Search

The psychiatric law system was created with the sole purpose of protecting patients with mental illnesses, a vulnerable segment of the population. The laws regarding voluntary and non-voluntary admission of mental patients have been reformed in many European countries. After 1989, Romania starts to gradually benefit from a law system that meets the requirements of modern society. From this general context the Mental Health Law takes form, with the main purpose of ratifying the relationship between patient and psychiatrist. This system provides a new, more modern approach but also proves to have certain flaws. One of the most obvious is the aspect regarding the personal representative, which generates both ethical and professional conduit problems, difficult to manage from the standpoint of modern medicine. Minimizing the effects of such an error is possible by simply considering the small number of solutions suggested by the author in the end of this article.

Mental health legislation is vital for safeguarding the rights of individuals with mental disorders, a vulnerable segment of the population. This article explores the evolution and impact of Romania's mental health laws, which have developed to align with European standards while addressing the unique challenges of the Romanian mental health system. By examining recent legislative advancements and new policies, such as the National Mental Health Strategy 2020-2030 and the Mental Health and Wellbeing Act of 2021, the article highlights efforts to improve mental health care and reduce stigma. Comparisons with mental health legislation in other European Union countries, including Germany, France, Spain and others, provide a broader context for understanding Romania's progress and ongoing needs. The role of media in perpetuating stigma and the importance of public education and legislative reform are discussed as crucial components for fostering a supportive environment for individuals with mental disorders. Furthermore, the article addresses the biopsychosocial implications of stigmatization and the necessity of a societal commitment to enhance mental health understanding and support. The conclusion emphasizes that continuous legislative updates, public awareness campaigns, and integrated community-based services are essential for creating an inclusive and respectful society for those affected by mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in females is often underrecognized due to the predominance of inattentive symptoms and societal expectations, leading to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. This narrative review aims to synthesize the current understanding of ADHD in females across various life stages--children, adolescents, and adults--and its implications for clinical practice and policy. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed studies published from 2010 to 2023. Databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords related to ADHD, females, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes. The review included studies on ADHD in female children, adolescents, and adults, and encompassed both qualitative and quantitative research. Results: The review found that females with ADHD frequently exhibit predominantly inattentive symptoms, leading to lower diagnosis rates compared to males. In childhood, this often results in academic and social difficulties. During adolescence, increased risks of mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression were noted. Adult women with ADHD faced ongoing challenges in occupational settings and personal relationships. The literature also indicated a lack of gender-specific treatment approaches and a need for more comprehensive management strategies. Notably, the review identified a scarcity of longitudinal studies focusing specifically on females with ADHD. Conclusions: The findings highlight the necessity of a gender-sensitive approach in diagnosing and treating ADHD in females. There is a critical need for healthcare professionals to recognize the unique presentations of ADHD in females and for policies that support genderspecific research and interventions. Future research should focus on understanding the longterm outcomes of females with ADHD and developing tailored treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is a subgroup of Major Depressive Disorder that does not respond to typical or first-line treatment approaches. Treatment-resistant depression is diagnosed when two appropriate antidepressant therapies fail. TRD may also be connected to lengthy stays in a hospital for medical attention. To distinguish authentic TRD, a number of definitions and standards have been presented, but no single definition or standard has yet gained acceptance. As a result, TRD poses unique difficulties for therapeutic strategies and efficient therapies. Recent meta-analyses, original studies of the PubMed literature were compiled. In this article, we'll try to give a comprehensive overview of TRD treatment options and discuss the difficulties that come with treating this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]