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Background: Depression is characterized by a great risk of relapse and recurrence. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive therapy are efficacious psychosocial interventions for recurrent depression. Objectives: The aim of the present research was to compare the effect of Beck's cognitive therapy (BCT) and MBCT on reduction of depression and sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in Iranian depressed patients. Patients and Methods: The study sample consisted of 30 subjects randomly selected from patients with depression in Mashhad city, Iran. The subjects were assigned randomly to experimental groups. The 2 techniques used for treatment were BCT and MBCT. The data collection instruments used in the research consisted of psychological interview, the Beck Depression Inventory II and the revised Personal Style Inventory (RPSI). The research data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: BCT and MBCT were effective in reducing depression, but BCT and MBCT did not cause any change in the sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in patients with depression. Conclusions: The results provide support for the role of BCT and MBCT plays in reducing depression. However, the results did not approve their role in changing sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in patients with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression is one the most common mental disorders in all the cultures. Depression is a combination of feelings of sadness, loneliness, irritability, worthlessness, hopelessness. Researchers repeatedly have supported the association between dimensions of temperament and character with depressive disorder. The aim of the current study was to evaluate and compares dimensions of temperament and character in individuals with and without depressive disorder. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this cross-sectional study in 2011 included all individuals with major depressive disorder aged 24-30 who were referred to clinical center in Ardabil city, as well as the normal population of non-depressive individuals. Participants were 70 persons with major depressive, and 61 non-depressive persons. They were asked to complete demographic questionnaires, Beck depression inventory, and Cloningers temperament and character inventory. The data were analyzed by MANOVA and T multivariate regression using SPSS software version 16. Results: Depressive individuals have significantly of novelty seeking, harm avoidance and self-transcendence; while, the patients had lower scores mean of persistence, cooperativeness and self-directedness than non-anxious group (P<0.001). Also, multiple regression analysis results showed that dimensions of temperament and character significantly explain 34 percents of the variance of depressive individuals. Conclusion: It was a significant relationship between temperament and character. Also, the findings suggest that dimensions of temperament and character are variables that influence the severity of depression symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the association between negative metacognitions and indices of mental health in order to help identify individuals at risk for future psychopathology. Method: A randomly selected sample of 378 undergraduates responded to the General Health Questionnaire and the Metacognitions Questionnaire. Results: A curvilinear relationship emerged between negative metacognitive beliefs and social dysfunction. Beliefs about uncontrollability and danger accounted for about 29% of the variance and beliefs about cognitive competence accounted for an additional 1%. Worry correlated with mental health scores in both sexes. Beliefs about uncontrollability and danger, beliefs about cognitive competence and general negative beliefs discriminated nonclinical subjects high in both anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Modification of metacognitive beliefs can help prevent psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]