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GF/rubber composites have sound insulation characteristics, heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength. The compounding machine's long working hours will inevitably wear the metal on the end face of the compounding machine. The wear of the end face metal will increase the gap between the chamber and the end face, which will lead to material leakage, reduce the mixing effect, and eventually affect the performance of GF/rubber composites. To ensure the implementation of GF/rubber composites, it is necessary to study the frictional wear behavior of GF/rubber composites on metals. In this paper, the effect of blending rubber with different amounts of GF on the frictional wear of metal on the end face was analyzed from the perspective of the formulation process, and the ratio of corrosion wear and abrasive wear was calculated for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal mixers play a critical role as blending equipment in the rubber industry, operating for extended hours under high intensity. Investigating the wear patterns of internal mixers holds paramount importance in curbing dust leakage and prolonging their operational lifespan during the mixing process. Thermal cracked carbon black (CBp), an economically viable material derived from waste rubber, stands as a potential substitute for other carbon blacks in specific applications. This substitution aids in waste rubber recycling, thereby promoting ecological sustainability. This study centers on the amalgamation of CBp and graphene oxide (GO) in varying proportions, incorporated into the rubber matrix via mechanical blending. The objective is to produce composite materials, namely CBp/GO/NR, and comprehend the synergistic mechanisms between CBp and GO. Furthermore, the study analyzes the impacts of different CBp/GO ratios on metal friction and wear at the internal mixer's end faces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations divulge a collaborative behavior between GO and CBp particles within the rubber matrix, culminating in a spatial "honeycomb" network structure. On one hand, GO's two-dimensional planar network structure aids in CBp particle dispersion. Conversely, this planar network restricts the overflow of aromatic oils in CBp particles, influencing oil film formation on the rubber surface. Simultaneously, the planar network of GO creates a physical isolation layer between the rubber and the metal components. The inclusion of GO in the rubber matrix introduces notable alterations in CBp particle dispersion, friction coefficient, metal surface roughness, and metal wear. In summary, the optimum interaction between GO and CBp particles is achieved when the GO content in the composite material reaches 4 phr. This interaction leads to superior CBp particle dispersion and minimal metal wear in the composite material. • Produce CBp/GO/NR composites, understand CBp and GO synergy. • Analyze CBp/GO ratios on metal friction/wear at mixer faces. • SEM shows collaborative GO and CBp behavior, "honeycomb" structure. • Optimal GO-CBp interaction at 4 phr in composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) is an inorganic polymer composed of -(SiH 2 –NH)- repeating structural units. When used as a coating material, it has the advantages of good solubility, simple curing conditions, flexible curing process, and simple preparation method and can significantly save processing time and cost. This paper investigates the frictional behavior of the PHPS-coated metals cured at different temperatures with NR/BR/SBR composites. The effects of different curing temperatures on the PHPS coatings are characterized using infrared absorption spectroscopy. After curing, the asymmetric stretching and oscillating vibration peaks of the Si–O–Si groups are formed, which is attributed to the hydrolysis reaction of Si–N and Si–H and the subsequent cross-linking curing reaction. The denseness of PHPS coatings increases with the increase in curing temperature. When the curing temperature is 400 °C, the cross-linking curing effect of PHPS is the strongest, and the denseness of the PHPS coating is the best. Furtherly, the frictional wear of metal with NR/BR/SBR composites is analyzed from the perspective of the formulation process for the first time, and the ratio of abrasive wear and corrosion wear is calculated qualitatively. It is found that increasing the curing temperature of the PHPS coating can significantly reduce metal wear and improve corrosion resistance, which is attributed to the formation of the ethanol-water molecular film on the surface of the PHPS coating. The ethanol-water molecular film isolates the contact between the PHPS-coated metal and the NR/BR/SBR composite to a certain extent, acting as a lubricant and thus reducing friction. After rubbing the cured PHPS-coated metal with NR/BR/SBR composite, the wear amounts of the cured PHPS-coated metal at 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C are reduced by 49.06%, 66.74%, and 87.33%, respectively, and the corrosion resistance are improved by 51.52%, 63.64%, and 78.79%, respectively. • The friction behaviour of silicone-coated metal and rubber composites cured at different temperatures was investigated. • The metal wear of the coating cured at 300℃ is reduced by 66.74%, and the corrosion resistance is increased by 63.64%. • After curing at 400℃, the metal wear is reduced by 87.33%, and the corrosion resistance is increased by 78.79%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the essential mixing equipment, long hours of work can cause wear and tear on the end face of the compactor. The wear of the end faces leads to an increase in the gap between the chamber and the end faces, which leads to leakage, reduces the mixing effect, and ultimately affects the rubber properties. Therefore, it is necessary to study the end face metal wear during the mixing process. Thermally cracked carbon black, as recycled material for scrap rubber, can be used as a substitute for other carbon blacks in some fields, vastly reducing the production cost and promoting the reuse of scrap rubber. In this paper, thermally cracked carbon black (CBp) was mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and added rubber by mechanical blending to obtain CBp/MWCNTs composites. The synergistic mechanism of CBp and MWCNTs was investigated to analyze the effect of CBp/MWCNTs ratios on the frictional wear of metal on the end face of the compactor. The results showed that MWCNTs cooperated with CBp particles to form a three-dimensional "grape bunch" network structure. On the one hand, the three-dimensional "grape bunch" network structure can adsorb CBp particles to promote the dispersion of CBp particles. On the other hand, the three-dimensional "grape bunch" network structure can also hinder the overflow of aromatic oil and affect oil film formation. At the same time, the three-dimensional "grape bunch" network structure can also form a physical isolation layer between the rubber and the metal. This significantly influences the degree of CBp particle dispersion, friction coefficient, metal surface roughness, and metal wear. It seems that the synergistic effect between MWCNTs and CBp particles is maximized when the content of MWCNTs in CBp/MWCNTs composites is 4 phr, the area of CBp/MWCNTs three-dimensional mesh is maximized, the dispersion of CBp particles is the best, and the wear of CBp/MWCNTs composites on metal is the lowest. • As the essential mixing equipment, long hours of work can cause wear and tear on the end face of the compactor. • The effect of the synergistic effect of CBp and MWCNTs on the friction and wear of end-face metal was analyzed. • The results showed that MWCNTs cooperated with CBp particles to form a three-dimensional "grape bunch" network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal mixer is an important mixing component in industrial applications. Studies show that when a mixer operates for a long time, wear may appear at the end face of the internal mixer. On the other hand, abrasion of the end face increases the gap between the mixing chamber and the end face. Then, leakage occurs, which reduces the mixing effect and affects the rubber performance. Therefore, it is of significant importance to study the wear of the end face during the mixing process. Graphene oxide (GO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have excellent electrical characteristics and thermal conductivity so that they have been widely used in various fields such as synthesized composite rubbers. GO and MWCNTs are mechanically blended into natural rubber to obtain GO/MWCNTs composite material. In the present study, the influence of the GO/MWCNTs ratio on the friction and wear of the end face of the internal mixer is analyzed. The obtained results show that MWCNTs and GO molecules interact to form a three-dimensional network structure, which has a greater impact on the degree of silica dispersion, silanization reaction, and metal wear. As the GO content increases, the average friction coefficient between rubber and metal, metal roughness, the proportion of abrasive wear, and the amount of metal wear gradually decrease. The lowest values can be achieved when the amount of added GO is set to 3 phr. When the GO in the mixture exceeds 3 phr, the friction coefficient between rubber and metal, and the metal roughness change, thereby affecting the proportion of abrasive wear and increasing the amount of metal wear in the mixing process. In this experiment, the amount of CNT that reduces GO aggregation is 6 phr. On the whole, when the ratio of GO/MWCNTs is 3/6, the synergistic effect of MWCNTs and GO molecules is maximized, the area of the three-dimensional network structure of GO/MWCNTs is the largest, the dispersibility of SiO 2 is the best, and the amount of wear of the composite material on the metal is the lowest. • In the present study, the influence of the GO/MWCNTs ratio on the friction and wear of the end face of the internal mixer is analyzed. • The obtained results show that MWCNTs and GO molecules interact to form a three-dimensional network structure. • It is concluded that the metal wear is minimized when the ratio of GO/MWCNTs in the GO/MWCNTs composite is set to 3/6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]