Search

Plemenita periska (lat. Pinna nobilis) endem je Sredozemnog mora u kojem je i najveći školjkaš čija visina može dosegnuti i do 1 m. Najčešće je nalazimo okomito zabodenu na pjeskovito-muljevitom dnu, gdje naseljava livade morskih cvjetnica (Posidonia oceanica i Cymodocea nodosa). Ima važnu ekološku ulogu jer je filtratorski organizam te doprinosi prozirnosti vode. Njene ljušture služe kao tvrda površina koja biva kolonizirana od strane raznih epibionata. Još od 1992. godine nalazi se na popisu ugroženih vrsta, a njen se broj drastično smanjio nakon događaja Masovnog pomora koji je počeo u jesen 2016. godine. U ovom radu analizirano je 47 DNA sljedova s ciljem uvida u populacijsku genetiku vrste, a korišten je molekularni marker Citokrom oksidaza I, jedan od najraširenijih markera koji se koristi za evolucijske analize. Sljedovi su obrađeni u MEGA-X programskom paketu. Uzorkovanje je provedeno tijekom 2018. i 2019. godine na 7 lokacija duž hrvatske obale i otoka Jadranskog mora. Najvećim dijelom vidljivo je da je većina uzoraka genetski identična, odnosno među 47 analiziranih uzoraka pronađeno je 17 različitih haplotipova pri čemu je najbrojniji haplotip pronađen u čak 20 uzoraka i prisutan je na svih 7 uzorkovanih lokacija. Ukupno su detektirane 32 točkaste mutacije od čega samo jedna missense mutacija, dok su ostale tihe mutacije. Isto tako, usporedbom naših istraživanih skupina, pomoću BLAST-a, i ostalih populacija diljem Mediterana, čak 76% naših haplotipova, u punoj duljini od 553 nukleotida, identično je s već publiciranim sekvencama uzorkovanih diljem Mediterana. Pinna nobilis (lat. Pinna nobilis) is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, where it is the largest bivalve whose height can reach up to 1 m. It is most often found stuck vertically on the sandy-mud bottom, where it inhabits meadows of Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa). It has an important ecological role because it is a filter-feeder organism and contributes to water transparency. Its shells serve as a hard surface that is colonized by various epibionts. It has been on the list of endangered species since 1992, and its number decreased drastically after the Mass Mortality event started in the fall of 2016. In this work, 47 DNA sequences were analyzed to gain insight into the population genetics of the species, and the molecular marker Cytochrome Oxidase I was used, one of the most widespread marker used for evolutionary analyses. The sequences were processed in the MEGA-X software package. Sampling was carried out between 2018 and 2019 at 7 locations along the Croatian coast and the islands of the Adriatic Sea. For the most part, it is evident that most of the samples are genetically identical, that is, among the 47 analyzed samples, 17 different haplotypes were found, with the most numerous haplotype being found in 20 samples and present in all 7 sampled locations. A total of 32 point mutations were detected, of which only one was a missense mutation, while the rest were silent mutations. Likewise, by comparing our research groups, using BLAST, and other populations across the Mediterranean, as many as 76% of our haplotypes, in the full length of 553 nucleotides, are identical to already published sequences sampled across the Mediterranean.

Stare geografske karte dragocjen su izvor različitih prostornih podataka, a među njima i onih koji se odnose na gospodarska obilježja prikazanog prostora. Zrcale geografske spoznaje o prostoru prikazivanja, kartografske postupke i tehnike te namjeru njihova autora ili ustanova koje su potaknule ili organizirale njihovu izradu. Premda su nastali u epohi koja je prethodila standardizaciji i institucionalizaciji postupaka prikupljanja, obrade i grafičke vizualizacije geografskih sadržaja, a koji su rezultirali većom točnošću i vjerodostojnošću karata, ranonovovjekovni kartografski izvori s prikazima sjeverne Dalmacije imaju odgovarajuću dokumentarnu vrijednost. Na primjeru odabranih karata utvrđeno je da je riječ o prvorazrednim izvorima za istraživanje ekonomske prošlosti sjeverne Dalmacije koji u korelaciji s pisanim arhivskim izvorima čine komplementarnu cjelinu. Ona, dakako, ne omogućuje potpunu rekonstrukciju ekonomskih obilježja i procesa tijekom ranoga novog vijeka, ali umnogome upotpunjuje korpus spoznaja o tom aspektu razvoja zadarske i šibenske regije u kojima su poljodjelstvo, stočarstvo, ribarstvo te proizvodnja soli i vapna činili produktivnu jezgru gospodarskog sustava koja je pokretana i umrežavana u ekonomsko-geografski sustav Sredozemlja putem pomorstva i s njim katalizirane razmjene ideja, dobara i usluga., Natural resources such as the sea (source of life and communication medium), inland waters, rocks, land, plants, animals and climate characteristics have been evaluated economically in the Mediterranean-Dinaric area of the north-eastern Adriatic coast for centuries. The Croatian coastal region was politically fragmented among several European forces during the Early Modern Age. It developed on its peripheries, according to their economic interests and existential needs of local and regional communities. Olive growing, viticulture, cattle breeding, fishing, salt production and various crafts composed the core of economic production on the Croatian coast and islands, while transport and commerce were the basis for goods and services exchange, enabling Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia to join the commerce structures of the Mediterranean and neighbouring regions. Maps are especially important sources for the study of the history of the Early Modern Age in North Dalmatia. Spatial data, including those on economic activities, had been collected by direct field observations and partial geodetic procedures prior to systematic and scientific surveys; data were obtained by compiling various cartographic and written (geographic, administrative, military, etc.) sources as well. There was no intention to comprehensively thematically represent the economic content or a unique approach and methodology of collecting, analysing and visualizing such data. Additionally, in the period between the 16th a nd t he 19th centuries, North Dalmatia had been represented on geographic, maritime and topographic- cadastral maps of various geographic coverage and scale. Differences in methodologies and content aside, old maps still provide an insight into numerous economic activities of the population of North Dalmatia. In combination with archival sources and material remnants, they contribute to historiographic and geographic interpretations of the social-economic development of the region and its influence in changes of environment.

Velik problem u akvakulturi predstavljaju bolesti riba. Velik dio financijskih sredstava troši se na njihovo suzbijanje i liječenje. Zarazne bolesti poput virusnih i bakterijskih bolesti već imaju odobrena i razvijena cjepiva i lijekove, dok se parazitarne bolesti još uvijek nastoje dokučiti i izliječiti. Nepoznanice oko životnih ciklusa i načina djelovanja parazita na domaćina velika su prepreka u razvoju efektivnih i sigurnih antiparazitika i uzrok poteškoća na uzgajalištima. Nedostatak lijekova, nedovoljne mjere biosigurnosti i loše higijenske i uzgajivačke prakse mogu uzrokovati devastirajuće posljedice u akvakulturi. Intenzifikacijom uzgoja povećava se prijemljivost riba na različite bolesti te brzina širenja bolesti što uzrokuje povećanje mortaliteta, smanjenje prirasta i iskorištavanja hrane, povećanje troškova zbog veterinarskih pregleda oboljelih životinja i čestih uklanjanja uginulih jedinki te smanjenje kvalitete i tržišne vrijednosti konačnog proizvoda. Cilj ovog rada je sažeti i na jednom mjestu prikazati najčešće parazitarne bolesti, njihov utjecaj i posljedice koje izazivaju u kaveznom uzgoju lubina te poznate načine njihovog liječenja, kako bi se olakšalo snalaženje u budućem uzgoju i unaprijedile tehnike kontrole bolesti. Obzirom da su nametnici na uzgajanom lubinu mnogobrojni i postoje brojni zapisi o njima, u ovom će se radu pregledati najčešće nametničke bolesti uzgajanog lubina na Mediteranu, a posebno na Jadranu, budući da detaljnijih zapisa s Jadrana koji prikazuju sve na jednom mjestu nema. Iako se tehnološke metode uzgoja mijenjaju i koriste se novije tehnologije kontrole i mjere prevencije bolesti, nametničke bolesti će vjerojatno i dalje ostati problematične prvenstveno zbog sve većih ljudskih potreba za hranom uslijed povećanja populacije, a zatim i zbog progresivnih klimatskih promjena. Fish diseases are a big problem in aquaculture. A large part of the financial resources is being spent on their control and treatment. Vaccines and medications against viral and bacterial diseases are already approved and developed, while parasitic diseases are still trying to be figured out and cured. Unknown details about parasitic life-cycles and their effect on the host are a big obstacle in development of effective and save antiparasitics and the cause of difficulties in farms. The lack of medicines, insufficient biosecurity measures and poor hygiene and husbandry practices can cause devastating consequences in aquaculture. Intensive farming increases fish receptivity to different illnesses and the rate of disease spread which cause increase in mortality, decrease in growth and food intake, increase of expenses for veterinary examination of infected animals and frequent removing of dead individuals as well as the decrease in quality and market value of final product. The aim of this paper is to summarize and present in one place the most common parasitic diseases, their impact and consequences they are causing in cage farmed sea bass and known methods of their treatment, in order to facilitate future management and improve disease control techniques. Since parasites on farmed sea bass are numerous and there are many records about them, in this paper, the most common parasitic diseases of farmed sea bass in the Mediterranean, and especially in the Adriatic, will be reviewed, since there are no detailed records from the Adriatic showing everything in one place. Although technological farming methods are being changed and newer control and disease prevention measures are being used, parasitic diseases are more likely to remain problematic primarily due to increasing human food needs due to population growth and progressive climate change.

U radu se tematiziraju hrvatska hodočašća pomorskim putem, tražeći im izvore u prapovijesnom mediteranskom kontekstu. Od prvih potraga za svetim, drukčijim i drugim, od prapovijesnih hijerofanija i čovjekova pokušaja objašnjenja tajni kozmosa do nastojanja davanja odgovora nepoznatom te reda kaosu – nailazimo na čovjeka koji putuje i traži odgovore. Čovjek, kao dio zajednice, putem kozmogonija i potom teofanija objašnjava stvaranje svijeta i pokušava dati smisao stvarnosti koja ga okružuje. Taj modus putovanja i hodočašćenja k svetom i božanskom nastavlja se i u povijesnom periodu u trima velikim monoteističkim vjerama koje se rađaju i šire na Mediteranu: židovstvu, kršćanstvu i islamu. Mediteran je prostor putovanja i putnika, križanja misli, filozofija i vjera. Od kasne antike, preko srednjega vijeka, do modernog doba, Sredozemlje je sjecište hodočasnika sa svih smjerova Mediterana. Ovaj rad prikazuje hodočašća i hodočasnike koji su s hrvatske obale putovali u Loreto i Asiz u 18. stoljeću. Na temelju 16 000 dokumenata Hrvatskih pomorskih regesta 18. stoljeća (I. – III. sv.), pronađena su 303 hodočašća prema Loretu i Asizu koja svjedoče o 2513 hodočasnika koji su, ponajviše u velikim i organiziranim grupama do čak 80 ljudi, putovali s istočne obale Jadrana – sa sjevera iz Umaga pa sve do juga iz Boke kotorske – prema tim starim i hrvatskim vjernicima dobro poznatim svetištima. Hrvatska pomorska hodočašća pokazuju, dakle, neosporne mediteranske korijene i nevjerojatan kontinuitet od više desetaka tisuća godina., This paper discusses Croatian maritime pilgrimages by searching for their sources in the prehistoric Mediterranean context. From the first search for the sacred, different and the other, from the prehistoric hierophanies and human being’s attempts to explain the mysterious Cosmos through their endeavour to respond to the unknown and give an order to the Chaos – we encounter a human being who travels searching for answers. The human being, as a part of the community, through cosmogonies, and then theophanies, explains the creation of the world and tries to give meaning to the reality surrounding him. This modus of travel and pilgrimage to the sacred and divine continues through the historical period in three great monotheistic religions that are born and spread in the Mediterranean: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The Mediterranean is a space of travels and travellers, intersections of thoughts, philosophies and religions. From late antiquity through the Middle Ages to the Modern Ages, the Mediterranean is the intersection of pilgrims from all directions. This paper describes pilgrimages and pilgrims who travelled from the Croatian coast to Loreto and Assisi in the 18th century. Based on 16,000 documents of Croatian Maritime Regesta of the 18th century vol. I–III, a total of 303 pilgrimages to Loreto and Assisi have been found, attesting to 2,513 pilgrims travelling, mostly in large and organized groups of up to 80 people, from the east coast of the Adriatic – from Umag in the north to Boka Kotorska in the south – to these old and Croatian believers well-known sanctuaries. Croatian maritime pilgrimages, therefore, have undeniable Mediterranean roots and an incredible continuity of tens of thousands of years.

Cilj ovog rada je istaknuti važnost mediteranske orijentacije Hrvatske. Kao zemlja koja svojom dugom jadranskom obalom izlazi na strateški iznimno važno Sredozemno more, Hrvatska nije u dovoljnoj mjeri iskoristila blagodati svojeg geopolitičkog položaja. U multipolarnome svijetu u kojemu živimo neophodno je razvijati niz geopolitičkih inicijativa, stoga je važno da se Hrvatska, između ostalog pokaže i u punom sredozemnom profilu. To podrazumijeva bolje razumijevanje razvojnih procesa i veći diplomatski angažman na području Sredozemlja. Unija za Mediteran kao najnovija platforma za suradnju sredozemnih država pruža Hrvatskoj priliku za aktivniju participaciju na području Sredozemlja. Posebice se to odnosi na produbljivanje gospodarske suradnje sa rastućim mediteranskim zemljama, koja je trenutno na niskim razinama. The target of this paper is to accentuate the importance of Mediterranean orientation of Croatia. As a country with the access to the strategically very important area of Mediterranean via Adriatic Sea, Croatia has not used all the advantages of its geopolitical position. In the multipolar world we are living, it is necessary for country to develop a series of geopolitical initiatives, therefore is important for Croatia to participate in Mediterranean. That includes better understanding of development processes as well as bigger diplomatic engagement in Mediterranean. Union for Mediterranean as a latest platform for cooperation of Mediterranean countries, offers a Croatia opportunity for more active participation in Mediterranean, especially in terms of deepening economic cooperation with the fast growing Mediterranean countries, which is currently very low.

U radu se razmatra doprinos Braudelova djela Sredozemlje i sredozemni svijet u doba Filipa II. razumijevanju i tumačenju temeljnih obilježja jadranske geopolitike tijekom povijesti. Težište je pritom stavljeno na historijsko-geografsku i geostratešku valorizaciju povijesne uloge ključnih nadzornih točki u kontroli i zaštiti glavnih longitudinalnih i transverzalnih jadranskih pomorskih koridora, kao i na geostratešku analizu odnosa Jadrana spram ostatka Sredozemlja te napose spram njegovih bližih i daljih kontinentalnih zaleđa., This work deals with the contribution of the Braudel’s work The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the age of Philip II to understanding and interpretation of the basic characteristics of the Adriatic geopolitics through history. The focus is on the historical - geographical and geostrategical valorization of the historical role of crucial vantage points in control and protection of main longitudinal and transversal Adriatic maritime corridors as well as on the geostrategical analysis of relations of the Adriatic with the rest of the Mediterranean and particularly with its closer and more distant continental hinterlands.

Spoznaje o prvim plovnim ekspedicijama Mediteranom u posljednjih su petnaestak godina značajno porasle, kako uglavnom indirektnim dokazima o plovidbi tako i saznanjima kada su one najranije poduzimane. U ovome se radu donosi pregled dosadašnjih spoznaja o najranijoj plovidbi Mediteranom te razmatra kada je do prvih takvih poduhvata moglo doći na Jadranu kao specifičnom dijelu Sredozemnog prostora. Naglašena je problematika plovidbe između italske i hrvatske obale u okvirima pretpostavki kako su te maritimne ekspedicije mogle biti ostvarivane u neolitičkom razdoblju temeljem distribucije opsidijana s Eolskih otoka. Također, navedena su praktična razmišljanja o pitanju uporabe plovila pogonjenih na vjetar u doba kasnog neolitika., In the past fifteen years we have substantially improved our knowledge of the seafaring expeditions in the Mediterranean, based either on the indirect evidence of the navigation or on what we know about the earliest such ventures. This paper presents an overview of what is known about the earliest navigation in the Mediterranean and considers the possible origins of the first such ventures in the Adriatic as a specific part of the Mediterranean. It focuses on the problem of the navigation between the Italic and Croatian coasts, tackling the possibility of such maritime expeditions based on the distribution of the obsidian from the Aeolian Islands. It also ponders on the practical aspects of the use of sailing vessels in the Late Neolithic.

The results of biometrical analysis, i.e. twelve morphometric and five meristic characters of garfish, Belone belone (L.1761.), are presented in this paper. All representative samples were collected from commercial catches in the eastern Adriatic Sea during the period from 2003 to 2008. The total length (TL) of all observed specimens (N=3393) ranged from 20.8 to 75.4 cm (38.3±7.94 cm). The sex ratio of all specimens was 1:1., U ovom radu su izneseni rezultati biometrijske analize iglice, Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761), u čiju svrhu je analizirano dvanaest morfometrijskih i pet merističkih značajki. Sve analizirane jedinke iglice su uzorkovane iz komercijalnih lovina ostvarenih u istočnom dijelu Jadranskog mora u razdoblju od 2003. do 2008. godine. Ukupna dužina tijela (TL) svih jedinki je kolebala od 20,8 cm do 75,4 cm (38.3 ± 7.94 cm). Omjer spolova je iznosio 1:1.

The present study was undertaken not only to register the new recently noticed maximum age and total length of Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), contributing to the knowledge of this species in the Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea inclusively. A painted comber specimen of 323 mm of total length and age 16 years was caught during August 2008 in the Lavdra Channel (middle-eastern Adriatic Sea)., Jedinka pirke Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) je ulovljena uz sjeverozapadnu obalu otoka Mala Lavadra (istočni dio srednjeg Jadrana). Totalna dužina tijela kao i starost ulovljene pirke je najveća zabilježena do sada na području njenog rasprostranjenja i iznosila je 323 mm odnosno 16 godina.