies have focused on the significant role of biofilm formation by Bacillus in the biocontrol process. Bacillus pumilus HR10 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with multiple biocontrol functions, including promoting growth, controlling pathogens, and assisting in the formation of mycorrhizae. Currently, there is no relevant report on the biofilm formation of B. pumilus HR10 and its influencing factors. B. pumilus HR10 was found to easily form a stable biofilm structure on the surface of media, with awesome swarming ability. The optimum temperature for biofilm formation was 37 °C. B. pumilus HR10 formed most obviously at pH 7.0 and was not extremely sensitive to acidic or alkaline conditions. Most of the polysaccharide components of plant root exudates promoted the biofilm formation by B. pumilus HR10, with glucose having the greatest promoting effect. Low concentrations of Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and Na+ enhanced biofilm formation. In summary, biofilm formation can improve the tolerance of B. pumilus HR10 to salt and certain heavy metal ion stresses and contribute to its application in different plants and soils with high salinity or heavy metals in the field.
- Published
- 2019
21. Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)
- Author
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Wei-Liang Kong, Shi-Bo Ma, Xiao-Qin Wu, and Gui-E Li
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,QH301-705.5 ,Root hair ,engineering.material ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Article ,Rahnella aquatilis ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,Biology (General) ,growth-promotion ,Inoculation ,Chemistry ,phytase activity ,fungi ,phytase-related soil properties ,food and beverages ,indole acetic acid ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Germination ,engineering ,Phytase ,Fertilizer ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella , aquatilis JZ-GX1,the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.
- Published
- 2021
22. Phosphate Solubilization and Gene Expression of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterium Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 under Different Levels of Soluble Phosphate
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Xiaolei Ding, Qingwei Zeng, and Jiangchuan Wang
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0301 basic medicine ,biology ,030106 microbiology ,Burkholderia multivorans ,Dehydrogenase ,General Medicine ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,biology.organism_classification ,Phosphate ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Pyruvic acid ,Sugar ,Bacteria ,Biotechnology ,Glycerate kinase - Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate and enhance soil fertility. However, the growth and mineral phosphate solubilization of PSB could be affected by exogenous soluble phosphate and the mechanism has not been fully understood. In the present study, the growth and mineral phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of PSB strain Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 were investigated at six levels of exogenous soluble phosphate (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mM). The WS-FJ9 strain showed better growth at high levels of soluble phosphate. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of WS-FJ9 was reduced as the soluble phosphate concentration increased, as well as the production of pyruvic acid. Transcriptome profiling of WS-FJ9 at three levels of exogenous soluble phosphate (0, 5, and 20 mM) identified 446 differentially expressed genes, among which 44 genes were continuously up-regulated when soluble phosphate concentration was increased and 81 genes were continuously down-regulated. Some genes related to cell growth were continuously up-regulated, which would account for the better growth of WS-FJ9 at high levels of soluble phosphate. Genes involved in glucose metabolism, including glycerate kinase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and sugar ABC-type transporter, were continuously down-regulated, which indicates that metabolic channeling of glucose towards the phosphorylative pathway was negatively regulated by soluble phosphate. These findings represent an important first step in understanding the molecular mechanisms of soluble phosphate effects on the growth and mineral phosphate solubilization of PSB.
- Published
- 2017
23. Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Species Identification of the Plant Rhizosphere Bacterium JYZ-SD2
- Author
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Fei Wu, Tian-Yu Wu, Xu Xiuqian, and Wei-Liang Kong
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Bacillus cereus ,Biology ,Sodium Chloride ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Acclimatization ,Plant Roots ,03 medical and health sciences ,Stress, Physiological ,Gene expression ,Osmotic pressure ,Gene ,Soil Microbiology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,Biofilm ,Salix ,Salt-Tolerant Plants ,General Medicine ,Salt Tolerance ,16S ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Biofilms ,Rhizosphere ,Intracellular - Abstract
A salt-tolerant microbe strain JYZ-SD2 was investigated to develop biological soil amendments to stimulate salix growth and acclimation in costal salt-affected soils. The salt tolerance mechanism of strain JYZ-SD2 was investigated by detecting the salt-tolerant growth characteristics, biofilm formation, ion distribution, secondary metabolites, and zymogram profiling. The strain was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics (Biolog), 16S rDNA sequencing, and cry1/7/9 gene expressing. With increasing of NaCl concentration, strain JYZ-SD2 adapted to the increased osmotic pressure by prolonging the retardation period, slowing down the growth rate of the logarithmic phase, increasing spo0A gene expression, increasing biofilm formation, reducing Na+ uptake, and changing the expression of metabolites and intracellular soluble proteins. The results showed that strain JYZ-SD2 could be assigned to Bacillus cereus.
- Published
- 2019
24. New SigD-regulated genes identified in the rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42
- Author
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Rainer Borriss, Yu-Long Li, Ben Fan, Aruljothi Mariappan, Anke Becker, and Xiao-Qin Wu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,SigD ,030106 microbiology ,Mutant ,Sigma factor ,Microarray ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Northern blot ,Biology (General) ,Gene ,Non-isotopic northern blot ,Genetics ,Soil extract ,biology ,Autolysin ,biology.organism_classification ,FZB42 ,Regulon ,biology.protein ,bacteria ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Flagellin ,Research Article - Abstract
The alternative sigma factor D is known to be involved in at least three biological processes in Bacilli: flagellin synthesis, methyl-accepting chemotaxis and autolysin synthesis. Although many Bacillus genes have been identified as SigD regulon, the list may be not be complete. With microarray-based systemic screening, we found a set of genes downregulated in the sigD knockout mutant of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum FZB42. Eight genes (appA, blsA, dhaS, spoVG, yqgA, RBAM_004640, RBAM_018080 and ytk) were further confirmed by quantitative PCR and/or northern blot to be controlled by SigD at the transcriptional level. These genes are hitherto not reported to be controlled by SigD. Among them, four genes are of unknown function and two genes (RBAM_004640 and RBAM_018080), absent in the model strain B. subtilis 168, are unique to B. amyloliquefaciens stains. The eight genes are involved in sporulation, biofilm formation, metabolite transport and several other functions. These findings extend our knowledge of the regulatory network governed by SigD in Bacillus and will further help to decipher the roles of the genes., Summary: New SigD-regulated genes were identified in the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, which is closely related to the model organism B. subtilis.
- Published
- 2016
25. Regulation of Soluble Phosphate on the Ability of Phytate Mineralization and β-Propeller Phytase Gene Expression of Pseudomonas fluorescens JZ-DZ1, a Phytate-Mineralizing Rhizobacterium
- Author
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Hong-Bin Liu, Qingwei Zeng, Lan Shen, and Xiao-Qin Wu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Phytic Acid ,Molecular Sequence Data ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Pseudomonas fluorescens ,Rhizobacteria ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Mineralization (biology) ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Phosphates ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bacterial Proteins ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Phylogeny ,6-Phytase ,biology ,Phosphorus ,Pseudomonas ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,General Medicine ,Phosphate ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Phytase ,Sequence Alignment ,Bacteria - Abstract
Phytate-mineralizing rhizobacteria (PMR) play an important role in providing phosphorus for the sustainable plant growth. It is important to investigate the ability of PMR to produce phytase under different phosphate levels for its application. The effects of different concentrations of soluble phosphate on the ability of phytate mineralization of Pseudomonas fluorescens JZ-DZ1, a phytate-mineralizing rhizobacterium, were investigated in both solid and liquid media. The results on solid media showed that halo zone width gradually reduced with concentrations of soluble phosphate increasing from 0.05 to 20 mM, indicating the reduction of the ability of phytate mineralization. The results were consistent with the quantitative detection of phytase activity from the overall trend. An 1866-bp β-propeller phytase (BPP) gene (phyPf) was cloned from the strain, and the deduced amino acid sequence of phyPf shared 98 % of identity with a known BPP from Pseudomonas sp. BS10-3 (AJF36073.1). The results of relative real-time quantitative PCR assay showed that the expression of phyPf was induced by a low concentration (0.1 mM) of soluble phosphate, suggesting that BPP secretion was regulated by gene phyPf. The BPP-harboring bacterium P. fluorescens JZ-DZ1 with low phosphate-inducible ability of phytate mineralization could be potentially applied to promote phosphorus uptake for plants in the future.
- Published
- 2016
26. Enhancement of antifungal activity of Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007 genetically modified with Bacillus subtilis Chi113 gene
- Author
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L.-M. He, Xiao-Qin Wu, J.-H. Ren, Lin Huang, and Jianren Ye
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Ecology ,Forestry ,Bacillus subtilis ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Microbiology ,Genetically modified organism ,Green fluorescent protein ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Transformation (genetics) ,030104 developmental biology ,Plasmid ,Burkholderia pyrrocinia ,law ,Recombinant DNA ,Gene - Abstract
Summary Previous studies showed that Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007 is a potential biocontrol agent of poplar canker disease. In this report, B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 was genetically modified by introducing the Bacillus subtilis Chi113 gene to enhance its antifungal activity. The green fluorescence of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007E1 can be detected because of its transformation with plasmid pHKT2-Chi113 containing a gfp reporter gene. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that the B. subtilis Chi113 gene was highly expressed in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007E1 at mRNA level. The chitinase activity and the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007E1 were significantly increased, and the clear halo was visible on the colloidal chitin agar plate. In addition, the constructed recombinant plasmid pHKT2-Chi113 was stably maintained for at least 100 generations in the absence of antibiotic selection in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007E1. In western blot analysis, the Chi113-GFP fusion protein was detected in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007E1 using the GFP polyclonal antibody. In conclusion, the B. subtilis Chi113 gene was successfully transformed into B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 and was expressed both at mRNA level and protein level. Moreover, the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 was improved through this genetic modification.
- Published
- 2016
27. Malonylome of the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium with potent biocontrol activity, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42
- Author
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Rainer Borriss, Yu-Long Li, Lei Li, Ben Fan, Xiao-Jun Peng, and Chen Bu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Plant growth ,Multidisciplinary ,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ,biology ,Functional features ,Biological pest control ,Rhizobacteria ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:R858-859.7 ,Natural enemies ,Lysine malonylation ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Polyketide synthesis ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the publication entitled "Malonylome analysis of rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 reveals involvement of lysine malonylation in polyketide synthesis and plant-bacteria interactions"(doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.11.022) (B. Fan, Y. Li, L. Li et al.) [1]. This article presented the raw information of all malonyllysine sites identified by LC-MS/MS in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Further, the functional features and conservation of the malonylated peptide/proteins were analyzed and made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyses.
- Published
- 2017
28. A key effector, BxSapB2, plays a role in the pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
- Author
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Yuanchao Wang, Xiao-Qin Wu, Long-Jiao Hu, and Qun Zhao
- Subjects
Nematode ,Ecology ,biology ,Pine wood ,RNA interference ,Effector ,Key (lock) ,Nicotiana benthamiana ,Forestry ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,In situ hybridization ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology - Published
- 2020
29. The effect of endobacteria on the development and virulence of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
- Author
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Xiao-Jing Tian, Yang Xiang, Xin Fang, Jian-Ren Ye, and Xiao-Qin Wu
- Subjects
Nematology ,Nematode ,Pinus densiflora ,biology ,Virulence ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,Stenotrophomonas ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Bacteria ,Wilt disease ,Microbiology - Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a destructive forest disease. Recent studies showed that bacteria associated with PWN might play important roles in PWD. In this study, the effects of endobacteria isolated from PWN on the development and virulence of PWN were evaluated. The results revealed that endobacteria isolated from high virulence PWN could partially promote the development of the nematode, while endobacteria from PWN with low virulence could inhibit the development of nematode. Both bacteria-free and non-sterilised nematodes were able to infect microcuttings of Pinus densiflora. The endobacterial isolates, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NSBx.14 and Achromobacter xylosoxidans ssp. xylosoxidans NSBx.22, enhanced the virulence of low virulence PWN but reduced the virulence of high virulence PWN. The results suggest the pathogenicity of PWN is not affected by loss of bacteria and endobacteria might play a role in the development and virulence of PWN.
- Published
- 2015
30. Profiling of differentially expressed genes in ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius responding to mycorrhiza helper Brevibacillus reuszeri MPt17
- Author
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Ai-Dong Zhou, Xu-ling Xu, Xiao-Qin Wu, Lan Shen, Lin Huang, and Jian-Ren Ye
- Subjects
biology ,cDNA library ,Subtraction hybridization ,Cell Biology ,Plant Science ,Fungus ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Pisolithus ,Microbiology ,Symbiosis ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Mycorrhiza ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Mycelium - Abstract
A cDNA library of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus Pisolithus tinctorius Pt2 after interaction with the mycorrhiza helper bacterium (MHB) Brevibacillus reuszeri MPt17 was constructed by suppression subtraction hybridization. Total RNA from B. reuszeri MPt17 exudates treated Pi. tinctorius Pt2 was used as a “tester” and total RNA from nonbacterial treated Pi. tinctorius Pt2 was used as a “driver.” Among the differentially expressed sequences, a BLASTX in the NCBI non-redundant protein sequence database revealed that 75% of the non-redundant sequences (147 out of 196) were highly similar to known proteins (E-value < e−5). Twelve sequences were annotated as mycelium development function combining with a potential functional categories using gene ontology. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that all of the 3 symbiosis regulated acidic polypeptide genes were all up-regulated in the MPt17-treated Pt2. These results provide evidence that the MHB B. reuszeri MPt17 could significantly change the expression of symbiosis-related genes and genes in mycelium development in ECM fungus, and also support the hypothesis that the MHB functions as helper though promotion on fungal mycelium.
- Published
- 2014
31. Cathepsin L-like Cysteine Proteinase Genes Are Associated with the Development and Pathogenicity of Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
- Author
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Wan-Jun Zhang, Miao-Miao Wu, Li-Na Deng, and Qi Xue
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,cathepsin L ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Cathepsin L ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rapid amplification of cDNA ends ,RNA interference ,Gene expression ,pathogenicity ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,development ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Pathogen ,Spectroscopy ,biology ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Computer Science Applications ,030104 developmental biology ,Nematode ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,gene expression ,biology.protein ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the pathogen of pine wilt disease (PWD), resulting in huge losses in pine forests. However, its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase (CPL) genes are multifunctional genes related to the parasitic abilities of plant-parasitic nematodes, but their functions in PWN remain unclear. We cloned three cpl genes of PWN (Bx-cpls) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and analyzed their characteristics using bioinformatic methods. The tissue specificity of cpl gene of PWN (Bx-cpl) was studied using in situ mRNA hybridization (ISH). The functions of Bx-cpls in development and pathogenicity were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA interference (RNAi). The results showed that the full-length cDNAs of Bx-cpl-1, Bx-cpl-2, and Bx-cpl-3 were 1163 bp, 1305 bp, and 1302 bp, respectively. Bx-cpls could accumulate specifically in the egg, intestine, and genital system of PWN. During different developmental stages of PWN, the expression of Bx-cpls in the egg stage was highest. After infection, the expression levels of Bx-cpls increased and reached their highest at the initial stage of PWD, then declined gradually. The silencing of Bx-cpl could reduce the feeding, reproduction, and pathogenicity of PWN. These results revealed that Bx-cpls play multiple roles in the development and pathogenic processes of PWN.
- Published
- 2019
32. Isolation and characterization of a mycorrhiza helper bacterium from rhizosphere soils of poplar stands
- Author
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Liu Zhao, Hao Li, Xiao-Qin Wu, Gui-E Li, and Jian-Ren Ye
- Subjects
Rhizosphere ,Strain (chemistry) ,fungi ,Soil Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,16S ribosomal RNA ,Microbiology ,Pisolithus ,Ectomycorrhizae ,Botany ,Colonization ,Mycorrhiza ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Bacteria - Abstract
If mycorrhizal formation could be enhanced by co-inoculation with mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) which promote rapid root colonization by specific ectomycorrhizal fungi, this would be of advantage to the poplar forest industry. A number of poplar rhizobacterial strains were isolated from 11 regions of the eastern China. Four of the isolates, SY15, DZ18, HLJ4, and PY10, were characterized as MHB potential strains based on their positive effect on growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) and Lactarius insulsus (Fr.). Under greenhouse conditions, one of the bacterial isolate, DZ18, significantly promoted the poplar trees growth and ectomycorrhizal colonization of P. tinctorius and L. insulsus on Populus deltoides Marsh. In contrast, the other three isolates SY15, HLJ4, and PY10 promoted fungal growth in vitro experiments but did not enhance ectomycorrhizal (ECM) formation in the greenhouse experiment. Therefore, it was concluded that DZ18 can be considered as an MHB strain. DZ18 was identified as Bacillus sp. based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses in combination with analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequences.
- Published
- 2013
33. Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different Virulence
- Author
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Jian-Ren Ye, Xin Fang, Xiao-Jing Tian, Ben Fan, Wei-Min Yuan, and Xiaolei Ding
- Subjects
Nematoda ,Virulence ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Botany ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,pine wilt disease ,Wilt disease ,P. thunbergii ,Bacteria ,biology ,Cell Biology ,Pinus ,biology.organism_classification ,virulence ,endophytic bacteria ,Pinus thunbergii ,Xylophilus ,Epiphytic bacteria ,Pinus massoniana ,Stenotrophomonas ,Research Paper ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the most devastating diseases of Pinus spp. The PWN was therefore listed as one of the most dangerous forest pests in China meriting quarantine. Virulence of the PWN is closely linked with the spread of PWD. However, main factors responsible for the virulence of PWNs are still unclear. Recently epiphytic bacteria carried by PWNs have drawn much attention. But little is known about the relationship between endophytic bacteria and virulence of B. xylophilus. In this research, virulence of ten strains of B. xylophilus from different geographical areas in six provinces of China and four pine species were tested with 2-year-old seedlings of Pinus thunbergii. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from PWNs with different virulence to investigate the relationship between the bacteria and PWN virulence. Meanwhile, the carbon metabolism of endophytic bacteria from highly and low virulent B. xylophilus was analyzed using Biolog plates (ECO). The results indicated that ten strains of PWNs showed a wide range of virulence. Simultaneously, endophytic bacteria were isolated from 90% of the B. xylophilus strains. The dominant endophytic bacteria in the nematodes were identified as species of Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter, Ewingella, Leifsonia, Rhizobium, and Pseudomonas using molecular and biochemical methods. Moreover, S. maltophilia, and A. xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans were the predominant strains. Most of the strains (80%) from P. massoniana contained either S. maltophilia, A. xylosoxidans, or both species. There was a difference between the abilities of the endophytic bacteria to utilize carbon sources. Endophytic bacteria from highly virulent B. xylophilus had a relatively high utilization rate of carbohydrate and carboxylic acids, while bacteria from low virulent B. xylophilus made better use of amino acids. In conclusion, endophytic bacteria widely exist in B. xylophilus from different pines and areas; and B. xylophilus strains with different virulence possessed various endophytic bacteria and diverse carbon metabolism which suggested that the endophytic bacteria species and carbon metabolism might be related with the B. xylophilus virulence.
- Published
- 2013
34. Effects of Endobacterium (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) on Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression of Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and Pine Wilt Disease
- Author
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Qi Xue, Xiu-Wen Qiu, Long-Xi He, and Xiao-Qin Wu
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Tylenchida ,differentially expressed genes ,Virulence Factors ,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ,Virulence ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,Fungus ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Article ,Microbiology ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Transcriptome ,lcsh:Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Botany ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,bacteria ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,Genes, Helminth ,Wilt disease ,Plant Diseases ,biology ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pinus ,Computer Science Applications ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Xylophilus ,transcriptome ,pine ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is responsible for devastating epidemics in pine trees in Asia and Europe. Recent studies showed that bacteria carried by the PWN might be involved in PWD. However, the molecular mechanism of the interaction between bacteria and the PWN remained unclear. Now that the whole genome of B. xylophilus (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is published, transcriptome analysis is a unique method to study the role played by bacteria in PWN. In this study, the transcriptome of aseptic B. xylophilus, B. xylophilus treated with endobacterium (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NSPmBx03) and fungus B. xylophilus were sequenced. We found that 61 genes were up-regulated and 830 were down-regulated in B. xylophilus after treatment with the endobacterium; 178 genes were up-regulated and 1122 were down-regulated in fungus B. xylophilus compared with aseptic B. xylophilus. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to study the significantly changed biological functions and pathways for these differentially expressed genes. Many pathogenesis-related genes, including glutathinone S-transferase, pectate lyase, ATP-binding cassette transporter and cytochrome P450, were up-regulated after B. xylophilus were treated with the endobacterium. In addition, we found that bacteria enhanced the virulence of PWN. These findings indicate that endobacteria might play an important role in the development and virulence of PWN and will improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the interaction between bacteria and the PWN.
- Published
- 2016
35. Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure in the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus with Different Virulence by High-Throughput Sequencing of the 16S rDNA
- Author
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Ai-Dong Zhou, Yang Xiang, and Xiao-Qin Wu
- Subjects
Tylenchida ,Virulence ,lcsh:Medicine ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,Microbiology ,Species Specificity ,Animals ,lcsh:Science ,Pathogen ,Oxalobacteraceae ,Wilt disease ,Multidisciplinary ,Bacteria ,biology ,lcsh:R ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Biodiversity ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Pinus ,biology.organism_classification ,Pinus thunbergii ,Xylophilus ,lcsh:Q ,Stenotrophomonas ,Research Article - Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen of pine wilt disease. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus is similar to B. xylophilus in morphology. Both species share a common niche, but they are quite different in pathogenicity. Presently, the role of bacteria in pine wilt disease development has been widely speculated. The diversity of bacteria associated with B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus with different virulence remains unclear. In this study, virulence of four B. xylophilus and four B. mucronatus strains were evaluated by inoculating Pinus thunbergii. High-throughput sequencing targeted 16S rDNA of different virulence nematode strains was carried out. The associated bacterial community structures of the eight strains were analyzed. The results showed that 634,051 high-quality sequences were obtained from the eight nematode strains. The number of OTUs of bacteria associated with B. mucronatus was generally greater than those of B. xylophilus. The richness of the community of bacteria associated with high virulent B. xylophilus ZL1 and AmA3 was higher than moderately virulent B. xylophilus AA3, HE2, and all B. mucronatus strains. While the diversity of bacteria associated with B. mucronatus was higher than B. xylophilus. Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonadaceae_Unclassified or Rhizobiaceae_Unclassified were predominant in the nematode strains with different virulence. Oxalobacteraceae and Achromobacter were found more abundant in the low virulent B. xylophilus and non-virulent B. mucronatus strains.
- Published
- 2015
36. Biosafety and colonization of Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 and its growth-promoting effects on poplars
- Author
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Guan-Xi Li, and Jian-Ren Ye
- Subjects
Virulence Factors ,Colony Count, Microbial ,Virulence ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Plant Roots ,Microbiology ,Mice ,Onions ,Tobacco ,Animals ,Humans ,Colonization ,Biomass ,Soil Microbiology ,Plant Diseases ,Rhizosphere ,biology ,Plant Stems ,Inoculation ,Burkholderia cepacia complex ,fungi ,Burkholderia multivorans ,food and beverages ,Phosphorus ,General Medicine ,Phosphate solubilizing bacteria ,biology.organism_classification ,Bacterial Load ,Populus ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Bacteria ,Biotechnology ,Medicago sativa - Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of bacteria with conflicting biological characteristics, which make them simultaneously beneficial and harmful to humans. They have been exploited for biocontrol, bioremediation, and plant growth promotion. However, their capacity as opportunistic bacteria that infect humans restricts their biotechnological applications. Therefore, the risks of using these bacteria should be assessed. In this study, Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 originally isolated from pine rhizosphere, which was shown to be efficient in solubilizing phosphate, was evaluated with respect to its biosafety, colonization in poplar rhizosphere, and growth-promoting effects on poplar seedlings. Pathogenicity of B. multivorans WS-FJ9 on plants was determined experimentally using onion and tobacco as model plants. Onion bulb inoculated with B. multivorans WS-FJ9 showed slight hypersensitive responses around the inoculation points, but effects were not detectable based on the inner color and odor of the onion. Tobacco leaves inoculated with B. multivorans WS-FJ9 exhibited slightly water-soaked spots around the inoculation points, which did not expand or develop into lesions even with repeated incubation. Pathogenicity of the strain in alfalfa, which has been suggested as an alternative Bcc model for mice, was not detectable. Results from gene-specific polymerase chain reactions showed that the tested B. multivorans WS-FJ9 strain did not possess the BCESM and cblA virulence genes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the colonization of the WS-FJ9 strain reached 1.4 × 10(4) colony forming units (cfu) g(-1) rhizosphere soil on day 77 post-inoculation. The B. multivorans WS-FJ9 strain could colonize the rhizosphere as well as the root tissues and cells of poplars. Greenhouse evaluations in both sterilized and non-sterilized soils indicated that B. multivorans WS-FJ9 significantly promoted growth in height, root collar diameter, and plant biomass of inoculated poplar seedlings compared with controls. Phosphorus contents of roots and stems of treated seedlings were 0.57 and 0.55 mg g(-1) higher than those of the controls, respectively. Phosphorus content was lower in the rhizosphere soils by an average of 1.03 mg g(-1) compared with controls. The results demonstrated that B. multivorans WS-FJ9 is a nonpathogenic strain that could colonize the roots and significantly promote the growth of poplar seedlings.
- Published
- 2013
37. Influence of Bxpel1 Gene Silencing by dsRNA Interference on the Development and Pathogenicity of the Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
- Author
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Xiao-Qin Wu, Lin Huang, Xiu-Wen Qiu, and Jian-Ren Ye
- Subjects
Tylenchida ,RNA interference (RNAi) ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Virulence Factors ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,pathogenicity ,pectate lyase ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Catalysis ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Botany ,Animals ,Gene Silencing ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Plant Diseases ,Polysaccharide-Lyases ,RNA, Double-Stranded ,Botrytis cinerea ,Wilt disease ,biology ,Inoculation ,fungi ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Helminth Proteins ,General Medicine ,Pinus ,biology.organism_classification ,Wood ,Computer Science Applications ,RNA silencing ,030104 developmental biology ,Pinus thunbergii ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Xylophilus ,Pectate lyase ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
As the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses by devastating pine forests worldwide. The pectate lyase gene is essential for successful invasion of their host plants by plant-parasitic nematodes. To demonstrate the role of pectate lyase gene in the PWD process, RNA interference (RNAi) is used to analyze the function of the pectate lyase 1 gene in B. xylophilus (Bxpel1). The efficiency of RNAi was detected by real-time PCR. The result demonstrated that the quantity of B. xylophilus propagated with control solution treatment was 62 times greater than that soaking in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) after B. xylophilus inoculation in Botrytis cinerea for the first generation (F1). The number of B. xylophilus soaking in control solution was doubled compared to that soaking in Bxpel1 dsRNA four days after inoculation in Pinus thunbergii. The quantity of B. xylophilus was reduced significantly (p < 0.001) after treatment with dsRNAi compared with that using a control solution treatment. Bxpel1 dsRNAi reduced the migration speed and reproduction of B. xylophilus in pine trees. The pathogenicity to P. thunbergii seedling of B. xylophilus was weaker after soaking in dsRNA solution compared with that after soaking in the control solution. Our results suggest that Bxpel1 gene is a significant pathogenic factor in the PWD process and this basic information may facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of PWD.
- Published
- 2016
38. NOS-like-mediated nitric oxide is involved in Pinus thunbergii response to the invasion of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
- Author
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Lu-Zhen Yu, Xiao-Qin Wu, Jian-Ren Ye, Chen Wang, and Sai-nan Zhang
- Subjects
Nitroprusside ,Tylenchida ,Time Factors ,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ,Endogeny ,Plant Science ,Nitrate reductase ,Nitric Oxide ,Benzoates ,Nitrate Reductase ,Nitric oxide ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Botany ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Plant Diseases ,Plant Proteins ,biology ,Inoculation ,Imidazoles ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,biology.organism_classification ,Pinus ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Enzyme Activation ,Pinus thunbergii ,chemistry ,Seedlings ,Xylophilus ,biology.protein ,Nitric Oxide Synthase ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The content of NO and H(2)O(2) as well as the activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) were monitored in the needles of Pinus thunbergii infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The results showed that the content of NO increased significantly only 8 h after the invasion of B. xylophilus, while H(2)O(2) increased 12 h after invasion. NO donor SNP could promote and NO scavenger cPTIO could prevent the production of NO and H(2)O(2). The content of NO changed earlier than that of H(2)O(2). In addition, the symptoms appeared 9, 5 and 12 days, respectively, after the inoculation with B. xylophilus, SNP pre-treatment and cPTIO pre-treatment followed by B. xylophilus infection. After B. xylophilus infection, the content of NO in P. thunbergii changed fiercely more earlier than the appearance of external symptoms, which indicated that the content of NO was related with the appearance and the development of the symptoms. The treatment with L-NNA (NOS inhibitor) inhibited the content of NO significantly, whereas, Na(2)WO(4) (NR inhibitor) had no effect. The further analysis of NOS revealed that NO changed in consistent with cNOS activity. To sum up, NO, as the upstream signal molecule of H(2)O(2), was involved in the pine early response to the invasion of B. xylophilus and influenced the accumulation of the content of H(2)O(2). Moreover, NOS-like rather than NR was responsible for the endogenous NO generation, which was modulated by cNOS during the interaction between P. thunbergii and B. xylophilus. Key message NO is involved in early response of P. thunbergii to the invasion of B. xylophilus and NOS is the key enzyme responsible for NO generation in P. thunbergii.
- Published
- 2012
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