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Objective: We aimed to examine whether HIV infection was independently associated with frailty status and its individual components. Methods: This cross‐sectional investigation included people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV‐negative individuals from the baseline survey of the Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART) cohort, China. Frailty phenotype was based on five components: weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, weak grip strength and slow gait speed. Frailty was defined as the presence of at least three components, and prefrailty was defined as one or two components. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the factors associated with frailty and its components. Results: In all, 2475 people living with HIV (age 45.5 ± 14.9 years; 76.2% male) and 4948 HIV‐negative individuals (age 45.5 ± 14.8 years; 76.3% male) were included. Among PLWH, median CD4 count was 395 cells/μL and 78% were currently on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Frailty and prefrailty were significantly more prevalent in PLWH (3.2% vs 1.9% and 32.9% vs 27.9%) overall and at ages 18–39 (1.4% vs 0.2% and 22.7% vs 19.0%), 40–59 (2.5% vs 0.9% and 30.9% vs 27.9%) and 60–90 years (8.4% vs 7.4% and 57.1% vs 45.8%). HIV infection was associated with frailty and prefrailty [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–2.08; and aOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05–1.33, respectively] after adjusting for confounding variables, but were strengthened with further adjustment for multimorbidity (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.14–2.28; and aOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09–1.37), and were no longer significant with further adjustment for depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (aOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.71–1.46; and aOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.20). Among individual components, HIV infection was positively associated with weak grip strength and slow gait speed, but negatively associated with low physical activity and exhaustion in all the adjusted models described. Conclusions: Frailty and prefrailty occur more often and earlier in PLWH. However, grip strength and gait speed are affected to a greater extent, highlighting their potential as screening and intervention targets to prevent or slow frailty among PLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated factors among returning workers with different epidemic experience in East China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2435 employees from the enterprises located in Deqing (low-risk epidemic area) and Taizhou (high-risk epidemic area) of East China in March 2020. An online questionnaire covered information on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well as knowledge, attitude, behavior and experience about COVID-19. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were applied to assess depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depression and anxiety symptoms associated with risk factors. Results: The participants were aged 36.3 ± 9.2 years on average, and nearly half of them were female. Overall, the prevalence of depression, anxiety and both were 19.4%, 12.3% and 9.8%, and decreased with age. After adjustment for covariates, 16 or more years of education, being a white-collar worker or working in the high-risk epidemic area were significantly associated with increased risks of both depression and anxiety, in contract regular physical exercise was associated with decreased risks of both mental disorders. Conclusion: The depression and anxiety problems were prevalent among returning workers during the COVID-19 period. Targeted psychological interventions should be developed and implemented to improve their mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of and risk factors for adolescent mental health problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, their association with study-relevant problems, and the moderating effect of parent-child relationship among Chinese adolescents during the school closures.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis with data collected in middle and high schools in Taizhou, China. Students completed an online survey between April 16 and May 14, 2020. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory. Three types of study problems were recorded, including having difficulty in studying at home, dislike of remote learning, and excessive screen entertainment time. Parental relationships were categorized into good or normal relationship and poor relationship. Linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between study-relevant problems and depressive symptoms.Results: Using data from 6435 adolescents, we found that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.7%. All the study problem measures were associated with more severe depressive symptoms. There was a moderating effect of the parental relationship on the associations between study problems and depressive symptoms. The association between number of study problems and depressive symptoms was stronger in adolescents with a poor parent-child relationship (regression coefficient 4.34 [95% CI 2.97, 5.72]) than those with a good or normal relationship (2.55 [2.35, 2.75]), p for interaction 0.002, on multivariable adjustment.Conclusions: Study problems due to school closures were particularly problematic for adolescents who had poor parent-child relationships. Public health initiatives could help students to adjust study habits and improve parent-child relationships, thereby protecting against the development of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/background: This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of various sleep disturbances in HIV-infected patients compared to sex- and age-frequency-matched HIV-uninfected controls in China.Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 1469 HIV-infected cases and 2938 HIV-uninfected controls. Insomnia symptoms, poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] >5) as well as their specific domains, were assessed.Results: Prevalence of insomnia symptoms, poor sleep quality, and long sleep duration were higher in HIV-infected vs uninfected participants (23.7% vs 19.8%, 24.1% vs 19.9%, and16.1% vs 8.7%, respectively; all p < 0.05), and remained significant after adjusting for age, sex and education. An Age-stratified analysis showed that such differences were significant only at ages 18-29 and 30-44 years for insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality long sleep duration was significant across all age groups. Among HIV-infected patients, multivariate analysis indicated that older age, depressive symptoms and frailty score were the most consistent variables associated with sleep disorders (ie, insomnia symptoms, poor sleep quality, short and long sleep durations), as well as all associations (if significant) were positive, excluding the negative associations of older age and depressive symptoms with short sleep duration. Regarding HIV-specific factors, only current CD4 cell count ≥500 cells/μL was negatively associated with insomnia symptoms.Conclusions: The impact of HIV infection on sleep disturbances may differ across age groups and are more pronounced among young adults. Additionally, the phenomenon of prolonged sleep duration among HIV-infected patients should be noted, and its link to poor physical health warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the prevalence and correlates of prefrailty/frailty, determined on the basis of the Fried criteria, in Chinese patients with and those without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV-infected patients were more likely to be frail or prefrail than controls, and this association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio, 3.79). After additional adjustment for neurocognitive impairment and depressive and insomnia symptoms, this association remained significant but attenuated (odds ratio, 2.16). In the HIV-infected group, these 3 variables were independently associated with prefrailty/frailty. These findings suggest that neurocognitive impairment and depressive and/or insomnia symptoms may account for a higher prevalence of prefrailty/frailty in HIV-infected patients but require further longitudinal investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]