Search

Trans-resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is one of the most promising stilbenes, a type of natural phenol that is produced naturally by some plant species in response to stress. Resveratrol exhibits multiple bioactivities and is used in the agriculture, medical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its antitumor, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antioxidant properties. Due to the increasing demand, an active area of investigation is the use of plant cell culture and metabolic engineering techniques to produce large quantities of active resveratrol. However, most recent studies have focused on the efficiency of synthesizing resveratrol in vitro, but have not investigated the contributions of the transcriptional activities of the genes encoding the related enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway. This article reviews recently developed methods for the biosynthesis of resveratrol and comprehensively reviews the current state of knowledge of the function of the key pathway enzymes in resveratrol synthesis. Approaches for enhancing resveratrol production, such as introducing non-pathway genes and co-localizing enzymes are described in detail.

Pulcherriminic acid is a cyclic dipeptide found mainly in Bacillus and yeast. Due to the ability of pulcherriminic acid to chelate Fe3+ to produce reddish brown pulcherrimin, microorganisms capable of synthesizing pulcherriminic acid compete with other microorganisms for environmental iron ions to achieve bacteriostatic effects. Therefore, studying the biosynthetic pathway and their enzymatic catalysis, gene regulation in the process of synthesis of pulcherriminic acid in Bacillus can facilitate the industrial production, and promote the wide application in food, agriculture and medicine industries. After initially discussing, this review summarizes current research on the synthesis of pulcherriminic acid by Bacillus, which includes the crystallization of key enzymes, molecular catalytic mechanisms, regulation of synthetic pathways, and methods to improve efficiency in synthesizing pulcherriminic acid and its precursors. Finally, possible applications of pulcherriminic acid in the fermented food, such as Chinese Baijiu, applying combinatorial biosynthesis will be summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]