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Objective: to estimate the prevalence of self-mutilation among adolescents and the factors that influence it. Method: this is a systematic review with meta-analysis. The search was carried out October 2021 in the following databases: SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE and PubMed databases, with the descriptors “Adolescente” and “Comportamento autodestrutivo” and “Adolescent” and “Self-destructive behavior”, combined by the Boolean operator “AND.” We included studies published between 2015 and 2021, quantitative, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, available in full. We excluded documents that did not contain the amount referring to adolescents who practiced self-mutilation, duplicate and review studies. Study selection was performed by pairs, removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, reading titles, abstracts and full text. In the end, the sample consisted of 86 studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the R software through the elaboration of forest plot, heterogeneity test, funnel test and Egger’s test. Results: the prevalence of self-mutilation among adolescents averaged 21%, with the United States standing out with the highest percentage. Among the identified factors, older adolescents, female, economically disadvantaged, who experience family conflicts, with parents with low education, victims of violence and bullying and who have friends with suicidal behavior stood out. Conclusion: self-mutilation is socially determined so that its prevalence varies according to the integration between different factors. In this context, it is necessary for nursing professionals to offer emotional support to adolescents and their families. RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de automutilación entre adolescentes y los factores que influyen en ella. Método: revisión sistemática con metanálisis. La búsqueda se realizó en el mes de octubre de 2021 en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE y PubMed, con los descriptores “Adolescente” y “Comportamiento autodestructivo” y “Adolescent” y “Self-destructive behavior”, combinados por el operador booleano “AND”. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2021, cuantitativos, en portugués, inglés y español, disponibles en su totalidad, y documentos que no contenían lo cuantitativo referente a adolescentes que practicaron automutilación, estudios duplicados y de revisión. La selección de estudios se realizó por parejas a partir de la remoción de duplicados y la aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, lectura de títulos, resúmenes y texto completo. Al final, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 86 estudios. El metanálisis se realizó mediante el software R mediante la elaboración del forest plot, prueba de heterogeneidad, prueba de embudo y prueba de Egger. Resultados: la prevalencia de automutilación entre adolescentes presentó un promedio de 21%, destacándose Estados Unidos con el mayor porcentaje. Entre los factores identificados, se destacaron los adolescentes mayores, del sexo femenino, en desventaja económica, que viven conflictos familiares, con padres con baja escolaridad, víctimas de violencia y bullying y que tienen amigos con conducta suicida. Conclusión: la automutilación está socialmente determinada, por lo que su prevalencia varía según la integración entre diferentes factores. En ese contexto, es necesario que el profesional de enfermería brinde apoyo emocional a los adolescentes y sus familias. RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência da automutilação entre os adolescentes e os fatores que a influenciam. Método: revisão sistemática com metanálise. A busca foi realizada no mês de outubro de 2021 nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE e PubMed, com os descritores “Adolescente” e “Comportamento autodestrutivo” e “Adolescent” e “Self-destructive behavior,” combinados pelo operador booleano “AND”. Foram incluídos os estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2021, quantitativos, em português, inglês e espanhol, disponíveis na íntegra, e excluídos os documentos que não continham o quantitativo referente aos adolescentes que praticaram automutilação, estudos duplicados e de revisão. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por pares a partir da remoção de duplicatas e da aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, leitura de títulos, resumos e texto completo. Ao final, a amostra foi composta por 86 estudos. A metanálise foi realizada pelo uso do software R por meio da elaboração do forest plot, teste de heterogeneidade, teste de funil e teste de Egger. Resultados: a prevalência de automutilação entre adolescentes apresentou uma média de 21%, destacando-se os Estados Unidos com o maior percentual. Dentre os fatores identificados, destacaram-se: adolescentes mais velhos, do sexo feminino, desfavorecidos economicamente, que vivenciam conflitos familiares, com pais com baixa escolaridade, vítimas de violência e de bullying e que possuem amigos com comportamentos suicidas. Conclusão: a automutilação configura-se como socialmente determinada de modo que a sua prevalência varia de acordo com a integração entre os diferentes fatores. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário que o profissional de Enfermagem ofereça apoio emocional aos adolescentes e aos familiares.

Resumen: En los últimos años, ante el incremento del uso del ciberespacio, ha florecido la violencia, y con ella la aparición de diversos trastornos mentales, entre ellos la depresión. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones ejecutadas entre 2019 y 2022 sobre la relación ciberbullying y depresión en población adolescente. Método: Selección de artículos en búsquedas de 90 estudios, escritos en español o en inglés, 2 en REDIB y 88 PubMed, en la fecha 2/2/2022. Método: Los términos de búsqueda fueron: “cyberbullying” and “depresión” and “depression” and “adolescencia”. Resultados: Los artículos seleccionados por sus resúmenes para su análisis fueron 33: 7 muestras de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, 5 de China, 5 de España, 2 de Perú, 2 de Turquía, y 1 de Rumania, Qatar, Bélgica, Taiwán, Singapur, Bangladesh, Suecia y Australia y 4 revisiones y metaanálisis de diversos países no especificados en los resúmenes. Participaron un total de 14.300 adolescentes y los de revisión sistemática y metaanálisis fueron 237960. Se detallan en una tabla los instrumentos utilizados, cuantitativos, donde predominan escalas de Cyberbullying y Depresión tanto, para investigar la correlación entre las mismas, además de la medición de otras variables mediadoras y moderadoras. Conclusiones: Confirma hallazgos sobre la asociación significativa cibervictimización y depresión y el efecto predictivo significativo del Cyberbullying sobre la depresión., Introduction: In recent years, due to the increased use of cyberspace, cyberviolence has flourished, and with it the appearance of various mental disorders, including depression. Objective: Carry out a systematic review with the objective of analyzing investigations, between 2019 and 2022, on the relationship between cyberbullying and depression in the adolescent population, of articles selected in searches of 90 studies, written in Spanish or in English, 2 in REDIB and 88 in PubMed on the date 2/2/2022. The search terms were “cyberbullying” and “depresión” and “depression” and “adolescencia”. The articles selected for their abstracts for analysis were 33: 7 samples from the United States of America, 5 from China, 5 from Spain, 2 from Peru, 2 from Turkey, and 1 from Romania, Qatar, Belgium, Taiwan, Singapore, Bangladesh, Sweden, and Australia and 4 reviews and meta-analyses from various countries not specified in the abstracts. A total of 14,300 adolescents participated and those of the systematic review and meta-analysis were 237,960. The quantitative instruments used, where the Cyberbullying and Depression scales predominate, are detailed in a table, to investigate the disturbance between them, in addition to the measurement of other mediating and moderating variables. This study confirms the demonstration of a significant association between cybervictimization and depression and the significant predictive effect of cyberbullying on depression.

Background The negative impact of trauma work has been well documented in mental health professionals. There are three main phenomena used to describe these effects: Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), Vicarious Trauma (VT) and Compassion Fatigue (CF). To date, the majority of research has focused on the contribution of individual level factors. However, it is imperative to also understand the role of organizational factors. Objectives This review examines the role of organizational factors in ameliorating or preventing STS, VT, and CF in mental health professionals. We further aimed to identify specific elements of these factors which are perceived to be beneficial and/or detrimental in mitigating against the effects of STS, VT, and CF. Method Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and SCOPUS with final searches taking place on 10 March 2021. Results Twenty-three quantitative studies, eight qualitative studies, and five mixed methods studies were included in the final review. A narrative synthesis was conducted to analyse the findings. The results of the review highlight the importance of regular supervision within supportive supervisory relationships, strong peer support networks, and balanced and diverse caseloads. The value of having an organizational culture which acknowledges and validates the existence of STS was also imperative. Conclusions Organizations have an ethical responsibility to support the mental health professionals they employ and provide a supportive environment which protects them against STS. This review provides preliminary evidence for the types of support that should be offered and highlights the gaps in the literature and where future research should be directed. Further research is needed to evaluate which strategies – and under what conditions – best ameliorate and prevent STS., HIGHLIGHTS Organizations have a responsibility to protect mental health professionals from vicarious trauma.Regular supervision, peer support, diverse caseloads, specific trauma training, and a culture which validates vicarious trauma were identified as key protective factors.

Anxiety is one of the major mental health problems in today's society and physical exercise has been proposed as a possible treatment. The aim of the study was twofold: 1) to determine which measurement and monitoring instruments were used for the evaluation of anxiety when a physical exercise program was implemented; 2) to analyze the effectiveness of physical exercise applied for the reduction of anxiety disorder through recent scientific publications. A review was performed using PRISMA method, in PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycArticles and SPORTDiscus with the descriptors of Anxiety AND Exercise between 2015- 2021. An initial 289 papers were obtained. Criteria were applied finally selecting 22 studies to analyze. The STAI continues to be the most widely used instrument. Physical exercise has been shown to be a valid guideline in reducing anxiety and improving mental health. La ansiedad es uno de los mayores problemas de salud mental en la sociedad actual. El ejercicio físico se ha planteado como un posible tratamiento para este trastorno. El estudio tuvo un doble objetivo: 1) determinar qué instrumentos de medida y monitorización se usaban para la evaluación de la ansiedad cuando se ponía en marcha un programa de ejercicio físico. 2) Analizar la efectividad del ejercicio físico aplicado para la reducción del trastorno de ansiedad a través de las publicaciones científicas recientes. Se realizó una revisión con método PRISMA, en: PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycArticles y SPORTDiscus con los descriptores de Anxiety AND Exercise entre 2015-2021. Se obtuvieron 289 documentos iniciales. Al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 22 estudios para analizar. El STAI sigue siendo el instrumento más utilizado. El ejercicio físico se ha demostrado como una pauta válida en la reducción de ansiedad y la mejora de la salud mental.

Stress may have a negative effect on mental health and is the primary environmental risk factor in the aetiology of depression. Nevertheless, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this mood disorder remain poorly characterized. The hippocampus is a target structure of the adverse effects of stress, and hippocampal neuro- genesis plays a crucial role. However, we do not know the mechanisms by which stress impacts neurogenesis. Recent studies indicate that changes in neuroinflammation, primarily via microglial cells, may play an essential role in this process. However, the relationship between stress, microglial changes, and alterations in neurogenesis and their involvement in the development of depression is poorly characterized. For this reason, this systematic review aims to synthesise and evaluate current studies that have investigated the relationship between these variables. Taken together, the revised data, although not entirely conclusive, seem to suggest that microglial changes induced by psychological stress regulate neurogenesis and in turn may be responsible for the devel- opment of depressive-like behaviours, but other factors that influence these stressful experiences should not be dismissed. We would like to thank the University of Malaga/CBUA for the contribution to the payment of the open access charge. This study was supported by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion ´ y Universidades – Agencia Estatal de Investigacion ´ (PSI 2017-83408-P) to C.P. and Ministerio de Universidades (FPU16/05308 to AN-Q). PC-P has been funded by the research project PSI 2017-83408- P as technician (CI-19-082).

Antecedentes: Un Smartphone es actualmente una de las herramientas más utilizadas en nuestra vida diaria. En salud mental se está incorporando el uso de aplicaciones móviles (apps) en evaluación e intervención para mejorar el proceso y los resultados terapéuticos. Objetivo: examinar la disponibilidad de apps en castellano para evaluación e intervención en salud mental con población clínica y no clínica. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica publicada durante los últimos cinco años en Scopus, PubMed y PSYCinfo. Se seleccionaron aquellos artículos que estudiaban el funcionamiento de una aplicación móvil en población adulta española para evaluación y/o intervención en salud mental. La selección de los estudios incluidos fue llevada a cabo por dos revisores, que resolvieron las discrepancias mediante consenso. Resultados: De 193 artículos identificados, 11 fueron seleccionados para la revisión sistemática. Se presentan los resultados según la población atendida (población general y población clínica) y, dentro de población clínica, según la sintomatología abordada. Conclusiones: Pese a que todavía el uso de apps en castellano en el ámbito de la salud mental es limitado, existen resultados prometedores que apuntan hacia la necesidad de seguir estudiando este campo para potenciar la calidad y eficiencia de la atención en salud mental, Background: A Smartphone is currently one of the most used tools in our daily life. In mental health, the use of mobile applications (apps) in assesment and intervention is being incorporated to improve the therapeutic process and outcomes. Objective: to examine the availability of mobile applications in Spanish for the evaluation and intervention in mental health with clinical and non-clinical population. Method: A search of scientific literature published during the last five years was carried out in Scopus, PubMed and PSYCinfo. Those articles that studied the functioning of a mobile 3 application for assesment or intervention in mental health in adult population from Spain were selected. The selection of the included studies was carried out by two reviewers, who resolved discrepancies by consensus. Results: Of 193 articles identified, 11 were selected for the systematic review. Results are presented according to the population attended (general population or clinical population) and within the clinical population, according to the symptoms addressed. Conclusions: Although the use of mobile applications in Spanish in the field of mental health is still limited, there are promising results that point to the need for further field to enhance the quality and efficiency of mental health care.

Este trabajo propone realizar una revisión sistemática sobre el estado de la cuestión de las políticas públicas en el campo de la salud mental en América Latina, para describir los abordajes teóricos y metodológicos. La revisión sistemática, según la Declaración PRISMA, se lleva a cabo en Agosto de 2020 y se seleccionan veinticinco artículos científicos provenientes de 6 bases de datos que refieren a publicaciones en castellano entre 2010-2020, en donde se concluye la importancia de las políticas públicas en salud mental sobre temas referidos a salud pública, discapacidad, niñez e inclusión social, garantizando así los derechos humanos esenciales de cada sujeto., This work proposes to carry out a systematic review on the state of the art of public policies in the field of mental health in Latin America, to describe the theoretical and methodological approaches. The systematic review, according to the PRISMA Declaration, is carried out in August 2020 and twenty-five scientific articles are selected from 6 databases that refer to publications in Spanish between 2010-2020, where the importance of public policies is concluded in mental health on issues related to public health, disability, childhood and social inclusion, thus guaranteeing the essential human rights of each subject., Facultad de Psicología

The aim of this study was to assess the psychological impact among healthcare workers who stand in the frontline of the SARS-CoV-2 crisis and to compare it with the rest of healthcare professionals, by means of a systematic review of Western publications. The systematic review was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases and 12 descriptive studies were reviewed. The European and American quantitative studies reported moderate and high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance and burnout, with diverse coping strategies and more frequent and intense symptoms among women and nurses, without conclusive results by age. In the first line of assistance the psychological impact was greater than in the rest of the health professionals and in the Asian area. It is necessary to go deeper into the emotional experiences and professional needs for emotional support in order to design effective interventions for protection and help.El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el impacto psicológico entre el personal sanitario de primera línea en la asistencia a pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 y compararlo con el resto de profesionales sanitarios, a través de una revisión sistemática de la producción científica en el ámbito occidental. La revisión se realizó en las bases PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science y se seleccionaron 12 artículos. Los estudios cuantitativos realizados en Europa y EE. UU. refirieron niveles moderados y altos de estrés, ansiedad, depresión, alteración del sueño y burnout, con estrategias de afrontamiento diversas y síntomas más frecuentes e intensos entre mujeres y enfermería, sin resultados concluyentes por edad. En la primera línea de asistencia, el impacto fue mayor que en el resto de profesionales sanitarios y que en el ámbito asiático. Se requiere profundizar en las experiencias emocionales y necesidades profesionales de apoyo emocional, para diseñar intervenciones eficaces de protección y ayuda.

In this study, we developed a systemic literature review (2006-2016) on the prison system considering gender issues, aiming to get to know the themes under study about the incarceration of women and men around the world. The databases used were Scopus, Psycinfo and Virtual Health Library. After the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 studies from 13 countries were selected. In the results, it was observed that the theme mental health, particularly drug addiction, was recurrent. Overall, the studies about women discuss relationships beyond prison and the life trajectories marked by violence. Research on the male prison population, on the other hand, mostly addresses the dynamics established inside the prisons. In addition, the men are given the role of perpetrators of the aggressions, being rarely positioned as victims. Finally, many of the articles analyzed considered gender as dichotomous in gender/sex. That was particularly clear in the studies about mixed penal populations. Beyond critically discussing the different impact and experience of incarceration for both, various studies in the review merely used the concept as a way to descriptively distinguish the collected data. Resumen: En este estudio, desarrollamos una revisión sistémica de la literatura (2006-2016) sobre el sistema penitenciario considerando cuestiones de género, con el objetivo de conocer los temas en estudio sobre el encarcelamiento de mujeres y hombres en todo el mundo. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Scopus, Psycinfo y Virtual Health Library. Luego de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 32 estudios de 13 países. En los resultados, se observó que el tema de la salud mental, particularmente la adicción a las drogas, era recurrente. En general, los estudios sobre las mujeres discuten las relaciones más allá de la prisión y las trayectorias de vida marcadas por la violencia. La investigación sobre la población carcelaria masculina, por otro lado, aborda principalmente las dinámicas establecidas dentro de las cárceles. Además, a los hombres se les asigna el papel de perpetradores de las agresiones, y raramente se los posiciona como víctimas. Finalmente, muchos de los artículos analizados consideraron el género como dicotómico en género / sexo. Eso fue particularmente claro en los estudios sobre poblaciones penales mixtas. Más allá de discutir críticamente el impacto diferente y la experiencia del encarcelamiento para ambos, varios estudios en la revisión simplemente utilizaron el concepto como una forma de distinguir descriptivamente los datos recopilados. Resumo: Neste estudo, realizou-se uma revisão sistematizada da literatura (2006-2016) sobre o sistema prisional que contemplem questões de gênero, de modo a conhecer as temáticas que estão sendo estudadas acerca do aprisionamento de mulheres e homens no mundo. As bases de dados utilizadas foram Scopus, Psycinfo e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 32 estudos de 13 países foram selecionados. Nos resultados, observou-se que a temática de saúde mental, em especial a questão da drogadição, foi recorrente. De modo geral, os estudos sobre mulheres tratam das relações extramuros e das trajetórias de vida marcadas pela violência. Já as pesquisas sobre população prisional masculina versam, em sua maioria, sobre as dinâmicas estabelecidas no interior das prisões. Aos homens, ainda, é conferido o papel de perpetuadores das agressões, raramente posicionados como vítimas de agressão. Por fim, muitos dos artigos analisados compreenderam gênero como dicotômico em instâncias gênero/sexo. Isso ficou especialmente claro nos estudos sobre populações penais mistas. Mais do que abordar criticamente a diferença do impacto e da vivência do encarceramento para homens e mulheres, vários estudos apenas valeram-se do conceito como forma de diferenciar descritivamente os dados obtidos.

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) might adversely affect the health status of the patients, producing cognitive deterioration, with depression being the most common symptom. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence of depression in patients before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out, involving a study of the past 10 years of the following databases: CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science. The total sample comprised n = 16,501 patients. The total number of items was n = 65, with n = 29 included in the meta-analysis. Based on the different measurement tools used, the prevalence of depression pre-CABG ranges from 19-37%, and post-CABG from 15-33%. There is a considerable presence of depression in this type of patient, but this varies according to the measurement tool used and the quality of the study. Systematically detecting depression prior to cardiac surgery could identify patients at potential risk. Yes

Objective: To explore the typology of implemented salutogenic interventions and the health effects described by the authors. Method: A scoping review of the literature published (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus) over the last ten years (2007-2016) was conducted. Articles that included interventions with assessments of health outcomes were selected for this review. The kappa index (86.4%) was calculated for the classification and extraction of information. Results: 61 papers were selected out of the 676 works identified. These were categorized into individual, grouped, mixed and intersectoral interventions. A total of 85% of the interventions described positive effects. Adverse effects were not reported. Methodological limitations were identified in 75% of the papers. The interventions addressed a large variety of topics, especially in the field of mental health and chronic diseases. Collective actions described more positive effects. Intersectoral actions were the only type of interventions to have approached the impact of mortality reduction. Conclusions: Findings support the existence of positive health effects of salutogenic approaches. Important methodological limitations were identified, such as biases in the selection of participants and sample sizes. Studies need to be conducted with improved monitoring and evaluation designs. A more robust theoretical framework and tools to evaluate the salutogenic contents are needed. Resumen: Objetivo: Conocer el tipo de las intervenciones salutogénicas identificadas en la literatura científica y los efectos descritos por los autores en la salud de la población. Método: Se realizó una scoping review de trabajos publicados entre los años 2007 y 2016 en español, inglés y francés en PubMed, Embase, Web of Science y Scopus. Se seleccionaron y clasificaron trabajos de investigación que contemplaran una intervención con evaluación de resultados en salud. Se calculó el índice kappa (86,4%) para la clasificación y la extracción de la información. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 61 trabajos de investigación entre 676 trabajos identificados. Se clasificaron en intervenciones individuales, grupales, mixtas e intersectoriales. El 85% de las intervenciones describieron efectos positivos. No se encontraron efectos adversos. Se observaron limitaciones metodológicas en el 75% de los trabajos. Las intervenciones abordaban gran variedad de temas, especialmente en el campo de la salud mental y las enfermedades crónicas. Las intervenciones colectivas describen más efectos positivos. Las actuaciones intersectoriales representan el único tipo de intervenciones que ha abordado el impacto en la reducción de la mortalidad. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos descritos sugieren la existencia de efectos positivos para la salud. Se identifican importantes limitaciones metodológicas. Es necesario desarrollar estudios en mejores condiciones de control, así como marcos teóricos más robustos y herramientas que permitan evaluar el contenido salutogénico de las intervenciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na literatura evidências acerca dos efeitos da associação entre espiritualidade, religiosidade e atividade física na saúde física e mental. Método: Revisão sistemática realizada em janeiro de 2019 nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS e SciELO, com os descritores “spirituality”, “religion”, “physical activity” e “physical exercise”. Incluíram-se estudos primários realizados com adultos, publicados até 2018 em português, inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: Foram selecionados nove estudos, publicados entre 2011 e 2017, todos internacionais, com desenho transversal (55%) e nível de evidência quatro (78%). Oito estudos abordaram efeitos na saúde física e um abordou efeitos na saúde mental. Conclusão: A Associação entre espiritualidade, religiosidade e atividade física promove efeitos na saúde física e mental, porém as evidências disponíveis não são suficientes para que esta associação seja aplicada na prática clínica. RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia en la literatura sobre los efectos de la asociación entre la espiritualidad, la religiosidad y la actividad física en la salud física y mental. Método: Revisión sistemática realizada en enero de 2019 en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS y SciELO, con los descriptores “espiritualidad”, “religión”, “actividad física” y “ejercicio físico”. Se incluyeron estudios primarios realizados con adultos, publicados hasta 2018 en portugués, inglés o español. Resultados: Se seleccionaron nueve estudios, publicados entre 2011 y 2017, todos internacionales, con diseño transversal (55%) y nivel de evidencia cuatro (78%). Ocho estudios se ocuparon de los efectos en la salud física y uno de los efectos en la salud mental. Conclusión: La asociación entre la espiritualidad, la religiosidad y la actividad física promueve efectos en la salud física y mental, pero las pruebas disponibles no son suficientes para que esta asociación se aplique en la práctica clínica. ABSTRACT Objective: To identify evidence in the literature about the effects of the association between spirituality, religiosity and physical activity on physical and mental health. Method: A systematic review conducted in January 2019 in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS and SciELO databases with the descriptors: “spirituality”, “religion”, “physical activity” and “physical exercise ”. Primary studies carried out with adults published until 2018 in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Results: Nine international studies were selected which had been published between 2011 and 2017, with cross-sectional design (55%) and an evidence level of four (78%). Eight studies addressed effects on physical health and one addressed effects on mental health. Conclusion: The association between spirituality, religiosity and physical activity promotes effects on physical and mental health, however the available evidence is not sufficient for this association to be applied in clinical practice.

IntroductionHealth professionals are often involved in the process of breaking bad news (BBN), which remains a difficult challenge, as it requires not only theoretical knowledge, but also the development of humanistic, emotional and communication skills. Therefore, optimal BBN assessment is essential. In this regard, sound measurement instruments are needed to evaluate BBN properly in research, teaching and clinical settings. Several instruments have been designed and validated to assess BBN. In this context, choosing the most appropriate instrument for assessing health professionals’ skills in BBN is essential. The aims of this systematic review are to: (1) identify all the instruments used for assessing health professionals’ skills in BBN; and (2) critically appraise their measurement properties.MethodsA systematic review will be undertaken according to the most up-to-date COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments’ (COSMIN) methodology. The protocol of this systematic review was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search strategy will be performed following the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies. The search strategy will be conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SciELO and Open Grey. Two review authors will independently appraise the full-text articles according to the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Quality ratings and evidence synthesis will be performed using a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not necessary for systematic review protocols. The results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207586.

Reinternações psiquiátricas frequentes (RPF) (fenômeno da porta giratória) caracterizam-se por repetidas e frequentes internações em pouco tempo após alta. Objetivou-se analisar os critérios que definem RPF e fatores associados: dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e rede de atenção. Procedeu-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, PsycINFO, utilizando “readmission” e “mental disorder”. Selecionou-se estudos empíricos com população adulta, publicados entre 2010-2014, em inglês, português e espanhol. Analisou-se 26 artigos através do protocolo PRISMA. Encontrou-se altas prevalências de RPF variando entre 9% (um mês) e 84% (dois anos). Porém, diferentes critérios utilizados podem ter influenciado resultados contraditórios. Os resultados mais consistentes apontam que pessoas jovens, solteiras, com menor apoio social e com internações involuntárias têm maior chance de apresentar RPF. Em contrapartida, as intervenções comunitárias parecem reduzir as RPF. Destaca-se a importância de estabelecer um consenso sobre o critério de RPF para o desenvolvimento de futuros estudos e intervenções. Los Reinternamientos Psiquiátricos Frecuentes (RPF) (fenómeno de la puerta giratoria) son repetidos y frecuentes internamientos que ocurren poco tiempo después de acontecida el alta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los criterios que definen los RPF y los factores asociados, tales como los datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de la red de atención. Se efectuó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, BVS, PsycINFO, utilizando “readmisión” y “desorden mental”. Fueron seleccionados estudios empíricos realizados con población adulta, publicados entre 2010 y 2014, en inglés, portugués y español. Se analizaron 26 artículos a través del protocolo PRISMA. Además, fueron apreciadas altas prevalencias de RPF, variando entre el 9% (un mes) y el 84% (dos años). En cambio, los diferentes criterios utilizados pueden haber influido en resultados contradictorios. Los resultados más consistentes indican que las personas jóvenes, solteras, con menor apoyo social y con internamientos involuntarios, son más propensas a presentar RPF. Es importante establecer un consenso sobre el criterio de RPF para el desarrollo de futuros estudios e intervenciones. Frequent Psychiatric Readmission (FPR) (revolving door phenomenon) is characterized by repeated and frequent hospitalizations that occur shortly after discharge. The aim was to analyze the criteria of FPR and associated factors: sociodemographic, clinic and care network data. We performed a systematic review in PubMed, VHL, and PsycINFO, using “readmission” and “mental disorder”. We selected empirical studies of adult populations, published in 2010-2014 in English,Portuguese and Spanish. Twenty-six articles were analyzed through the PRISMA protocol. High prevalence rates of FPR were found, between 9% (one month) and 84% (two years). Nevertheless, the different criteria used may have influenced contradictory results. The most consistent results indicate that young, single people, with less social support and involuntary admissions have higher chances of FPR, while community interventions seem to reduce FPR. We highlight the importance of establishing a consensus on the FPR criterion to develop future studies and interventions.

Fundamentos: Existen resultados contradictorios sobre el papel del neuroticismo como factor de riesgo del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). Los objetivos de este estudio fueron estimar la magnitud y dirección de la asociación entre neuroticismo y TEPT así como analizar la influencia de diferentes variables moderadoras sobre el tamaño del efecto. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y un meta-análisis. La búsqueda de estudios se efectuó en Medline, IME, PsycINFO, Trip Databse y Google Scholar, siendo el límite temporal hasta octubre de 2012. También se hizo una búsqueda manual y se contactó con los autores principales. Criterios de inclusión: (a) estudios empíricos que analizaran la asociación entre neuroticismo y TEPT mediante escalas validadas o criterios diagnósticos (DSM, CIE); (b) en sujetos expuestos a un evento traumático y (c) escritos en inglés o español. Dos evaluadores independientes realizaron la selección y codificaron los datos siguiendo el protocolo previamente elaborado. Se aplicó el modelo de efectos aleatorios para obtener el tamaño del efecto medio y explorar variables moderadoras. Resultados: De 96 artículos elegibles, 34 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (9.941 participantes). El tamaño del efecto medio fue r+=0,371 (IC95%: 0,327-0,414). Se descartó que hubiera sesgo de publicación. Se construyó un modelo predictivo con tres variables (reporte de la etnia, edad y tipo de muestra: comunitaria o clínica). Conclusión: El neuroticismo puede considerarse un factor de riesgo para el TEPT en personas que han estado expuestas a un evento traumático. Estos hallazgos son importantes para la elaboración de actuaciones preventivas y de intervención. Background: There are conflicting results on the role of neuroticism as a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude and direction of the association between neuroticism and PTSD, and to analyze the influence of different moderator variables on effect size. Methods: A systematic review and a meta-analysis were carried out. The search for studies was conducted in Medline, IME, PsycINFO, Trip Database, and Google Scholar, until October 2012. A hand search was also carried out and main researchers were contacted. Inclusion criteria: (a) empirical studies of the association between neuroticism and PTSD using validated scales or diagnostic criteria (DSM, ICD), (b) in participants exposed to a traumatic event and (c) written in English or Spanish. Two independent evaluators performed the selection and extracted the data following a previously developed protocol. The random-effects model was applied to obtain the mean effect size and to explore moderators. Results: Out of 96 potential articles, 34 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (9,941 participants). The mean effect size was r+ = 0.371 (95%CI: 0.327 and 0.414). Publication bias was discarded as a threat. A predictive model was elaborated with three variables (reporting of ethnicity, age, and type of sample). Conclusion: Neuroticism can be considered as a risk factor for PTSD in people who have been exposed to a traumatic event. These findings are relevant for developing preventive interventions and treatments.

En el presente estudio teórico se realiza una revisión sistemática de investigaciones publicadas en las que la satisfacción sexual constituye la variable dependiente. Tras una búsqueda bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos electrónicas, y una vez realizado un proceso de selección, se resumen los principales resultados de 197 artículos científicos publicados entre 1979 y 2012. Se comprueba la complejidad y la relevancia de la satisfacción sexual, la cual se asocia con: a) variables individuales, como ciertas características socio-demográficas, psicológicas, así como con el estado de salud físico y psicológico; b) variables vinculadas con la relación de pareja y con la respuesta sexual; c) factores relacionados con el apoyo social y relaciones familiares; y d) creencias y valores culturales como la religión. Como conclusión se puede señalar que la satisfacción sexual constituye un factor clave, tanto de la salud sexual como del bienestar general de las personas. No obstante, a pesar de su relevancia, se echan en falta modelos teóricos que aúnen los factores más importantes en la explicación de la satisfacción sexual.