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Hintergrund: Die COVID-19-Pandemie (Corona Virus Disease 2019) hat innerhalb kürzester Zeit das gesellschaftliche Leben grundlegend verändert. Bei politischen Entscheidungen steht oft die Abwägung zwischen der Pandemiebekämpfung und den möglichen negativen wirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen im Vordergrund. Zunehmend finden jedoch auch die psychologischen und sozialen Auswirkungen des Lockdowns Beachtung. Fragestellung: Wie hat sich die psychische Gesundheit von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Deutschland während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie und der dadurch bedingten Kontaktbeschränkungen in Deutschland verändert? Material und Methoden: Die Analysen basieren auf Längsschnittdaten von bundesweit per Zufallsverfahren ausgewählten Ankerpersonen des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam. Die hier betrachtete Altersgruppe der Geburtsjahrgänge 2001-2003 wurde im Jahr 2018/2019 erstmalig im Zuge einer Aufstockungsstichprobe befragt und 854 dieser Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Alter von 16-19 Jahren nahmen auch an der COVID-19-Zusatzbefragung von Mai bis Juli 2020 (erster Lockdown) teil. Die Depressivität wird mit der State-Trait Depression Scale erhoben. Ergebnisse: Während des ersten Lockdowns zeigte sich bei den jungen Menschen ein deutlicher Anstieg depressiver Symptome: Vor dem Lockdown hatten 10,4% klinisch relevante depressive Symptome [95%-KI: 8,4; 12,5], im Frühjahr 2020 stieg dieser Anteil auf 25,3% [95%-KI: 22,4; 28,2]. Das Risiko, depressive Symptome zu entwickeln, war bei weiblichen Jugendlichen und jungen Frauen erhöht. Der Migrationshintergrund zeigte sich als ein ähnlich starker Risikofaktor: Die Prävalenz depressiver Symptome stieg bei Migrationshintergrund von 11% auf 33%. Diskussion: Um diese Risikogruppen zu erreichen, sind flächendeckende, zielgruppenspezifische und niedrigschwellige Angebote der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung nötig. Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed social life within a very short time. Lockdown policies often consider the tradeoff between containing the spread of the pandemic and negative consequences for the economy. Policymakers should pay more attention to the psychological and social impacts of the lockdown. Research question. How did the mental health of adolescents in Germany change during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown? Materials and methods. Analyses are based on longitudinal data from nationwide randomly selected anchors of the German family panel pairfam. The age group considered here, born between 2001 and 2003, was surveyed for the first time in 2018/2019 in the course of a refreshment sample, and 854 of these adolescents and young adults aged 16-19 also participated in the COVID-19 supplementary survey from May to July 2020 (first lockdown). Depressiveness is assessed with the State-Trait Depression Scale. Results. During the first lockdown, adolescents show a significant increase in depressive symptoms. Prior to the lockdown, 10.4% had clinically relevant depressive symptoms [95% CI: 8.4; 12.5]. In spring 2020, the prevalence increased to 25.3% [95% CI: 22.4; 28.2]. Young women have a significantly higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than men of the same age. Immigrant background is an equally strong risk factor. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents with an immigrant background increased from 11% to 33%. Discussion. To address this increased mental health risk and the inequalities, policymakers and society should ensure access and availability of target-group-specific and low-threshold prevention and counselling.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global threat and has affected physical as well as mental health adversely. There had been an exponential rise in COVID-19 cases in India from May to October 2020. Isolation, hospitalization, and stigmatization were significant issues in COVID-19 crisis. The literature is sparse on the mental health effects on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to describe the psychological consequences and coping strategies of COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary health-care hospital. The objectives were (1) to assess the psychological consequences in COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital, (2) to assess the coping strategies in these COVID-19 patients, and (3) to find correlations of sociodemographic characteristics, psychological consequences, and coping strategies of these COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional qualitative study, 100 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection participated. In-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaire. The narratives were coded into themes and correlations of variables generated were done using Chi-square test. Results: The most common themes about the psychological state of patients were loneliness and isolation (56%), adjustment issues in the hospital (54%), and concerns about family members (32%). Patients who had family members also suffering from COVID-19 illness (24%) had more concerns about their health (Chi-square 25.209, P = 0.00) and had worries of their future (Chi-square 7.023, P = 0.008). Females had more worries about family members (Chi-square 16.295, P = 0.00) and had more concerns about their own health (Chi-square 5.71, P = 0.01). The most common coping strategies used by patients were digital communication with family members (82%), distraction (58%), and communicating with other co-patients (30%) to deal with their psychological distress. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection leads to psychological distress due to multiple factors. Timely interventions with support for effective coping mechanisms can help in alleviating the distress.

COVID-19 represents unprecedented challenges for the entire community. Much of Australia’s commercial sector has voluntarily deployed strategies to support social distancing ahead of any lock downs. Businesses are working to safely maintain operations and a productive workforce throughout social isolation/distancing for an unknown duration. Yet uncertainty, ambiguity and radical change are breeding grounds for anxiety, stress and helplessness. Conditions that contradict safe mental health practices for work. The Australian perspective includes the cumulative stressors of the bushfires, torrential rains and floods. Each of these stressors was an environmental stressor. But people and businesses knew what to do. The newest cumulative stressor is remote work becoming the norm. Workplaces have often had a mediating effect as a point of social interaction. Legally mandated safe spaces that people could connect and be productive within. There is much research on the connection between social isolation and loneliness. Organisations need to support workers in maintaining social connections, team cohesion and productivity throughout these times. This paper will explore the health and safety legal obligations that apply in this context and outline a practical framework for organisations to contribute to and reinforce a positive state of mental health during the mass remote work experiment.

Introduction: A high-risk job, firefighting involves a wide range of tasks. Given the difficult nature of the job with all the responsibilities included, and in addition to the impending physical injuries, firefighters undergo several emergencies which can endanger their psychological health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the psychological consequences of firefighters' work conditions. Materials and Methods: The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. Using the purposeful sampling method, 16 firefighters were selected from fire stations across the city of Kerman, Iran; saturation criteria were used in the selection of participants. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. In this way, first, the interviews were coded, and then based on the similarity of codes, 4 main categories were extracted. Results: results showed that persistent stress (caused by the sound of fire alarms and announcement of fire emergencies, trying to make it to the scene on time, worrying about not being on time, and not finding the address of the incidents, complications, and uncertainties of the incidents), sleep problems (these include sleep disturbances, insomnia, difficulty maintaining sleep, startled waking up, somniloquy), negative emotions reminiscent of painful events, and difficulty in establishing good relationships with family members, are the most important psychological consequences that firefighters faced due to their working conditions. Conclusion: Considering the important role of firefighters in providing services in emergencies, the psychological consequences of this job are risk factors that harm the health and the performance of firefighters. Therefore, appropriate measures and planning need to be taken to manage and reduce ongoing stress and improve the quality of firefighters' sleep. To manage and reduce negative emotions and their family problems, appropriate training should be provided.

The alarming levels of spread and severity of COVID-19 have dominated global attention. In this time of crisis, there is an urgent need for studies identifying the linkages between the pandemic and social welfare. To help policymakers respond to the situation better, we investigate how the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic can condition people's psychological well-being. Employing the latest weekly panel data within an individual fixed effects framework, we uncover the damaging consequences of the COVID-19 severity, as measured by mortality rate, on the incidences of daily anxiety, worry, displeasure, and depression in the United States. Our work underlines the importance of public spending on mental health, both during and after the pandemic.

Later-life loneliness is increasingly recognized as an important public health issue. In this study, we examine whether having more children and grandchildren is protective against later life loneliness in a group of Eastern and Western European countries. Drawing on data from the Generation and Gender Surveys, we estimated logistic regression models of the likelihood of being lonely among men and women aged 65 and older. The results showed a negative association between number of children and loneliness among men and women in both Eastern-European and Western-European countries. A mediation analysis performed using the KHB decomposition method showed that grandparenthood status partly explained differences in the loneliness risks of childless women, mothers with one child and those with two or more children. Among men, the mediating role of grandparenthood was significant in Eastern Europe and marginally significant in Western countries. Given the relatively strong reliance of older people on the family in Eastern Europe, we expected that the protective effects of offspring on loneliness would be stronger in Eastern-European countries than in Western-European countries. This hypothesis was supported only in part by our results. The protective effect of having four or more children was larger in the East than in the West. Overall, our findings indicate that having close family members, including more children and at least one grandchild, has a protective effect against later-life loneliness in both country clusters considered. Zusammenfassung Einsamkeit im Alter wird zunehmend als ein wichtiges Thema der öffentlichen Gesundheit anerkannt. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir anhand einer Gruppe von ost- und westeuropäischen Ländern, ob das Vorhandensein von mehr Kindern und Enkelkindern vor Einsamkeit im späteren Leben schützt. Anhand von Daten aus dem Generation and Gender Survey schätzen wir logistische Regressionsmodelle zur Wahrscheinlichkeit von Einsamkeit bei Männern und Frauen ab 65 Jahren. Sowohl in ost- als auch in westeuropäischen Ländern zeigen die Ergebnisse einen negativen Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der Kinder und der Einsamkeit von Männern und Frauen. Eine Mediatoranalyse nach der KHB-Methode ergibt, dass der Status der Großelternschaft teilweise Unterschiede in den Einsamkeitsrisiken von kinderlosen Frauen, Müttern mit einem Kind und solchen mit zwei oder mehr Kindern erklärt. Bei den Männern ist die mediierende Rolle der Großelternschaft in Osteuropa signifikant und in den westlichen Ländern marginal signifikant. Angesichts des relativ großen Vertrauens älterer Menschen in die Familie in Osteuropa erwarten wir, dass Protektionseffekte von Nachkommen auf die Einsamkeit in den osteuropäischen Ländern stärker ist als in den westeuropäischen Ländern. Diese Hypothese wird nur teilweise durch unsere Ergebnisse bestätigt. Der Protektionseffekt von vier oder mehr Kindern ist im Osten größer als im Westen. Insgesamt deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass enge Familienmitglieder, darunter mehrere Kinder und mindestens ein Enkelkind, eine protektive Wirkung hinsichtlich Einsamkeit im Alter in beiden untersuchten Ländergruppen haben., JFR - Journal of Family Research, Vol 31 No 2 (2019): Families, health, and well-being

The objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographic review of the impact of domestic violence on mental health at the international and national level. The tracking process was carried out from scientific documents that started from a review, selection, analysis and presentation of results; such as University USB, GOOGLE ACADEMIC, EBSCO, PSICODOC Y PsycINFO and certain inclusion and exclusion criteria; where 38 articles met these criteria. In which it was identified that VIF is a serious public health problem affecting the quality of life, the spheres of functioning and the mental health of a person; the population most affected at a general level are boys, girls, women and adolescents. A legal tracing is also carried out in order to publicize the different governmental and legal aspects that protect people who have been victims of domestic violence. It is concluded that VIF is a complex phenomenon that is increasing, being necessary to act quickly in this situation to prevent the consequences that occur in mental health and mitigate domestic violence through the identification of risk factors; in this way, to promote a more timely and priority attention in the area of health, also favoring the understanding of the legal and investigative framework El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica del impacto de la violencia intrafamiliar en la salud mental a nivel internacional y nacional. El proceso de rastreo se realizó a partir de documentos científicos que partieran de una revisión, selección, análisis y presentación de resultados; tales como Universidad USB, GOOGLE ACADEMICO, EBSCO, PSICODOC Y PsycINFO y determinados criterios de inclusión y exclusión; donde 38 artículos cumplieron dichos criterios. En los cuales se identificó que la VIF es un grave problema de la salud pública afectando la calidad de vida, las esferas del funcionamiento y la salud mental de una persona; la población más afectada a nivel general son los niños, niñas, mujeres y adolescentes. También se realiza un rastreo a nivel jurídico con el fin de dar a conocer los diferentes aspectos gubernamentales y jurídicos, que protegen a las personas que han sido víctimas de la violencia intrafamiliar. Se concluye que la VIF es un fenómeno complejo que va en aumento, siendo necesario actuar de manera rápida frente a esta situación para prevenir las consecuencias que se presentan en la salud mental y mitigar la violencia intrafamiliar a través de la identificación de factores de riesgos; de esta manera, propiciar una atención más oportuna y prioritaria en el área de salud, favoreciendo igualmente la comprensión del marco jurídico e investigativo.

The Coronavirus pandemics, or the Covid-19, came as an unwelcomed guest who did not want to leave, where people until today do not know for sure all the ways it affects people's health and overall being. The year 2020 will be remembered as the one in which life almost stopped. A year full of losses that continue, from losing people dear to us, to losing jobs, opportunities, and freedom in almost every sense. This paper covers the consequences of the Covid-19 outbreak that it had on people, focusing on the job loss and unemployment, the healthcare opportunities and availabilities, the gender discrimination in the process of losing jobs, and the most importantly the psychological consequences people suffered from, due to isolation, inability to work and to provide.

Background Public health recommendations and government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced restrictions on daily-living. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey (ECLB-COVID19) was launched on April 6, 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing. Methods The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online-survey-platform and was promoted by thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western-Asia and the Americas. All participants were asked for their mental wellbeing (SWEMWS) and depressive symptoms (SMFQ) with regard to %during% and %before% home confinement. Results Analysis was conducted on the first 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%). The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on both mental-wellbeing and on mood and feelings. Specifically, a significant decrease (p < .001 and %% = 9.4%) in total score of the SWEMWS questionnaire was noted. More individuals (+12.89%) reported a low mental wellbeing %during% compared to %before% home confinement. Furthermore, results from the mood and feelings questionnaire showed a significant increase by 44.9% (p < .001) in SMFQ total score with more people (+10%) showing depressive symptoms %during% compared to %before% home confinement. Conclusion The ECLB-COVID19 survey revealed an increased psychosocial strain triggered by the home confinement. To mitigate this high risk of mental disorders and to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle (AHCL), a crisis-oriented interdisciplinary intervention is urgently needed.

Perceived social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly has had an extraordinary global impact, with significant psychological consequences. Changes in our daily lives, feeling of loneliness, job losses, financial difficulty, and grief over the death of loved ones have the potential to affect the mental health of many. In an atmosphere of uncertainty, it is essential that clear and precise information is offered about the problem and how to manage it. In this contribution, a rationale is provided for an urgent call for a rapid response to the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Moreover, suggestions for individuals to regulate their emotions effectively and appropriately are provided. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Wie beeinflussen gesellschaftliche Faktoren die psychische Gesundheit? In welchen sozialen Kontext ist die Erfahrung von Migrantinnen zu verorten, die an Depression erkrankt sind? Die Soziologin Amina Trevisan ergründet hierzu Depressionserfahrungen migrierter Frauen aus Lateinamerika mit Methoden der Biographieforschung. 17 Migrantinnen erzählen ihre Krankheits- und Leidenserfahrungen sowie ihre Verarbeitungsstrategien. Sie drücken eigene Kompetenzen, aber auch viel soziales Leiden aus, das durch gesellschaftliche Bedingungen mitverursacht ist. Die Autorin kommt durch detaillierte Fallstudien zu Forschungsergebnissen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Depressionserkrankung und gesellschaftlichen, migrations- und schichtspezifischen Faktoren verdeutlichen. Das Buch richtet sich an sozialwissenschaftlich Interessierte, an Praktizierende im Bereich Migration und Gesundheit sowie an Migrierte, Betroffene und Angehörige.

The scale of disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to adversely affect the mental health of a large number of people. In this Note, the author shares her strategies for dealing with uncertainty and anxiety. Recounting her personal experiences, she reveals how simple breathing exercises and meditation practices helped her accept and respond to a traumatic experience as well as an unexpected illness. A number of studies appear to support the view that breathing exercises and meditation can help people manage anxiety. It is suggested that these studies highlight the relevance and value of these practices in the current distressing conditions.

International audience; BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is a serious concern for workers’ mental health and well-being in high risk work sectors. OBJECTIVE: This study examined victims’ and witnesses’ experiences after exposure to workplace violence, and the types of help they used to cope with the violent event.METHODS: Workers (n = 211) from five different work sectors participated in our study. Multiple mediation analysis was used to investigate the indirect effects through psychological and work consequences on victims’ versus witnesses’ differential likelihood of using formal, paraformal and informal helping.RESULTS: Results showed that workplace violence has detrimental effects on both victims and witnesses. Direct victims were more negatively affected psychologically and at work than witnesses. The indirect effect through psychological difficulty after experiencing workplace violence was significant in predicting formal helping. The indirect effect through reduced work functioning in predicting paraformal helping was also significant. No significant indirect effect was found in predicting informal helping.CONCLUSIONS: Both victims and witnesses used multiple types of helping to cope with the violent event. This study has practical implications on management and clinical practices for better organizations of resources in helping victims and witnesses to cope with workplace violence.

Despite advances in knowledge and understanding about the impacts of domestic violence on women's lives, global research on violence against women shows there is a need for research that not only places women centre stage in research praxis, but also that involves them more collaboratively in genuine dialogue about their experiences, including their agentic stances. This is especially the case for marginalised and socially excluded women victims of domestic violence, such as those who are not known or do not present to services and who survive abusive relationships alone or with little outside support. Evidence from two studies reported here—secondary analysis of women with severe and enduring mental health problems and a collaborative narrative project with unsupported women victims of domestic violence—suggest that women's capacity for agency are compromised by a number of critical factors, and that these are also reflected in the tensions between micro–macro analyses and understanding of the impact of domestic violence on women. This article considers the barriers to women's agency from the women's perspective and in the context of broader, systemic dynamics, including the denial or obscuring of abuse by governments and states and the consequences of stringent fiscal retrenchment that put women at increased risk of domestic violence.

Cyberbullying is a relatively new phenomenon associated with the widespread adoption of various digital communication technologies, including the internet and mobile phones. As of 2013, nearly 20% of youths in grades 9–12 in the US reported being traditionally bullied in face-to-face encounters while almost 15% reported being cyberbullied (Kann et al., 2014). Bullying victimization is associated with a variety of behavioral and psychological effects, from becoming bullies themselves (i.e., bully-victims), to poor academic performance, depression and suicidal ideation (Nansel et al., 2001; Wang, Nansel, & Iannotti, 2011; Willard, 2007). Research on these phenomena has focused primarily on white youth, leaving a void in our understanding of how cyberbullying has affected youth of color. This narrative literature review addresses this oversight by providing an overview of recent cyberbullying research that focuses on Hispanic, Asian and black adolescents (k=15). We found that youth of color appear to be less likely to experience cyberbullying than white youth but they experience suicidal ideation and attempts at about the same rates when they do experience cyberbullying.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo, analizar el impacto psicosocial que el conflicto armado tiene en la salud mental individual y comunitaria de 30 mujeres cabeza de hogar en situación de desplazamiento forzado en el departamento del Quindío. Para ello se aplicó una ficha de caracterización, la cual indicó que el 53% de las mujeres desplazadas no siente que controla su vida emocional, un 90% no accede a redes de apoyo social y el 70% no cuenta con relaciones de comunicación positiva en la familia. Igualmente, muchas de ellas no tienen oportunidades educativas permanentes (70%) considerándose excluidas y señaladas por la comunidad (47%). El estudio indicó que el 80% no ha solicitado asistencia psicológica y que un 67% piensa que la comunidad favorece el acceso a recursos y servicios por lo que su vida cultural y social es activa (70%).Abstract:This research aims to analyze the psychosocial impact caused by the armed conflict both on the individual and the community mental health of 30 women-headed households in a situation of displacement in the State of Quindío. For such a purpose, a characterization card was applied, which showed that 53% of displaced women are not able to control their emotional life, 90% do not have access to social support networks, and 70% do not have positive communication relations within the family. Also, many of them do not have permanent educational opportunities (70%) considered themselves excluded and pointed at by the Community (47%). The study indicated that 80% did not request psychological assistance and 67% think that the community favors the access to resources and services, which makes their cultural and social life active (70%)

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