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There have been few studies that highlight the use of metaphor in political discourse and election, but none of those studies focus on the election abstention –known in Indonesia as Golput phenomena- and the discussion of the intertwined components in metaphor. This research aims to investigate various metaphor components in the metaphorical description used to describe the abstention during the Indonesian election 2019 within the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980). Kovecses (2003) highlighted components of metaphor are also used to examine the essential components of conceptual metaphor in the use. The sources of data were from five foreign media reports that discuss the Indonesian issue of election abstention. The result shows there few essential components that can be revealed behind a metaphor such as the importance of mental image, cultural context, and highlighted elements in metaphor that contribute to the metaphorical function and interpretation

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This research aims to investigate the metaphorical description of abstention during the Indonesian election 2019 in foreign media news by analyzing the source domains and various metaphor components found in the metaphors. Lakoff's and Johnson's theory is used for revealing the beliefs, attitudes, and ideology behind metaphors. Kövecses' idea (2003), which highlights, the components of metaphor, is also used for examining the essential components in the metaphors analyzed. This study is a qualitative study. It examines five foreign media reports on abstentions in Indonesian elections, which are used as the data for this study. The findings show that the essential components behind the metaphor are mental images, cultural contexts, and elements highlighted in the metaphors. They contribute to the metaphorical function and interpretation. The metaphors that illustrate the electoral abstentions are used for pointing out beliefs, attitudes, and ideologies in several sub-domains that describes the expectations of the results and the reasons of the non-voting groups, which also trigger their voting actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical study takes a cognitive perspective and examines the translation of metaphors in speeches by Chinese President Xi Jinping as collected in the first volume of the book The Governance of China published in 2014. The study draws upon Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory and Newmark's categories of translation procedure for metaphors. The researchers' data analysis has shown that (1) four out of the eight existing translation procedures for metaphors are employed in translating Xi's metaphors, and (2) while the use of one translation procedure reflects similar cognitive mapping conditions between the source and the target culture, the use of the other procedures does not always correlate with the similarities or differences in cognitive mappings between the two cultures in question. The research raises new inquiries regarding metaphor translation, and the researchers accordingly discuss the implications of their findings for metaphor translation pedagogy and future translation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to study the conceptualization of silence in the poetry of John Keats. Linguistic manifestation of the experience of silence in selected poems is investigated. This study differs from previous work about silence in Keats. It takes a cognitive perspective in which metaphors of silence are analyzed from a conceptual point of view. With this goal in mind, I use the current approach of metaphor, primarily conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) to analyze the selected metaphorical expressions. The cognitive methodology can serve as a useful tool in understanding the metaphorical representations of silence in Keats's poetry. The article, therefore, aims to explain and understand how the term "silence" is conceptualized in terms of various experiences from different domains of knowledge. I argue that Keats's poems show evidence that the poet represented silence variously. In some of his poems, silence is presented symbolically as an intense experience, such as uncomfortable silence that disturbs and vexes the mind. It can also stand for a negative mental state or a mood that reflects the inner personal experience. Other forms of silence will also be discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metaphor of God as the Rock, with its nascent imagery of stability, strength, and protection, is a popular refrain in the Hebrew Bible, especially in the book of Psalms, and with some interesting additions in the book of Deuteronomy. The analysis here focuses on the Song of Moses (Deut 32:1-43), where its associated text and imagery portrays God, who is represented as the Rock, as a source of faithfulness and righteousness, who gives birth to Israel, judges her, and saves her. Such attributes belong to God and not to the metaphorical rock. Using the cognitive approach to metaphors, this article offers an understanding of God our Rock and of the poet's intended reorientation associated with the use of the metaphor. The article finds the origins of the metaphor of the rock, as in Deuteronomy 32, in the Pentateuchal context of the desert leitmotif and the events at Horeb/Sinai. This conclusion challenges the view that the metaphor and its associated attributes was borrowed from Canaanite mythology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article treats the phenomenon of hyperbole as a test which allows, on the one hand, to see the weakness of the cognitive approach adopted today for the study of the trope, on the other hand, the strengths of rhetorical view of the trope. The idea that rhetoric tropes were mere embellishments of speech is challenged. The role of tropes in cultivation of language and communicative space is underlined. Metaphor and hyperbole are seen as tropes which, are most closely connected with the cultural context and language conventions. The connection between these tropes is demonstrated by the example of antonomasia. From a rhetorical point of view both metaphors and hyperboles set cultural standards. The paradox of hyperbole is that when dealing with a homogeneous object, at the same time it does not enter into an active interaction with it (with a certain maximum or minimum), while the metaphor when dealing with heterogeneous entity actively interacts with the domain involved, which is reflected in the cognitive approach. Consequently, in the hyperbole the role of unconsciously perceived social guide is reduced, while the role of reference, helping us to build communication is strengthened. A marker of conventionality is contained in the very nature of hyperbole. In metaphor we see the opposite picture. However, in the metaphor there are markers of conventionality (in some of its forms or contexts), and this makes its social role similar to the social role of hyperbole. Both rhetorical and cognitive approaches recognize the social role of the trope. But the rhetorical approach, focused on the development of communicative space is invariant with respect to the tropes and contexts of their use. After decline of rhetoric the cognitive approach, focused on the mapping of mental space, and restored trope’s social role. The approach has a varying degree of relevance for different tropes and their contexts.

Since Confucius and Aristotle, various theories have been developed regarding metaphor study, the latest being the cognitive approach. This paper reviews cognitive approach to metaphor in terms of nature, structure and properties. Such cognitive view on metaphor is conductive to human language conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we shall discuss the semantics of the lexical items which have been employed with reference to nakedness. The theoretical framework adopted in this article is that of cognitive linguistics, whose emergence in the second half of the 20th century gave a new impetus to semantic research. In particular, we shall discuss the words which denoted nakedness in the past, but which fell into oblivion (e.g. unbehelod, nscrȳdd), we shall also focus on the similes (e.g. as naked as a jaybird, naked as a robin, naked as a worm, naked as a needle) as well as the phrases and idioms (e.g. mother naked, belly naked, in the buff, in stag, in the altogether, in the nude, in one's birthday suit, in a state of nature, in the raw) which pertain to the conceptual category NAKEDNESS. Furthermore, we attempt to answer the following research questions: (1) What processes are the most productive in terms of creating new synonyms of nakedness? (2) How many metaphorical schemas can be formulated on the basis of the analysis? (3) How many and which conceptual domains play a crucial role in the rise of the new lexical items whose senses are connected with the conceptual category NAKEDNESS? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a reflection on the stakes involved in the use of metaphor to construct a hypermedia generated at the communicational level. It is inscribed in a cognitive approach to metaphorical understanding. The principal objective, beyond taking a « for or against » position towards the conceptual tool, is to propose three typologies of metaphor. The underlying hypothesis is that each category leads to particular effects on the user at the level of his/her understanding of the apparatus and at the level of his/her representation of the contents that this allows for.

Interdisciplinary work is one of the most prominent features in the Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) field. However, little research has been carried out in this area. The main aim of this paper is to present some ideas on interdisciplinary application in LSP teaching and research. It likewise seeks to clarify the concept of interdisciplinary work. Following a cognitive approach, some examples of civil engineering terminology are analysed. This highlights practical ways in which interdisciplinary action can be implemented and im-proved upon from within the LSP sphere.

There have been debates among metaphor theorists concerning the realization of metaphors both in literature and outside literature, including the continuity, or discontinuity between the two. The aims of this paper, however, are to examine the uses and functions of those types of metaphor on the basis of conceptual metaphor categories (i.e. orientational, ontological, and structural metaphors) identified in economics text as part of social sciences. This study adopts a theoretical framework which consists of two parts: (1) a cognitive approach, (2) a corpus-based approach. It is conducted by employing a qualitative method, particularly a textual analysis taking the form of a case study, including quantitative data in the form of frequencies of metaphor occurrence. Analyses of the uses and functions of conceptual metaphor in economics text are conducted using a monolingual corpus as data which is taken from some English economics textbooks (i.e. Micro- and Macroeconomics, Management, and Economic Development). WordSmith Tools version 5.0 is also utilized based on key words having higher Keyness Index for eliciting examples of metaphorical expressions existing in the study corpus. Research findings reveal that nineteen types of metaphor representing the three conceptual metaphor categories have been widely used in the economics text and function as alternative methods to explain, discuss, even argue those abstract concepts in economics, including economic realities, in more concrete ways. The findings also strongly support the debate that there is the continuity in terms of categorization (i.e. methodology) adopted in dealing with the types of metaphor existing in literature and outside literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars in children's literature have frequently commented on the humorous and ideological functions of intertextuality. There has however, been little discussion of the cognitive processes at work in intertextual interpretation and how they provide readers with more interpretive freedom in the meaning-making process. Drawing on research from the field of metaphor studies and the interdisciplinary area of cognitive poetics, this article suggests that the interpretation of foregrounded intertextuality is analogous to the interpretation of metaphoric expression. Current models of metaphor interpretation are discussed before I outline my own intertextuality-based variant. The cross-mapping model developed is then applied to literary intertexts in Inkheart and cultural intertexts in Starcross in order to show how the model might work with intertexts of varying degrees of specificity and that serve different narrative functions. The explanatory power of the cross-mapping model is not limited to cases where elements in the primary storyworld can be directly matched with those in the intertext, but extends to instances that involve a recasting of the intertext and thus retelling as in Princess Bride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present some of the most relevant approaches to the study of metaphor. Being a widespread feature of everyday language, metaphor has been the subject of different and sometimes controversial theories advanced not only by linguists, but also by philosophers, psychologists etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaphors in business rhetoric are dominant in practice while ignored in theory because business people are not aware of their own rhetoric, and because most of them are dead in the way that these metaphors were live when first created, then became dead through use. The most part, the bulk of the vocabulary of business, consists of metaphors taken from non-economic spheres. Non-economists, like us, find it easier to see the metaphors used than the business people. Thus, I believe that an investigation of metaphor in business texts is useful in determining the different functions metaphors play such as, a non-decorative role, more precisely, as a language necessity in communicating efficiently in business, and, at the same time, a cognitive tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaphor translation has been treated as part of the more general problem of 'untranslatability'. This trend stems from the fact that metaphors in general are associated with 'indirectness', which in turn contributes to the difficulty of translation. Different theories and approaches have been proposed with regard to metaphor translation, each of which has tackled this problem from a different point of view. In this paper, the writers argue in favor of a cogno-cultural framework for metaphor translation based on the 'Cognitive Translation Hypothesis' (henceforth CTH) proposed by Mandelblit (1995). Using authentic examples from English and Arabic along with their translation, the paper discusses translation of metaphor with reference to culture, and 'similar mapping conditions' as well as 'different mapping conditions' proposed by the cognitive approach. The core of this framework is based on the hypothesis that the more two cultures conceptualize experience in similar ways, the more the first strategy, 'similar mapping conditions', applies -- and the easier the task of translation will be. Otherwise, the second strategy will apply and the task will be more difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are numerous rhyme-tables ... surviving from the Ming and Qing dynasties. For the most part, however, they do not faithfully reflect the pronunciations or the phonetic systems of the spoken language of the time. Rhyme-tables based on musical elements ... or the xiang-su ... from the Book of Changes ... are metaphor-based innovations developed by their authors. Although to the modem eye they look wild and unorganized and are unable to satisfy the needs of scholars looking to reconstruct the phonetic system of Ancient Chinese, the structure of these rhyme-tables and the terminology used therein embody their authors' understanding of phonetic structure and principles of phonetic change. This paper will look at these rhyme-tables from the perspective of cognition. Using Fauconnier and Turner's theory of blended space, we will take the Huangzhong tongyyun ... to be the result of conceptual integration in order to clarify its structural principles and the reasons why its phonetic scheme was not faithful to actual pronunciations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]