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The development of high-performance anode materials is one of the greatest challenges for the practical implementation of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology. Copper (Cu) has a much higher electrical conductivity than carbon-based materials usually used as anodes in MFCs. However, it is an unsuitable anode material, in raw state, for MFC application due to its corrosion and its toxicity to microorganisms. In this paper, we report the development of a Cu anode material coated with a corrosion-resistant composite made of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) doped with carbon nanofiber (CNF). The surface modification method was optimized for improving the interfacial electron transfer of Cu anodes for use in MFCs. Characterization of CNF-PDMS composites doped at different weight ratios demonstrated that the best electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties are obtained at 8% weight ratio of CNF/PDMS mixture. Electrochemical characterization showed that the corrosion rate of Cu electrode in acidified solution decreased from (17 ± 6) × 103 μm y−1 to 93 ± 23 μm y−1 after CNF-PDMS coating. The performance of Cu anodes coated with different layer thicknesses of CNF-PDMS (250 µm, 500 µm, and 1000 µm), was evaluated in MFC. The highest power density of 70 ± 8 mW m−2 obtained with 500 µm CNF-PDMS was about 8-times higher and more stable than that obtained through galvanic corrosion of unmodified Cu. Consequently, the followed process improves the performance of Cu anode for MFC applications.

Modification of electrode surfaces is a promising strategy to improve microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. Here we report a new functionalization process to improve interfacial electron transfer, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of stainless steel (SS) electrodes used as anodes in MFCs. SS anodes prepared by surface modification with a thin layer (200 μ m) of conducting composite made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) doped with commercially available carbon nanofibers (CNF), are described. Electrochemical characterization showed that the corrosion rate of SS electrode in an acid solution decreased from 367 μ m.y ^−1 to 31 μ m.y ^−1 after CNF-PDMS coating. Electric characterization demonstrated that the maximum power density generated by MFCs after 16 days with SS/CNF-PDMS anodes (19 mW.m ^−2 ) is 5 times higher and more stable than that with unmodified SS (3.7 mW.m ^−2 ). The cyclic voltammetry analysis indicated that the electrochemical activity of the modified anode was enhanced significantly after 16 days and the electron transfer was facilitated by CNF-PDMS modification. Microscopic observations and electrochemical characterization showed that CNF-PDMS composite improved biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the SS anode surfaces. These results confirmed that the CNF-PDMS modification is a promising approach to improve the properties of anode materials for MFC application.