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Introduction: Depression is a common mental disorder whose management remains delicate, given the trans-nosographic nature of this syndrome. Two common types of depression are bipolar and unipolar depression. Although they share many similar symptoms, several differences between the two pathologies are suggested in prior studies. Objectives: We aimed to compare the disease characteristics and evolution of unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study among medical records of 167 patients hospitalized for a depressive episode (DE) at the Psychiatry "B" Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital (Sfax, Tunisia), during the period between 2015 and 2017. Patients were divided into two groups according to DSM-5 criteria: those with bipolar disorder I or II (bipolar depression) versus those with major depressive disorder (unipolar depression). Results: The mean age of our patients was 37.6 years, with a female predominance (sex-ration F/M =1.7). The age of onset of the disease was earlier in bipolar depressed patients (29.36 versus 31.89), without a significant relationship. Family psychiatric history was significantly more prevalent in bipolar disorder patients (73.5% versus 37.3%; p<0.001). Bipolar patients are more likely to be unemployed (65.3% versus 50.8%), but without a significant relationship. Bipolar patients were more likely to be hospitalized for suicide attempts (44.9% versus 35.6%; p=0.2). Conclusions: Distinguishing between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is important because there are differences in the optimal management of these conditions. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The evaluation of manic behavior with later onset is crucial, as various organic factors such as medications, infections, metabolic disturbances, tumors, and epilepsy can serve as potential etiological causes. While not universally observed, most studies indicate a connection between late-onset mania and neurological disorders like neurosyphilis. Objectives: Our study aims to investigate the relationship between late-onset mania and neurosyphilis. Methods: In this paper, we present a case of neurosyphilis presenting exclusively with symptoms of mania. Results: A 72-year-old Tunisian woman with no prior medical or psychiatric history was referred to the psychiatric emergency room due to alterations in her mental state and behavior over the past ten days. During the psychiatric assessment, she displayed increased motor activity, fluctuating emotions, and rapid flow of ideas. The general physical examination yielded no notable findings. The serum Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test returned a strongly positive result (+++), and the TPHA examination confirmed a positive result at a titer of 1/60. In the serologic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, VDRL was also positive, thereby confirming the diagnosis of neurosyphilis (NS). The diagnosis of mania secondary to a medical condition was established. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone and antimanic medications, resulting in a significant improvement in her psychiatric symptoms within a few days. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of conducting serologic testing for syphilis in patients who present with manic symptoms, experience a late-onset mental disorder, and have no prior history or family history of affective disorders. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]