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Among the gastrointestinal tract cancers, the risk of colon cancer is strongly dependent on dietary factors. For the first time in the current review, all the original case-control studies, associated with the correlation between total dietary diversity score and colon cancer risk, were evaluated. In this regard, three databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, were investigated to retrieve the related citations from 1990 until 2019. Among the included citations, three studies were finally included. In these included studies, the dietary diversity score was evaluated with 129-item and 800-item FFQs. Findings reveal that total dietary diversity can increase the risk of colon cancer in men, but not women; while, one study using 57-item FFQ reported the beneficial association of total dietary diversity with colon cancer among men. Significant demand for conducting more research to investigate the real mechanistic effects of dietary diversity on the risk of colon cancer development was demonstrated due to the inconsistent, questionable, and incomplete findings associated with the included studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review assesses the literature regarding beneficial and potential detrimental effects of bioactive peptides (BPs), focusing on evidence of regulatory T cells (T-regs) mediated oral tolerance (OT), collagen hydrolysate (CH) supplementation in osteoarthritis (OA) and the association of T-regs with chronic disease. The systematic search was done for articles published from inception to April 2019 using the PubMed and Scopus databases. About 3081 papers were identified by three different search strategies and screened against inclusion criteria which resulted in the inclusion of 22 articles. From the included articles, 12 papers were related to treatment of different disease in vivo by oral administration of BPs, six articles evaluated the effects of CH supplementation, as a rich source of BPs, on OA pain-relief and four observational studies assessed the association of circulating T-regs and risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The evidence obtained from first search strategy, indicated that oral administration of BPs improve clinical manifestations of animal models of allergy, arthritis, atherosclerosis, ulcerative colitis and allograft rejection by T-regs expansion; while, observational studies showed that although higher levels of circulating T-regs reduced risk of CVD and allergy, but, increased risk of solid cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]