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Graphene-based layered materials have got significant interest in membrane technology for water desalination, gas separation, organic nanofiltration, pervaporation, proton exchange applications, etc. and show remarkable results. Up to date, various methods have been developed for fabrication of high performance membrane. Most of them are only suitable for research purposes, but not appropriate for mass transport barrier and membrane applications that require large-area synthesis. In this comprehensive review, we summarized the current synthesis and fabrication methods of graphene-based membranes. Emphasis will be given on fabrication of both graphene-based nanoporous and lamellar membranes. Finally, we discuss the current engineering hurdles and future research directions yet to be explored for fabrication of such membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional membranes are considered as the most energy-efficient alternatives to various traditional separation processes. To date, atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride, covalent organic frameworks, graphene, graphene oxide, transition metal carbides and nitrides, layered double hydroxide, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and metal-organic frameworks have been extensively investigated for high-performance lamellar membranes, which is due to their tunable physicochemical properties, single-layered structure, and in-plane pore structure. This comprehensive review summarizes the different fabrication methods of TMDC-based membranes and introduces the recent modification strategies to improve their microstructural properties. TMDCs-based membranes for wastewater treatment, desalination, proton exchange, gas separation, and energy devices are extensively discussed. Finally, we highlight the current engineering hurdles and suggest research directions for improving the separation efficiency, stability, and permeability of these membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs)-based laminar membranes have gained significant interest in energy storage, fuel cell, gas separation, wastewater treatment, and desalination applications due to single layer structure, good functionality, high mechanical strength, and chemical resistivity. Herein, we review the recent efforts and development on TMDCs-based laminar membranes, and focus is given on their fabrication strategies. Further, TMDCs-based laminar membranes for water purification and seawater desalination are discussed in detail. Finally, present their merits, limits and future challenges needed in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDS), boron nitride (BN), and layered double hydroxide (LDH) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated as potential candidates in various separation applications because of their high mechanical strength, large surface area, ideal chemical and thermal stability, simplicity, ease of functionalization, environmental comparability, and good antibacterial performance. Recently, MXene as a new member of the 2D polymer family has attracted significant attention in water purification, desalination, gas separation, antibacterial, and antifouling applications. Herein, we review the most recent progress in the fabrication, preparation, and modification methods of MXene-based lamellar membranes with the emphasis on applications for water purification and desalination. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of MXene-based membranes show a significant potential for commercial use in water purification. Thus, this review provides a directional guide for future development in this emerging technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane-based technology has got of significant interest for its potential applications in water purification, desalination, gas separation, pervaporation, and solvent/water separation for a few decades, when environmental contamination is increasing in an uncontrolled manner due to several anthropogenic activities. However, it has several key challenges because of the diverse pore size, deprived mechanical property, thermal instability, and fouling concern. Recently, two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives are deliberated as the most suitable material for membrane technology for water purification, and desalination applications due to its exceptional properties including single-layer thickness, large surface area, extraordinary chemical and mechanical properties. This review focuses on the recent progress on the fabrication methods used for GO-based membranes. The impact of modification and functionalization on the membrane's microstructural, and separation properties will be highlighted. Further, ionic and molecular separation applications of GO-based membranes will be discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and future directions of such membranes will be summarized. [Display omitted] • Recent progress on GO based membranes for ionic and molecular separation are reviewed. • Role of fabrication methods on microstructural properties of membranes are summarized. • The effect of functionalization funcand modification on separation performance are also discussed. • Current engineering hurdles and future research direction are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]