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Aim: We aimed to investigate the association between low muscle mass (LMM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the definition of LMM., Methods: This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2008 to 2011. We used appendicular skeletal muscle adjusted for height (ASM/Ht 2 ) and weight (ASM/Wt) as definitions of LMM. Class I and Class II LMM were defined as ASM/Ht 2 or ASM/Wt from 1 to 2 standard deviations (SDs) or 2 SDs below the mean for young adults, respectively., Results: A total of 6370 participants were included in analysis: 58.5% were women. The mean age of participants in this study sample was 72.3 ± 4.8 years. In the fully adjusted model, ASM/Ht 2 was inversely related to MetS prevalence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.770, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.600-0.988 for class I, aOR 0.473, 95% CI, 0.327-0.684 for class II). In contrast, MetS prevalence increased in class I (aOR 1.902, 95% CI 1.510-2.396) and class II LMM (aOR 2.831, 95% CI 2.194-3.655) using ASM/Wt. ASM/Ht 2 was proportional to the waist circumference and the number of metabolic features, whereas ASM/Wt was inversely proportional in both sexes. Stratified analysis showed that the association was robust regardless of the cardiovascular risk factors., Conclusion: In Korean older adults, ASM/Wt is positively associated with MetS prevalence, whereas ASM/Ht 2 is inversely associated, regardless of the cardiovascular risk factors. Waist circumference and the number of metabolic features were directly proportional to ASM/Ht 2 , but inversely proportional to ASM/Wt. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1003-1009., (© 2021 Japan Geriatrics Society.)

We aimed to examine whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with mobility in the older adults, using the timed up and go (TUG) test which is one of the most widely used tests for evaluating mobility. This is population-based study with the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database of National Health Information Database. Participants included were those who completed the TUG as part of the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages. An abnormal TUG result was defined as a time ≥ 10 s. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between MetS and TUG results. We constructed three models with different levels of adjustment. Furthermore, we conducted a stratified analysis according to the risk. Among the 40,767 participants included, 19,831 (48.6%) were women. Mean TUG value was 8.34 ± 3.07 s, and abnormal TUG test results were observed in 4,391 (10.8%) participants; 6,888 (16.9%) participants were categorised to have MetS. The worst TUG test results were obtained in participants with three or four MetS features, and a J-shaped relationship of each MetS feature, except triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), with TUG test was found. Participants with MetS had 18% higher likelihood of showing abnormal TUG test results in a fully adjusted model (adjusted odds ratio 1.183, 95% confidence interval 1.115-1.254). The stratified analysis revealed that participants with central obesity, high blood pressure, and normal HDL-C and TG were more likely to have abnormal TUG times. Participants with MetS had a higher risk of exhibiting abnormal TUG results, and except for HDL-C and TG, all other MetS features had a J-shaped relationship with TUG. Preventive lifestyle such as lower carbohydrate and higher protein intake, and endurance exercise is needed.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have been used extensively to identify genetic variants linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS), but most of them have been conducted in non-Asian populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MetS and previously studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and their interaction with health-related behavior in Korean men., Methods: Seventeen SNPs were genotyped and their association with MetS and its components was tested in 1193 men who enrolled in the study at Seoul National University Hospital., Results: We found that rs662799 near APOA5 and rs769450 in APOE had significant association with MetS and its components. The SNP rs662799 was associated with increased risk of MetS, elevated triglyceride (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein, while rs769450 was associated with a decreased risk of TG. The SNPs showed interactions between alcohol drinking and physical activity, and TG levels in Korean men., Conclusions: We have identified the genetic association and environmental interaction for MetS in Korean men. These results suggest that a strategy of prevention and treatment should be tailored to personal genotype and the population.

Goals: We aimed to simultaneously evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection diagnosed histologically and serologically in a large number of healthy Korean adults., Background: Serological positivity for HP does not necessarily indicate current infection. No study to date has compared the association between metabolic syndrome and HP infection diagnosed by histologic and serological status., Study: HP status was ascertained histologically and serologically in healthy Korean adults who underwent comprehensive health screening in a private health screening center in Korea. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed, after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and income level., Results: A total of 5889 subjects were included in the analysis. The metabolic syndrome was more strongly associated with histologic positivity for HP [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.48] than serologic positivity (aOR=1.12, 95% CI, 0.95-1.32), after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and economic status., Conclusions: The stronger association between metabolic syndrome and histologic positivity than serological positivity suggests that the effects of HP infection on the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic outcomes may be reversible. Further prospective studies are needed.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Studies have shown that PSA is negatively associated with obesity as a result of hemodilution or metabolic effect. Hemodilution could be the main reason for low PSA levels in obese men. However, the intrinsic metabolic effects such as insulin resistance (IR) or metabolic syndrome (MS) on PSA level have not been clearly evaluated although obesity is closely tied to MS and IR. We regarded MS and IR as the pathophysiological cornerstone of metabolic disorder in obesity and analyzed the relationships among MS, IR, and PSA levels, and plasma volume by using the concept of PSA mass, the total circulating PSA protein. PSA mass did not change depending on the severity of the obesity, MS or IR. Even the group with both MS and IR, which could be the most metabolically disturbed in this study, did not have different PSA mass, comparing with the group without any MS or IR. Thus, the decline in PSA level in men with MS or IR can be also explained by increased plasma volume other than any intrinsic metabolic effects., Objective: • To investigate the detailed mechanism of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline in metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR), which lowers the predictive value of the PSA test, we examined the effect of haemodilution and the possibility of an intrinsic metabolic effect., Patients and Methods: • We analysed 28,315 men who underwent routine check-ups. We compared the age-adjusted mean PSA levels in subjects with and without MS before and after adjusting or stratifying the plasma volume. We analysed changes in PSA level, plasma volume and PSA mass according to obesity grade, number of MS components, IR severity and diagnosis of MS, IR or both using an analysis of covariance., Results: • The PSA levels were lower in the group with MS than in the group without MS (P= 0.001), but this difference disappeared after adjusting or stratifying the plasma volume (P > 0.05 for all). The PSA levels decreased, plasma volume increased, and PSA mass did not change as the number of MS components increased (P= 0.002, P < 0.001, P= 0.55, respectively) or the IR severity increased (P= 0.001, P < 0.001, P= 0.34, respectively). • Similarly, PSA levels were lower, plasma volumes were higher and PSA masses were the same in subjects with MS (P= 0.002, P < 0.001, P= 0.10, respectively), IR (P= 0.018, P < 0.001, P= 0.94, respectively), or both (P= 0.003, P < 0.001, P= 0.86, respectively) than in subjects without those conditions., Conclusion: • The PSA decline in MS and IR may result simply from a haemodilution effect and be unrelated to intrinsic metabolic disturbances. For this reason, PSA levels could be underestimated in patients with MS or IR because of haemodilution., (© 2011 THE AUTHORS. BJU INTERNATIONAL © 2011 BJU INTERNATIONAL.)