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As part of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) biennial strategy, the provincial survey component of the first CCHS cycle (Cycle 1.2) focused on different aspects of the mental health and well-being of Canadians living in private dwellings. Moreover, the survey collected data on prevalences of specific mental disorders and problems, use of mental health services, and economic and personal costs of having a mental illness. Data collection began in May 2002 and extended over 8 months. More than 85% of all interviews were conducted face-to-face and used a computer-assisted application. The survey obtained a national response rate of 77%. This paper describes several key aspects of the questionnaire content, the sample design, interviewer training, and data collection procedures. A brief overview of the CCHS regional component (Cycle 1.1) is also given.