1. Hippocampal volume and the course of depressive symptoms over eight years of follow-up.
- Author
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Buddeke, J., Kooistra, M., Zuithoff, N. P. A., Gerritsen, L., Biessels, G. J., Graaf, Y., Geerlings, M. I., Petersen, R., Dinther, B.G.F., Algra, A., Doevendans, P.A., Grobbee, D.E., Rutten, G.E.H.M., Kappelle, L.J., Leiner, T., Moll, F.L., and Visseren, F.L.J.
- Subjects
MENTAL depression ,CEREBRAL cortex ,HIPPOCAMPUS physiology ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,SOMATIZATION disorder - Abstract
Objective To estimate the association between hippocampal and total brain volume and the course of depressive symptoms over eight years of follow-up in patients with a history of vascular disease. Method Within the SMART-Medea study, 636 participants (62 ± 10 years) had a 1.5-tesla brain MRI obtaining hippocampal and total brain volumes. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 biannually during eight-year follow-up. Generalized estimating equation models with robust standard errors were used to assess the associations of hippocampal and total brain volumes with depressive symptoms during follow-up adjusting for age, sex, education, and intracranial volume. An interaction term between volume and time (6-month intervals) was included to examine whether the course of depressive symptoms differed according to hippocampal and total brain volume. Results The mean PHQ-9 score was 2.8 ± 3.5. Smaller hippocampal volumes were associated with an increasing course of depressive symptom levels, while larger volumes were associated with decreasing levels ( P-value interaction = 0.07). Smaller total brain volume was associated with consistently higher levels of depressive symptoms, but not with change in course of depressive symptoms ( P-value interaction = 0.45). Conclusion Smaller hippocampal volume but not total brain volume is associated with poorer course of depressive symptoms over eight years of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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