1. Right, left and cilia: How asymmetry is established.
- Author
-
Little RB and Norris DP
- Subjects
- Animals, Cilia ultrastructure, Embryo, Mammalian, Feedback, Physiological, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Homeodomain Proteins metabolism, Humans, Left-Right Determination Factors genetics, Left-Right Determination Factors metabolism, Mesoderm growth & development, Mesoderm ultrastructure, Mice, TRPP Cation Channels genetics, TRPP Cation Channels metabolism, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Wnt3 Protein genetics, Wnt3 Protein metabolism, Homeobox Protein PITX2, Body Patterning genetics, Cilia metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Mechanotransduction, Cellular genetics, Mesoderm metabolism
- Abstract
The initial breaking of left-right (L-R) symmetry in the embryo is controlled by a motile-cilia-driven leftward fluid flow in the left-right organiser (LRO), resulting in L-R asymmetric gene expression flanking the LRO. Ultimately this results in left- but not right-sided activation of the Nodal-Pitx2 pathway in more lateral tissues. While aspects of the initial breaking event clearly vary between vertebrates, events in the Lateral Plate Mesoderm (LPM) are conserved through the vertebrate lineage. Evidence from model systems and humans highlights the role of cilia both in the initial symmetry breaking and in the ability of more lateral tissues to exhibit asymmetric gene expression. In this review we concentrate on the process of L-R determination in mouse and humans., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF