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To determine the association of anti-obesity medications (AOMs) with weight loss maintenance over 2 years.This is a retrospective observational cohort study of adults treated for obesity between 1 April 2014 and 1 April 2016 at a tertiary academic weight management center and who completed 2 years of follow-up. Main outcome measures were mean percent weight loss, percent of individuals who achieved clinically significant long-term weight loss (≥5% weight loss over 2 years), and long-term weight loss maintenance (achievement of ≥5% weight loss at 1 year and maintenance of the ≥5% reduction for the second year).Of the 1566 new patients, 421 completed 1- and 2-year follow-up appointments. Patients were mostly female and on average 51 years old; they weighed 100.1 kg and had a BMI of 35.8 kg/mLong-term weight loss maintenance was observed among adults with medically managed obesity who completed 2 years of follow-up.

This study investigated weight control behaviors associated with early menopause among Korean women, utilizing cross-sectional Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data obtained from 2014 to 2018 to analyze 3,591 women aged 20-64 years with complete responses to questions dealing with natural menopause status and age. The data were analyzed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. After adjusting for confounding variables affecting weight control behaviors and the timing of menopause, not having lost weight (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50-0.97

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e clí­nico de pacientes candidatos í cirurgia bariátrica. Método: estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado com candidatos ao processo de cirurgia bariátrica em hospital do Recife, Pernambuco, por meio de entrevista individual. A amostra foi composta por 120 indiví­duos. Aplicou-se estatí­stica descritiva para análise dos dados. Resultados: o perfil encontrado foi de pacientes do sexo feminino (78,3%), de cor branca (56,7%), solteiros (50,0%), com média de idade de 35,8 anos e peso de 126,6 quilogramas. O uso de medicamentos para emagrecimento antes da cirurgia ocorreu em 79,2% dos participantes e a realização de dieta para controle de peso em 98,3%. Foi evidenciada pelo menos uma comorbidade em 89,1% dos pacientes, sendo as principais esteatose hepática, lombalgia e hipertensão arterial. Conclusão: a maioria dos pacientes possuí­a fatores de risco para a obesidade e buscaram a cirurgia por motivos de saúde, após a tentativa de métodos não cirúrgicos.

Aims.To evaluate the impact of body weight dynamics on the clinical course of atrial fibrillation in obese patients.Materials and methods. The study included 101 primary obese patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation. Study design: a retrospective, single-center, comparative study. Retrospectively аccording to the he body weight dynamics, patients were divided into 3 groups: those who increased their body weight by >3 % (Group 1, n=40), maintained their initial body weight by ±2.9 % (Group 2, n=29), and reduced their initial body weight by >3 % (Group 3, n=32). Follow-up examinations by a doctor were carried out at least once every 6 months for minimum 36 months. Change in AF type was determined by disease patterns and 7-day Holter monitoring results. The groups were comparable in gender (p=0,9267), age (p=0,3841), height (p=0,8900), and disease form (Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation /Persistent atrial fibrillation) (p=0,8826), the severity of symptoms on the European Heart Rhythm Association score of atrial fibrillations (p=0,8687) and systolic blood pressure at the beginning of the study (p=0,4500).Results. At the final control examination, the body weight of patients in Group 1 increased by an average of 11,4 [9,3; 13,1] kg (р Conclusion. This study demonstrates the relationships between the dynamics of body weight and the clinical course of atrial fibrillation. The progression of obesity leads to the progression of the disease. Weight-loss management reverses the type and natural progression of AF, improves the prognosis and the course of disease, regardless of other significant risk factors, increases the anti-arrhythmic therapy effect and the effect of interventional treatment.

BACKGROUND Unhealthy weight control and disordered eating behaviors are prevalent among adolescents who identify as a gender and/or sexual minority (SGM). The current study examined how perceptions of school safety contribute to reduced negative weight control and eating behaviors across adolescents with diverse sexual and gender identities. METHODS Data on perceptions of school safety, as well as negative weight control and disordered eating behaviors (ie, binge eating, eating to cope), were drawn from a large national sample of SGM secondary school students (ie, grades 7-12; N = 17,112; LGBTQ National Teen Survey). RESULTS Differences in negative weight control and disordered eating behaviors emerged as a function of gender identity and sexual orientation. School safety was significantly associated with fewer negative weight control behaviors (B = -0.30, p

Background Parents are increasingly pursuing weight loss in medical weight management programs, yet little is known about the presenting behaviors and practices of children who have parents initiating these programs. Objective To describe congruence in weight control practices, sedentary and screen time behaviors, and family functioning and communication between parents initiating a medical weight management program and their children (ages 7–18). Methods Twenty‐three dyads were enrolled and had measured height/weight and research packets completed including perceived weight status, weight control practices, sedentary and screen‐time behaviors, and family functioning and communication. Paired t‐tests and intraclass correlations assessed congruence; independent t‐tests determined differences based on child demographics (age, sex, and weight status). Results Parents underestimated children's use of weight control practices compared to child reports. Children with overweight, males, and older in age had increased weight control practices and sedentary and screen‐time behaviors. Children who perceived themselves to have overweight reported more impaired family communication than children perceived to be a healthy weight. Conclusions This study highlights the discrepancy between dyads' reports of children's behaviors, and identifies that specific child populations with overweight, older in age, and males are at‐risk of experiencing less healthy behaviors and impaired family communication. Future research should monitor changes over time in parental weight management programs to determine effects based on parental weight loss.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and acupuncture treatment in obese patients. Methods : : The effects of exercise in obese patients receiving acupuncture therapy were investigated in this retrospective, case-controlled study in which subjects complying with exercise were enrolled in the case and non-compliers were enrolled in the control group.Results : : There was a statically significant weight loss in both the study case group (94.39 ± 20.36; 88.91 ± 19.00; n = 22; p = 0.001) and the control group (103.18 ± 21.92; 99.56 ± 21.92; n = 34; p = 0.001) after 3 months. Weight loss occurred in all 22 patients in the case group. In the control group, while weight loss occurred in 27 of the 34 patients, weight gain occurred in three patients. Conclusion : : In conclusion, the addition of modalities such as acupuncture, exercise and diet may provide effective improvement in weight control.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a significant difference in body mass index (BMI) between Black American middle school students who participated in physical activities in the afterschool program and those who did not. A total of 49 sixth to eight grade middle school Black American students participated in this study, with 27 in the physical activity group. The body mass was calculated by using the Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculator for Child and Teens. No significant difference in BMI was found between the two groups. Since the average BMI score in the group with physical activities was in the healthy category and the group with no physical activities in the overweight category, it may still indicate that physical activity played a role in weight control. However, due to both of the two groups showed a relatively high BMI score, more effective treatments, such as a combination of healthy diet program and physical activity program, are recommended to fight this obesity pandemic in the minority youth groups.

Introduction Little is known about gender differences in associations between weight control intentions and mental health in adolescents. Our objective was to examine these associations in a large sample of adolescent girls and boys. Methods Using data from Year 6 (2017–18) of the COMPASS study (n = 57 324), we performed a series of multivariable linear regressions to examine whether weight control intentions (gain, lose, stay the same, no intention) were associated with depression, anxiety and self-concept, while adjusting for relevant covariates including body mass index. Models were stratified by self-reported gender. Results Compared to those with no intentions, girls who intended to lose weight reported higher symptoms of depression (B = 0.52, p $lt; 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.41, p $lt; 0.001) and poorer self-concept (B = 2.06, p $lt; 0.001). Girls who intended to gain weight also reported higher symptoms of depression (B = 0.54, p $lt; 0.001), anxiety (B = 0.50, p $lt; 0.001) and self-concept (B = 1.25, p $lt; 0.001). Boys who intended to lose weight reported greater symptoms of depression (B = 0.26, p $lt; 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.33, p $lt; 0.001) and poor self-concept (B = 1.10, p $lt; 0.001). In boys, weight-gain intentions were associated with greater symptoms of anxiety (B = 0.17, p $lt; 0.05), but not depression or self-concept. Conclusion Intentions to gain or lose weight were associated with symptoms of mental disorder and poor self-concept in our large sample of adolescents, and these relationships differed in boys and girls. These findings have important implications for school-based programs promoting healthy weight and body image.

Background Holidays are challenging for weight control and are consistently associated with weight gain. Managing holiday weight gain may be especially difficult for individuals with higher body weight or a history of overweight/obesity. The current study evaluated how individuals with a history of successful weight loss plan for the holiday season and how the use of weight control strategies was associated with weight change. Methods A subgroup of participants in the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) were asked to complete a survey before (November) and after the holidays (January). At pre‐holiday, participants reported height, weight, and weight goals for the holiday season (lose, maintain, minimize gains, or gain), and selected the top three weight control strategies they planned to use (from a list of 18). Post‐holiday, participants reported weight and how often (frequently, infrequently, or not at all) they used each of the 18 strategies throughout the holidays. Results Individuals who completed both surveys were included in the analysis (n = 683; 69% female, 93% white, 54.6 years [SD: 13.2], 26.9 kg/m2 [SD: 5.5]). Pre‐holiday, 64% of participants were currently trying to lose weight. Only 35% of the sample wanted to continue losing weight during the holiday season. The most common strategies individuals planned to use during the holiday season were evidence based (maintaining exercise, monitoring portions, tracking foods, and self‐weighing). Participants gained 0.66 kg (SD: 1.85) from pre‐ to post‐holiday and reported using an average of 12/18 strategies. A greater number of strategies were associated with less weight gain (F[1, 670] = 4.28, p = 0.04). Daily self‐weighing (p = 0.03) and prioritizing food choices (p = 0.02) were individually associated with less weight gain. Discussion Participants in the NWCR entered the holiday season with a variety of goals for their weight and used many different strategies to control their weight. Having a wider range of strategies may be helpful to navigate the challenges to weight control during the holidays.

Background Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced in combat sports. Both magnitude and methods used to induce RWL are largely similar among combat sports, but currently, there is no data on RWL methodology used by sambo athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine RWL procedures sambo athletes apply to lose weight rapidly. Methods The sample consisted of 199 participants, of which 132 males and 67 females who participated in the World Sambo Championship 2020 held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Each participant received RWL questionnaire that was available in multiple languages, and every participant was instructed how to fill it out. Results Almost 87% of sambo participants declared to have intentionally cut their weight prior to the competition, whereby 5.27 kg (SD: ±7.57) was lost. Gradual dieting, sauna use and skipping meals were the most dominant methods used to reduce weight prior to competition while more extreme methods of RWL such as the use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills and vomiting were also implemented but by much smaller fragment of the participants involved. Conclusions Findings from our study largely match with previously conducted RWL studies in terms of prevalence, magnitude and methods used by combat sport athletes, especially in judo and wrestling. Knowing the hazardous consequences of RWL, alternative methods of sustainable weight loss should be considered.

Background Individuals receiving behavioral weight loss treatment frequently fail to adhere to prescribed dietary and self-monitoring instructions, resulting in weight loss clinicians often needing to assess and intervene in these important weight control behaviors. A significant obstacle to improving adherence is that clinicians and clients sometimes disagree on the degree to which clients are actually adherent. However, prior research has not examined how clinicians and clients differ in their perceptions of client adherence to weight control behaviors, nor the implications for treatment outcomes. Purpose In the context of a 6-month weight-loss treatment, we examined differences between participants and clinicians when rating adherence to weight control behaviors (dietary self-monitoring; limiting calorie intake) and evaluated the hypothesis that rating one’s own adherence more highly than one’s clinician would predict less weight loss during treatment. Methods Using clinician and participant-reported measures of self-monitoring and calorie intake adherence, each assessed using a single item with a 7- or 8-point scale, we characterized discrepancies between participant and clinician adherence and examined associations with percent weight change over 6 months using linear mixed-effects models. Results Results indicated that ratings of adherence were higher when reported by participants and supported the hypothesis that participants who provided higher adherence ratings relative to their clinicians lost less weight during treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that participants in weight loss treatment frequently appraise their own adherence more highly than their clinicians and that participants who do so to a greater degree tend to lose less weight.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Numerous school-based weight control programs have been initiated for weight loss among adolescents. However, the relationship between these programs and inappropriate weight control efforts, dietary habits and behavior of students, have not been investigated sufficiently. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) of adolescents, and their health status and inappropriate weight-control efforts. We further examined the relationship between attendance to school-based weight-control programs and attempting inappropriate weight-control efforts, dietary habits, and behavior. SUBJECTS/METHODS A survey of 1,742 students was conducted in Korea. Logistic regression was used to assess differences in the health status (grouped by BMI and improper weight control) and dietary habits, based on attendance to the weight-control programs. RESULTS Obese students were significantly more dissatisfied with physical, mental and spiritual health. Students who attended weight-control programs were likely to be underweight (P < 0.001), whereas those who did not attend weight-control programs were likely to attempt weight control improperly (P < 0.001). Students who participated in the program also had relatively healthy dietary habits (P < 0.001-0.027), and students who did not attend had comparatively unhealthy dietary habits (P < 0.001-0.008). Students who attended weight-control programs were likely to be underweight (P < 0.001) with relatively healthy dietary habits (P < 0.001-0.027), whereas students who did not attend the programs were likely to attempt weight control improperly (P < 0.001) and had comparatively unhealthy dietary habits (P < 0.001-0.008). CONCLUSIONS Attending school-based weight-control programs was significantly associated with not attempting inappropriate weight-control efforts, as well as following healthy dietary habits. Our data indicates that offering school-based weight-control programs is valuable to student health, and is anticipated to reducing the public health burden.

Individuals seeking to achieve weight loss are encouraged to achieve a negative energy balance, essentially eat less and move more. The complex relationship between energy expenditure and intake is often overlooked, leaving individuals and practitioners underwhelmed by the results of weight loss efforts. Independently, physical activity and diet interventions can yield modest weight loss and when combined have synergistic effects that promote sustained weight loss. Although physical activity benefits appetite suppression, reduces food rewards, and can be considered a gateway to healthy eating, high levels of daily activity are needed to induce weight loss. Diet is an important component to achieving weight loss, and high-protein diets have the potential for supporting weight loss as well. This column will be focused on the benefits of physical activity in reducing body weight, more specifically, the interdependent relationship between dietary intake and physical activity in achieving weight reduction.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Büyükler Serbest Stil Türkiye Şampiyonasına katılan erkek güreşçilerin kilo düşme profillerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubu, Büyükler Türkiye Güreş Şampiyonasına katılmış sporcular arasından çalışmamıza gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden, yaş ortalamaları 23,38±4,26 yıl olan 153 sporcu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Yarar, Eroğlu, Üzüm ve Polat (2016) tarafından geliştirilen “Sporcu Kilo Düşme Yöntemleri ve Etkileri Ölçeği”nden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada, tüm sıkletlerdeki güreşçilerin büyük çoğunluğu, müshil, diyet ve idrar söktürücü gibi haplar kullanmayı tercih etmediklerini belirtirlerken, kilo düşme yöntemlerinden diyet alt boyutunda yer alan yağ tüketiminin azaltılmasının en çok tercih edilen cevap olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, sıkletler arası alt boyutların karşılaştırılmasında sadece diyet alt boyutu içerisinde yer alan “Karbonhidrat tüketimini azaltırım” cevapları arasında anlamlı bir farka rastlanmıştır. Farklılığı yaratan grubun ise ağır sıklet güreşçiler olduğu, hem hafif sıklet hem de orta sıklet güreşçiler ile ağır sıklet güreşçiler arasında farklılık bulunduğu belirlenmiştir (p

Obesity is a global epidemic. A rise in obesity has been fueled by the COVID–19 enforced lockdown, having a massive impact on health, leading to over-eating and poor diet and sleep, as well as a reduction in physical activity and exercise and loneliness, as there is a need to stay healthy, fit and stronger and rebuild some of the healthy habits. It is related to improved risk of illness and death with ideal body weight. Physical activities with modifications of exercise and calorie intake together are considered as cornerstones in the prevention and management of obesity. Genetic factors, lifestyle factors such as financial status, home, and working environment and social relationships, play significant roles in developing and modifying weight control. Periodic weight gain is common during such times as holidays, the COVID-19 lockdown, and winter months. This review includes the most important aspects of obesity management were discussed, such as diet and nutrition, physical activity and exercises, lifestyle and environmental changes. Adherence to lifestyle measures with healthy eating habits and more physical activity, around the home to be encouraged among people, to offset the resultant obesity is what we recommend them and also discover new ways of raising the spirits while isolated.

The objective was to verify the association between body dissatisfaction (BD) – constituted by the desire to lose weight – with family and personal aspects related to the shape of the body and weight control practices in female adolescents. A cross-sectional, observational epidemiological study with adolescents aged 12–19 years, enrolled in classes of the 8th and 9th years of public schools belonging to the urban area of the city of Caxias do Sul/Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was conducted. A self-applicable questionnaire was used. BD was assessed using a silhouette scale. Multivariate regression was performed using Poisson regression with robust variation, hierarchically using a pre-established conceptual model, using the prevalence ratio (PR) adjusted with 95 % CI as a measure of effect. A significance level of 5 % (P ≤ 0·05) was considered. Among the 685 female students, 77·2 % had BD. The father’s incentive to diet sometimes (PR 1·19; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·32; P ≤ 0·001) and always (PR 1·15; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·28; P ≤ 0·001), trying to lose weight (PR 1·63; 95 % CI 1·33, 1·99; P ≤ 0·001), dieting five times or more (PR 1·22; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·36; P ≤ 0·001) and skipping meals less than once a week (PR 1·16; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·29; P = 0·026) increased the chances of having BD. In conclusion, among the investigated parents’ behaviours, only the father’s incentive to go on a diet was associated with BD. Adolescent weight control practices increased the chances of having BD. Thus, it facilitates the identification of this condition at an early stage, enabling adequate treatment and prevention of health complications.

Body dissatisfaction is ubiquitous in our society and leads to eating disorders. Longitudinal research suggests that higher body dissatisfaction predicts higher negative affect and unhealthy weight control behaviors over time. However, no study has assessed how body dissatisfaction impacts affect and weight control behaviors in the moment. In the current study, we examined the momentary relationships between body dissatisfaction, affect and weight control behaviors using ecological momentary assessment. Female college students (N = 67) completed measures of state body dissatisfaction, affect, and weight control behaviors across fourteen days using ecological momentary assessment. Greater body dissatisfaction significantly predicted lower subsequent positive affect and higher subsequent negative affect, but positive and negative affect did not predict subsequent body dissatisfaction. Daily average body dissatisfaction was not significantly associated with daily engagement in either healthy or unhealthy weight control behaviors. Short-term negative effects of body dissatisfaction on affect were apparent. Targeting body dissatisfaction may be important for improving affect. Level IV, multiple time series without intervention.

This cross-sectional survey study explored associations between perceived bodyweight norms, psychological need satisfaction and motivation for weight control among 500 adult residents of two countries with different overweight/obesity prevalence: the UK (63% prevalence) and the Netherlands (50%). A hypothesised model of the effects of descriptive norms (i.e. perceptions of what is typical for most people) and injunctive norms (i.e. perceptions of what is typically approved by others) on autonomous motivation, mediated through basic psychological need satisfaction, was analysed using structural equation modelling. Descriptive norms did not differ between countries, yet UK adults reported a lower-weight injunctive norm. Perceiving higher bodyweights to be normal negatively predicted motivation to manage one's bodyweight mediated through an undermining effect on psychological need satisfaction. Perceiving higher bodyweights to be normal may have the potential to reduce individual motivation for weight control, but the sensitivity of people's perceptions to objective differences in overweight prevalence appears limited.

Objective This study was aimed to describe the body image and weight-control behavior among adolescent girls with low-mid socioeconomic background. Methods A cross-sectional study with 148 adolescent girls from low-rank public senior high school were conducted. Figure Rating Scale was used to measure body image, and a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect information on weight-control behavior. Data then analyzed descriptively. Results It was found that 56.1% of the respondents have negative body image, in which 35.8% of respondents desired to have a smaller body, and 20.3% of respondents desired to have a heavier body. The majority of respondents were ever tried to lose and avoid weight gain (50%) or gain and avoid weight loss (23.0%). The most frequent healthy weight loose behavior performed by respondents were exercised and ate more fruits and vegetables. Moreover, the most frequent unhealthy weight loos behavior has skipped the meal and ate little food. In addition, some of the respondents were tried to gain weight by changing eating patterns, physical activity, and use supplementation. Conclusions Body dissatisfaction is prominent among adolescent girls with low-mid socioeconomic background. The form of dissatisfaction is not limited to the desire to be thinner but also the desire to look heavier. Further intervention is needed to build positive body image and promote healthy eating behavior among adolescent girls from the low-mid socioeconomic background.

Objectives Weight control behavior is a strategy for weight loss or weight gains that range from healthy to unhealthy. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of weight control behaviors and their related factors in adolescent girls in Tehran. Methods Adolescent girls in the last grade of high school (n=491) that were selected by a multi-stage sampling method completed a cross-sectional survey (2018) in Tehran city in Iran. Data were collected using questionnaires (standard and researcher-made) by the self-report method and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression. Results 17.5% of adolescents had healthy, 60.6% had unhealthy, 15.8% had extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors, and 6.1% had no weight control behaviors. 74.8% of adolescents were in the normal body mass index (BMI) percentile. Unhealthy weight control behaviors were observed more than healthy behaviors at all BMI levels. Weight control behaviors had significant relationships with weight control intention (p=0.005), family (p=0.016) and peers (p=0.011) encouragement to weight control, engagement of relatives in weight control behaviors (p=0.016), anxiety (p Conclusions Considering that a significant percentage of adolescents have unhealthy and extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors, and some of these behaviors leave irreversible effects on the health of this age group, design, and implementation of educational programs to prevent such behaviors seem imperative.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, multisystem neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 1 in 25,000 live births. PWS is caused by absence of expression of paternally inherited imprinted genes on chromosome 15q11-q13. The syndrome typically occurs due to one of three genetic mechanisms: paternal deletion of involved genes, maternal uniparental disomy, or imprinting center defects. These genetic anomalies lead to well-described clinical phenotype that includes hypotonia, hypothalamic dysfunction, social and behavioral issues, life-threatening hyperphagia, and elevated probability of obesity. Adolescents with PWS are at the highest risk for development of life-threatening obesity due to increased access to food, decreased physical activity, and hyperphagia. Currently, the only treatment for the hyperphagia is environmental control, including locked kitchens and continuous supervision of the affected individual. Caloric intake must be restricted to prevent obesity, which subsequently increases the hunger drive even more. Research and clinical practice have demonstrated that increasing physical activity along with insuring a well-balanced, nutritionally dense diet can improve overall weight control in adolescents with PWS.

Weight control is an exercise benefit, important for older Black women, a group experiencing obesity disparities. We compared perceived exercise benefits and barriers between Black women with and without obesity and determined which mediated the weight group-exercise relationship. A survey (n = 234) was administered to determine attitudinal agreement between weight groups (obese or non-obese). Multiple mediation analysis was used to investigate if attitudes mediated the weight group-exercise relationship. High agreement with all exercise benefits was observed between women with and without obesity. Compared with women without obesity, women with obesity were more likely to report the barriers of only exercising to lose weight (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.40–4.55), lack of will power (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.05–3.19), weight (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.34–6.83), and cost (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.02–4.47). Exercising to lose weight and lack of will power mediated the weight group-exercise relationship. Women largely agreed on the exercise benefits. Lack of will power and engaging in exercise only for weight loss were barriers that were more common among older Black women with obesity. The barriers partially explained the lower exercise engagement in women with obesity. Future work may address these barriers to increase exercise in older Black women.

The link between the gut microbiome and obesity is not well defined. Understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in weight and health management may lead to future revolutionary changes for treating obesity. This review examined the relationship between obesity and the gut microbiome, and the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for preventing and treating obesity. We used PubMed and Google Scholar to collect appropriate articles for the review. We showed that the gut microbiome has an impact on nutrient metabolism and energy expenditure. Moreover, different modalities of obesity treatment have been shown to change the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome; this raises questions about the role these changes may play in weight loss. In addition, studies have shown that supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may alter the secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, and inflammatory factors, thus preventing food intake triggers that lead to weight gain. Further clinical studies are needed to better understand how different species of bacteria in the gut microbiome may affect weight gain, and to determine the most appropriate doses, compositions, and regimens of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics supplementation for long-term weight control.

Background Detox diet are known as a popular dieting strategies that helps toxins elimination and weight manage but there is very little clinical evidence. The Wellnessup diet (WD) used in the present study designed as a healthy meals based on organic plant based diets including various vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and phytonutrients. Methods To evaluate the effects of 4 week intake of the WD on toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction, and safety parameters. Forty-five women with body mass index (BMI) of 23.5–30 kg/m2 were recruited. Thirty of them were assigned 1:1 to the test group (WD, 15 subjects) and control group 1 (calorie-restricted diet, CRD, 15 subjects) in a single blind and randomized, and the remaining 15 subjects were assigned to control group 2 (maintaining regular diet, MRD). The primary outcome were toxic trace element levels in hair (29 types of heavy metals), and the secondary outcomes were changes in anthropometric and urinary organic acids. Results The levels of four toxic trace elements in hair decreased in the WD group after the diet compared to before the diet. Ni, Rh, Sn, and Ga were significantly lower in the WD group than in the CRD or MRD group (p p p p Conclusions Use of WD might have several beneficial effects and safety such as body fat reduction and improving some the element detoxification through caloric restriction but did not reducing body fat mass more than calorie-restricted diet. Trial registration This study was registered at Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of Republic of Korea (KCT0003002).

Objective: To identify the frequency of disordered eating (DE) and unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCB) among adolescents and associations with age, sex, actual weight status, perceived weight status, and body image dissatisfaction. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 1,156 adolescents. DE was assessed using a specific self-report questionnaire, UWCB by specific behaviors that were not typically recommended for weight management, and body dissatisfaction by Stunkard’s silhouettes. Results: The frequency of DE was 17.3%, and that of UWCB, 31.9%; 80.1% of participants were dissatisfied with body image. Perception of oneself as overweight was associated with 1.795-fold odds of DE. Those with UWCB had 7.389-fold odds of DE, while DE increased the odds of UWCB 7.280-fold. Girls, participants who perceived themselves as overweight, and those who reported body dissatisfaction were 2.266, 2.381, and 1.752 times more likely to have UWCB, respectively. Conclusion: A high prevalence of UWCB and a moderate prevalence of DE behaviors was found in adolescents from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Those who perceived themselves as overweight had more DE and UWCB, and both behaviors were related. UWCB was more common in girls and among those dissatisfied with their bodies.

© The Author(s), 2020. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Weight loss maintenance is crucial for obesity management, yet optimal dietary patterns for this period are not established. We aimed to explore the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and weight loss maintenance. Sample includes 565 adults (62 % women) of the MedWeight study. Eligible volunteers were those reporting intentional weight loss of ≥10 %, starting from a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, over 12 months prior to enrolment. Based on current weight, participants were characterised as maintainers (≤90 % maximum weight) or regainers (>95 % maximum weight). Socio-demographics and weight history were recorded. Dietary intake was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h recalls within 10 d and analysed in energy, macronutrient and food group intakes. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Score (MedDietScore) (range 0-55, greater scores showing higher adherence). Protein intake was higher in maintainers than in regainers (P < 0·001). When MedDietScore quartiles were considered, a linear trend for weight loss maintenance was revealed (P < 0·05). After adjustment for basic demographic characteristics, being in the third or fourth quartile of the MedDietScore (v. first) was associated with 2·30 (95 % CI 1·29, 4·09) and 1·88 (95 % CI 1·10, 3·22) increased odds of maintenance. Regarding individual MedDietScore components, only fruit intake is associated with increased odds for maintenance (1·03 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·06)). The leave-one-out approach revealed that at least six MedDietScore components were essential for the observed relationship. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with 2-fold increased likelihood of weight loss maintenance. Future studies should replicate these findings in non-Mediterranean populations as well., The MedWeight study was initially funded by the Coca-Cola Foundation (2012–2015, KA 221; Principal Investigator: Mary Yannakoulia). D. P. received financial support by the Greek State Scholarship Foundation (MIS 5000432).

Introduction A considerable number of patients experience some long-term weight regain after bariatric surgery. Body contouring surgery (BCS) is thought to strengthen post-bariatric surgery patients in their weight control and maintenance of achieved improvements in comorbidities. Objectives To examine the impact of BCS on long-term weight control and comorbidities after bariatric surgery. Methods We performed a retrospective study in a prospective database. All patients who underwent primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and presented for preoperative consultation of BCS in the same hospital were included in the study. Linear and logistic mixed-effect model analyses were used to evaluate the longitudinal relationships between patients who were accepted or rejected for BCS and their weight loss outcomes or changes in comorbidities. Results Of the 1150 patients who underwent primary RYGB between January 2010 and December 2014, 258 patients (22.4%) presented for preoperative consultation of BCS. Of these patients, 126 patients eventually underwent BCS (48.8%). Patients who were accepted for BCS demonstrated significant better ∆body mass index (BMI) on average over time (− 1.31 kg/m2/year, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.52 − −0.10, p = 0.034) and percent total weight loss (%TWL) was significantly different at 36 months (5.79, 95%CI 1.22 – 10.37, p = 0.013) and 48 months (6.78, 95%CI 0.93 – 12.63, p = 0.023) after body contouring consultation. Patients who were accepted or rejected did not differ significantly in the maintenance of achieved improvements in comorbidities. Conclusion BCS could not be associated with the maintenance of achieved improvements in comorbidities after bariatric surgery, whereas it could be associated with improved weight loss maintenance at 36 and 48 months after body contouring consultation. This association should be further explored in a large longitudinal study.

We hypothesized that exposure to weight stigma simultaneously increases motivation to lose or avoid gaining weight to avoid future stigma and decreases perceived capacity to do so, by heightening concerns about experiencing stigma and negative affect. Study 1 showed that more frequently experiencing weight-based discrimination was associated with greater concerns about being a victim of weight stigma, which predicted increased motivation to lose weight but decreased perceived capacity for weight control. Study 2 showed that participants randomly assigned to view a weight-stigmatizing (vs. control) message showed increased concerns about being a target of weight stigma, which indirectly increased motivation to lose weight and decreased state self-control. These, in turn, predicted increased willingness to engage in unhealthy weight-loss behaviors and decreased perceived capacity for weight control, respectively. Study 3 showed that increased motivation to avoid stigma and increased negative affect mediate these effects of exposure to weight stigma.

Suboptimal weight losses are partially attributable to lapses from a prescribed diet. We developed an app (OnTrack) that uses ecological momentary assessment to measure dietary lapses and relevant lapse triggers and provides personalized intervention using machine learning. Initially, tension between user burden and complete data was resolved by presenting a subset of lapse trigger questions per ecological momentary assessment survey. However, this produced substantial missing data, which could reduce algorithm performance. We examined the effect of more questions per ecological momentary assessment survey on algorithm performance, app utilization, and behavioral outcomes. Participants with overweight/obesity ( n = 121) used a 10-week mobile weight loss program and were randomized to OnTrack-short (i.e. 8 questions/survey) or OnTrack-long (i.e. 17 questions/survey). Additional questions reduced ecological momentary assessment adherence; however, increased data completeness improved algorithm performance. There were no differences in perceived effectiveness, app utilization, or behavioral outcomes. Minimal differences in utilization and perceived effectiveness likely contributed to similar behavioral outcomes across various conditions.

Recently spirulina algae have been used for weight reduction. It is known that at least 36 g of this algae provide all the essential amino acids, among other different compounds such as fiber and flavonoids with the possibility of treating obesity or overweight, The objective was to determine if the administration of spirulina helps reduce body weight in Wistar rats as well as determining possible effects on the metabolism of different general bio-chemical markers such as a lipid profile, urea and creatinine. A double-blind experimental study was applied using 10 Wistar rats, four rats called experimental rats, 5.8 mg of spirulina diluted in 1 mL of water, by orogas-tric tube for eight weeks, were administered to the control group (6 rats same species and initial weight) He was given only 1 mL of water. The weight of the experimental rats versus the controls had no significant changes. Regarding the biochemical markers, only a significant increase in the values of urea, total cholesterol, and tri-glycerides of the experimental group in relation to the control was found. The findings suggest the intake of spirulina for weight control and in possible states of malnutrition.

Summary Objective Internet delivery of behavioural weight control interventions offers potential for broad geographic reach and accessibility, but weight losses online fall short of those produced with the same programme delivered in‐person. This pilot study examined feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a video‐based platform for delivering weekly chat as part of a 6‐month, 24‐session online group behavioural weight control programme compared with the established text‐based format, which has produced the best online weight losses to date. Method Women with obesity (N = 32) were randomized to either (a) weekly video group chat sessions and provided with a cellular‐enabled scale (Video) or (b) Text‐based weekly chat sessions and given a digital scale (Text) and followed for 6 months to determine weight loss and treatment engagement. Results Women randomized to the ideo condition lost more weight than those in the Text condition (−5.0 ± 6.0% vs. −3.0 ± 4.1%, respectively) at 6 months, although the difference was not statistically significant. However, women in the Video condition had significantly greater treatment engagement, with greater self‐monitoring and website utilization than those in the Text condition. Conclusions Videoconference delivery of group‐based online weight control accompanied by a cellular‐connected scale may promote greater treatment engagement and weight loss than text‐based chat. A larger, adequately powered study is warranted to determine which elements drive these enhanced treatment outcomes.

Physical activity (PA) goal adherence is consistently associated with greater weight loss during behavioral obesity treatment, and early weight loss response predicts future weight loss success. However, it remains unclear which behaviors during the initial weeks of treatment distinguish responders from nonresponders and might be effective targets for improving treatment outcomes. To characterize subgroups with distinct patterns of PA goal adherence during the initial 2 months of an online, group-based weight control program and determine associations between these patterns and 6-month weight loss. Participants received an online behavioral obesity intervention with PA goals and daily self-monitoring. Weekly adherence to step goals and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minute goals based on self-monitoring records were examined using latent class analysis. Body weight was objectively measured at 0, 2, and 6 months. Participants (N = 212; 91.5% female, 31.6% race/ethnic minority, mean body mass index: 35.8 ± 5.9 kg/m2) clustered into three subgroups based on early goal attainment: "Both PA Goals," "MVPA Goals Only," and "Neither PA Goal." The "Both PA Goals" class had significantly greater 6-month weight loss (estimated mean weight loss [95% CI]: -9.4% [7.4 to 11.5]) compared to the "MVPA Goals Only" (-4.8% [3.4 to 6.1]) and "Neither PA Goal" classes (-2.5% [1.4 to 3.6]). Individuals meeting both PA goals early in treatment achieve greater weight losses than those meeting MVPA but not step goals, pointing to the need to explore factors associated with nonadherence to each of the PA goals to better understand these potential targets for treatment refinement and adaptive interventions.This study is the first to characterize subgroups of individuals engaged in a behavioral weight control program with distinct patterns of early physical activity (PA) goal attainment. These early PA patterns emerged as a novel factor associated with subsequent weight loss and provide an important lens to view early treatment engagement. The greatest weight losses were seen in the subgroup likely to meet program goals for both weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA and daily steps. Understanding the factors associated with PA goal attainment during the initial 2 months of a behavioral weight control program may provide insights that will allow early identification of likely treatment success and detect individuals at risk for reduced weight losses, which could signal individuals for whom additional or different support may then be directed to increase weight loss success.

The effectiveness of weight loss treatment displays dramatic inter-individual variabilities, even with well-controlled energy intake/expenditure. This study aimed to determine the association between daily rhythms of cardiac autonomic control and weight loss efficiency and to explore the potential relevance to weight loss resistance in humans carrying the genetic variant C at CLOCK 3111T/C. A total of 39 overweight/obese Caucasian women (20 CLOCK 3111C carriers and 19 non-carriers) completed a behaviour–dietary obesity treatment of ~20 weeks, during which body weight was assessed weekly. Ambulatory electrocardiographic data were continuously collected for up to 3.5 days and used to quantify the daily rhythm of fractal cardiac dynamics (FCD), a non-linear measure of autonomic function. FCD showed a 24 h rhythm (p &lt, 0.001). Independent of energy intake and physical activity level, faster weight loss was observed in individuals with the phase (peak) of the rhythm between ~2–8 p.m. and with a larger amplitude. Interestingly, the phase effect was significant only in C carriers (p = 0.008), while the amplitude effect was only significant in TT carriers (p &lt, 0.0001). The daily rhythm of FCD and CLOCK 3111T/C genotype is linked to weight loss response interactively, suggesting complex interactions between the genetics of the circadian clock, the daily rhythm of autonomic control, and energy balance control.

Background Overweight or obesity is common in endometrial cancer (EC). This study aimed to examine sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics associated with being discontent with current weight and use of weight control methods among long‐term EC survivors. Methods Women diagnosed with early‐stage EC who participated in the Laparoscopic Approach to Cancer of the Endometrium (LACE) trial (n = 516) were invited to complete a long‐term follow‐up survey at least 4.5 years after treatment. Chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for time since surgery were used to determine factors associated with being discontent with current weight. Results On average 9 years after surgery, 190/259 (73%) of participants were currently discontent with their weight, and 146 (56%) had used one or more weight loss methods during the past 12 months. Women who were discontent with their weight were more likely to be younger than 70 years (p, On average nine years after their initial endometrial cancer (EC) treatment, three quarters of women reported they were not content with their body weight, and more than half had used one or more weight loss programs or methods over the past 12 months. Younger age and greater usage of weight loss methods were associated with being discontent with body weight. Exercise and reducing meals, fats or sugar were common behavioral strategies, while fewer women used fasting, commercial programs, slimming products or medications to lose weight.

OBJECTIVES: As 42.4% of the United States is obese and recent estimates expect an obesity/overweight prevalence of approximately three-fourths of the population by 2030, Americans have become more invested in finding weight control solutions. Commercial weight-loss programs and diets have risen to fulfill this need. However, there continues to be a lack of clarity surrounding the longitudinal and adverse outcomes of the majority of these programs. This report discusses a likely link between the usage of a popular commercial weight loss diet and the development of impaired kidney function in a 68-year-old patient. METHODS: Upon routine laboratory testing, the patient was noted to have elevated creatinine levels and was referred to a hematologist-oncologist for a bone marrow biopsy for a suspected diagnosis of multiple myeloma, and to a nephrologist for a kidney biopsy. The patient had a peak creatinine level of 3.02 mg/dL (reference range 0.70–1.25 mg/dL) prior to the kidney biopsy, which showed prominent calcium oxalate deposits and tubular atrophy with interstitial fibrosis, virtually excluding multiple myeloma. This finding placed the patient at risk for loss of kidney function, if not addressed immediately. Upon further investigation, the patient admitted to using a Nutrisystem® diet, which was aiding him in his weight loss goals. RESULTS: After a trial of removing this diet from his lifestyle, the creatinine level of the patient substantially improved to 1.42 mg/dL within three months, demonstrating a gradual improvement in kidney function. CONCLUSIONS: This case report shows the importance of taking commercial weight-loss interventions into consideration when generating clinical recommendations for patients and adds to the currently limited literature on the long-term outcomes of the Nutrisystem® diet. Our findings point to the need for more comprehensive research into the effects of these programs and diets. FUNDING SOURCES: Not applicable.

El estudio realizado en Conductores de la Compañía de Transporte Pesado Titanes del Norte Ciatitanort S.A de Julio Andrade tuvo como objetivo Determinar los factores que predisponen el sobrepeso en conductores de la Compañía de Transporte. Se realizó un estudio de paradigma cuali-cuantitativo, tipo bibliográfico, descriptivo y de campo, y la técnica la encuesta. Se incluye en la investigación al 100 % de la población. Se evidenció factores de riesgo como: extensas jornadas laborales, sedentarismo, el tipo de comida que están obligados a consumir, falta de actividad física habitual y control de su peso, condiciones que podrían influenciar en el desarrollo de una patología cardiovascular. La propuesta de intervención constituye un papel fundamental para mejorar sus estilos de vida.

Objectives. To investigate the prospective association of diet pill and laxative use for weight control with subsequent first eating disorder diagnosis in young women. Methods. We used longitudinal data from 10 058 US women spanning 2001 through 2016. We used multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and overweight status to estimate the association between weight-control behaviors and subsequent eating disorder diagnosis. Results. Among those who had not previously received an eating disorder diagnosis, women who reported diet pill (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0, 10.5) or laxative (AOR = 6.0; 95% CI = 4.2, 8.7) use for weight control had higher odds of receiving a subsequent first eating disorder diagnosis within 1 to 3 years than those who did not report using these products. Conclusions. Use of diet pills or laxatives for weight loss can be dangerous and may be a warning sign that warrants counseling and evaluation for the presence of or risk of developing an eating disorder. Public Health Implications. Policymakers and public health professionals should develop and evaluate policy initiatives to reduce or prohibit access to diet pills and laxatives abused for weight control.

The authors review and discuss numerous factors that influence erectile function and their interactions, based on the published literature. Of critical importance are vascular nitric oxide; nutrition; exercise; weight control and maintaining insulin sensitivity; early treatment of hypertension with attention to effects on erectile function; avoiding sources of oxidative stress such as obesity and smoking; reducing inflammation (e.g. from gingivitis); improving pelvic floor muscle strength; and inhibiting cyclic GMP break-down. The described interventions act on different aspects of erectile biochemistry and physiology. Therefore, combining multiple therapeutic approaches will yield maximum benefits for erectile and vascular and general health.

Overweight and obesity induce serious health problems that exert negative effects on dog’s welfare. Body condition score (BCS) is a common method to evaluate the body fat mass in animals. By palpating and observing fats under the skin it is possible to predict animal’s body fat accumulation condition. BCS is also a useful tool to estimate body fat composition in dogs. However, BCS can be subjective when it was performed by non-professionals like pet’s owners. To develop a method to avoid the misevaluation of BCS twenty-four Beagles were enrolled and performed BCS evaluation. In addition, the length of chest and abdominal girths were measured. In correlation analysis, the sizes of chest and abdominal girth were significantly correlated with BCS. Especially, the difference and ratio of the chest and abdominal length were highly correlated with the BCS. With that, we suggested that this simple measurement of chest and abdominal girths by a measuring tape would be an effective method to estimate BCS scores in dogs that helps non-professionals to manage their own dog’s nutritional condition by monitoring body fat accumulation condition.

Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a prevalent and serious public health issue. BED is characterized by recurrent out-of-control binge eating episodes in the absence of extreme weight control behavior and is associated with significant psychosocial and physiological impairment. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), based on the affect regulation model of binge eating, is an evidence-based treatment (EBT) approach for BED. Unfortunately, access to EBTs is often limited due to geographical barriers (i.e., lack of local providers with specialized training in EBTs), lack of financial resources, and/or time constraints. Self-help approaches (via guided and unguided versions) to delivering DBT for BED offer a potentially effective means of more widely disseminating this treatment. Compared to traditional, higher intensity approaches, self-help DBT for BED is less time-consuming, less financially costly, and requires less need for specialized therapist-training. This paper will present how DBT for BED has been adapted for self-help delivery, review the limited but promising research on DBT self-help available to date, and provide directions for future research.

Abstract: Long-term successful weight control poses a huge challenge to people who are overweight and treat them in the obesogenic environment. After reaching a clinically significant (5–10%) weight loss, the goal is to maintain the weight loss achieved. However, this requires virtually constant resistance to temptations and requires sustained effort in terms of dietary restriction and physical activity, which requires a strong motivational base. From the point of view of behavior, motivation is the probability that the patient starts, pursues, or persistently follows a strategy that triggers change, that is, in the case of obesity, is committed to health-related behaviors that support weight management and abandons health risk behaviors that hinders weight control efforts. The present study describes the transtheoretical model of behavioral change and provides examples of practical ways to increase motivation and adherence at all stages of behavioral change. All this can contribute to the work of primary care and outpatient care professionals in supporting weight loss patients with excess weight. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(43): 1687–1697.

Background: Pre-diabetes is a stage prior to diabetes mellitus (DM) and many studies in west countries found the risk factors of diabetes were mostly related to the nutri onal status of being overweight and obese. Dia- betes mellitus is not only experienced by adults but also by teenagers. They have the poten al for pre-diabetes because they may have unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, consuming alcohol, high-calories, and junk foods and lack of physical ac vity. This study aims to determine the risk factors of pre-diabetes among senior high school students in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methods: This study was a qualita ve study using a ques onnaire as an instrument for data collec on. It consists of a set of ques ons on diabetes risk. This research conducted in four public senior high schools in Palangka Raya with the total sample was 131 respondents have par cipated in this research. Results: 25 respondents (19.1%) from a total sample of 131 par cipants suffered from pre-diabetes and 30.5% of respondents had a family with DM. Some students (6.9%) had a smoking habit and 13% incidence of pre- diabetes in high school students related to these factors (R2: 0.13). Only less than half of the total respondents (43.5%) had a normal BMI. As many as 39.7% of respondents were undernourished while the rest were over- weight. Conclusion: Pre-diabetes factors on teenagers in Palangka Raya are female dominate had a history of DM, and being overweight. This study further leads to the importance of weight control that focusing on physical ac vity and dietary management as early precau ons. Health educa on is required to suppress the number of risk fac- tors for diabetes.

Disordered eating behaviors are prevalent in Mexican-American college-enrolled women and contribute to compromised physical and psychological health. Although disordered eating behaviors are multi-determined, few studies have examined individual difference factors that contribute to disordered eating behaviors in Mexican women beyond acculturation. Evidence suggests that individual differences in the constellation of identities may be an important factor influencing the disordered eating behaviors. We hypothesized that individual differences in the collection of identities (self-schemas) increases susceptibility to defining oneself as fat (fat self-schema) and contribute to disordered eating behaviors over time in Mexican American college women. A 12-month longitudinal design was used to measure the level of disordered eating behaviors at 5 points over 12 months in 477 Mexican American women. Identity properties (i.e., positive self-schemas, negative self-schemas, fat self-schema) were measured at baseline. Controlling for relevant covariates, latent growth curve models showed that Mexican American women with few positive and many negative self-schemas were more likely to define themselves as fat, which in turn, predicted purging and fasting/restricting behaviors across the year. However, identity properties were not predictive of binge eating and excessive exercise episodes. Interventions focused on development of positive self-schemas that reflect areas of interest and competence and the revision of negative self-schemas may protect against purging and fasting/restricting in Mexican American college-enrolled women.

Diabetes management is a tailored affair. Patients live with the disease for decades and need increasingly complicated treatment regimens to attain glycemic goals. But other goals such as cardiovascular risk reduction, weight control, and avoidance of hypoglycemia also need consideration.

Obese and overweight people deal with more daily problems and stressful situations than normal-weight individuals, for example, discrimination and bias. The aims of the present study were twofold: to identify differences between overweight and normal-weight people in coping strategies and eating behaviors, and to examine the relationship between coping strategies, eating behaviors and BMI. Sample of the present study consisted of 473 participants, 76.7% women (mean age = 32.7; SD = 11.4). Participants completed an ad hoc sociodemographic data questionnaire, the Coping Strategies Inventory, and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Welch’s t test and X2 comparison analysis were used to identify differences in coping strategies and eating behaviors, according two BMI groups, normal weight and overweight. To analyze the relationship between coping strategies, eating behaviors and BMI, a structural equation modeling was conducted. Overweight participants score significantly higher in passive coping strategies such as self-criticism, wishful thinking and social withdrawal, and unhealthy eating behaviors such as emotional eating and restrained eating. Structural equation modeling included these variables, coping strategies are more likely to conduct to unhealthy eating behaviors and these are more likely to promote and maintain a high BMI. The model showed an adequate data fit. This research proposes a relationship between the variables analyzed. It has been proved that passive coping strategies predict a high BMI via unhealthy eating behaviors, especially emotional eating. These results are promising to improve the current prevention obesity programs and weight control treatments. Level III, case–control analytic study.

Introduction: Excess weight in childhood and adolescence is an important health problem that tends to persist in adulthood. Among the causes of this increase there appears to be a consensus on emphasizing physical activity as an excellent strategy to achieve better weight control, and on considering some models of parental practices essential for the acquisition of healthy habits in young people. Objective: To study the role of physical activity (undertaken by children and their parents) in the prevalence of overweight in Spanish schoolchildren. Methods: We studied 1687 schoolchildren aged between 13 and 17 years and 2335 mothers and fathers. The body mass index (BMI) of each child was calculated and information was collected on the physical activity level of the children and the parental physical activity level and BMI. Results: The schoolchildren analyzed have a higher prevalence of excess weight than the national average, significantly associated with age, sex, and excess weight of the mother, showing no significant association with the level of physical activity, but instead with the parental level of physical activity. Discussion: As predictive variables for excess weight in schoolchildren we found sex, age and excess weight of the mother. Conclusion: There is a prevalence of obesity and overweight in the sample of schoolchildren studied, and this is significantly associated with age rather than with physical activity. This prevalence is also significantly associated with the excess weight of the parents and with the level of physical activity of the father, which appears to confirm the influence of family characteristics and household physical activity in excess weight among schoolchildren. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test. RESUMO Introdução: O excesso de peso na infância e adolescência constitui-se em um importante problema de saúde que tende a persistir na idade adulta. Entre as causas desse aumento parece existir consenso em destacar a prática de atividade física como uma excelente estratégia para conseguir melhor controle do peso e em considerar alguns modelos de práticas parentais fundamentais para a aquisição de hábitos saudáveis nos jovens. Objetivo: Estudar o papel da atividade física própria e de seus pais na prevalência do excesso de peso em estudantes espanhóis. Métodos: Analisaram-se 1687 estudantes entre 13 e 17 anos e 2335 pais e mães. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) de cada criança e foram coletadas informações referentes ao nível de atividade física das crianças e ao nível de atividade física e IMC dos pais. Resultados: Os estudantes analisados apresentam prevalência de excesso de peso superior à média nacional associando-se significativamente com a idade, o sexo e o excesso de peso da mãe, não mostrando associação significativa com o nível da sua prática de atividade física e sim com a prática de atividade física dos pais. Discussão: Como variáveis preditivas para o excesso de peso nos estudantes encontramos o sexo, a idade e o excesso de peso da mãe. Conclusão: Há prevalência de obesidade e sobrepeso na amostra de estudantes analisada, e isso associa-se significativamente à idade e não à prática de atividade física. Essa prevalência também está associada significativamente ao excesso de peso dos pais e com o nível de atividade física do pai, o que parece confirmar a influência das características familiares e sua prática de atividade física no excesso de peso escolar. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos diagnósticos - Pesquisa de um exame para diagnóstico. RESUMEN Introducción: El exceso de peso en la infancia y la adolescencia se constituye en un importante problema de salud que tiende a persistir en la edad adulta. Entre las causas de ese aumento parece existir consenso en destacar la práctica de actividad física como una excelente estrategia para conseguir mejor control del peso y en considerar algunos modelos de prácticas parentales fundamentales para la adquisición de hábitos saludables en los jóvenes. Objetivo: Estudiar el papel de la actividad física propia y de sus padres en la prevalencia del exceso de peso en estudiantes españoles. Métodos: Se analizaron 1687 estudiantes entre 13 y 17 años y 2335 padres y madres. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de cada niño y fueron colectadas informaciones referentes al nivel de actividad física de los niños y al nivel de actividad física e IMC de los padres. Resultados: Los estudiantes analizados presentan prevalencia de exceso de peso superior al promedio nacional asociándose significativamente con la edad, el sexo y el exceso de peso de la madre, no mostrando asociación significativa con el nivel de su práctica de actividad física y sí con la práctica de actividad física de los padres. Discusión: Como variables predictivas para el exceso de peso en los estudiantes encontramos el sexo, la edad y el exceso de peso de la madre. Conclusión: Hay prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en la muestra de estudiantes analizada, y eso se asocia significativamente a la edad y no a la práctica de actividad física. Esa prevalencia también está asociada significativamente al exceso de peso de los padres y con el nivel de actividad física del padre, lo que parece confirmar la influencia de las características familiares y su práctica de actividad física en el exceso de peso escolar. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un examen para diagnóstico.

This trial compared weight loss outcomes over 14 weeks in women showing low- or high-satiety responsiveness (low- or high-satiety phenotype (LSP, HSP)) measured by a standardised protocol. Food preferences and energy intake (EI) after low and high energy-density (LED, HED) meals were also assessed. Ninety-six women (n 52 analysed; 41·24 (SD 12·54) years; 34·02 (sd 3·58) kg/m2) engaged in one of two weight loss programmes underwent LED and HED laboratory test days during weeks 3 and 12. Preferences for LED and HED food (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) and ad libitum evening meal and snack EI were assessed in response to equienergetic LED and HED breakfasts and lunches. Weekly questionnaires assessed control over eating and ease of adherence to the programme. Satiety quotients based on subjective fullness ratings post LED and HED breakfasts determined LSP (n 26) and HSP (n 26) by tertile splits. Results showed that the LSP lost less weight and had smaller reductions in waist circumference compared with HSP. The LSP showed greater preferences for HED foods, and under HED conditions, consumed more snacks (kJ) compared with HSP. Snack EI did not differ under LED conditions. LSP reported less control over eating and reported more difficulty with programme adherence. In conclusion, low-satiety responsiveness is detrimental for weight loss. LED meals can improve self-regulation of EI in the LSP, which may be beneficial for longer-term weight control.

Objective:To describe the body size and weight, and the nutrition and activity behaviours of sexual and gender minority (SGM) students and compare them with those of exclusively opposite-sex-attracted cisgender students. Male and female SGM students were also compared.Design:Data were from a nationally representative health survey.Setting:Secondary schools in New Zealand, 2012.Participants:A total of 7769 students, 9 % were SGM individuals.Results:Overall, weight-control behaviours, poor nutrition and inactivity were common and, in many cases, more so for SGM students. Specifically, male SGM students (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) were significantly more likely to have tried to lose weight (1·95; 1·47, 2·59), engage in unhealthy weight control (2·17; 1·48, 3·19), consume fast food/takeaways (2·89; 2·01, 4·15) and be physically inactive (2·54; 1·65, 3·92), and were less likely to participate in a school sports team (0·57; 0·44, 0·75), compared with other males. Female SGM students (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) were significantly more likely to engage in unhealthy weight control (1·58; 1·20, 2·08), be overweight or obese (1·24; 1·01, 1·53) and consume fast food/takeaways (2·19; 1·59, 3·03), and were less likely to participate in a school sports team (0·62; 0·50, 0·76), compared with other females. Generally, female SGM students were more negatively affected than comparable males, except they were less likely to consume fast food/takeaways frequently (adjusted OR; 95 % CI: 0·62; 0·40, 0·96).Conclusions:SGM students reported increased weight-control behaviours, poor nutrition and inactivity. Professionals, including public health nutritionists, must recognize and help to address the challenges facing sexual and gender minorities.

Amaç: Çalışma, yetişkin obez kadınlarda gece yeme sendromu (GYS) ve vücut ağırlık denetimi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Eylül 2015 - Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında Beykoz Toplum Sağlığı Merkezi Diyet Polikliniği’ne zayıflama amacıyla başvuran 100 obez kadını kapsamaktadır. Başvuran bireyler arasından Gece Yeme Anketi’ne göre toplam skoru 25 ve üzeri olan bireyler Gece Yeme Sendromu olan (çalışma grubu=50) ve toplam skoru 25’in altı olan bireyler ise GYS olmayan (kontrol grubu=50) şeklinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Kadınların demografik özellikleri ve beslenme alışkanlıkları bir anket formu ile belirlenmiş, antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış, GYS tanısı için Gece Yeme Anketi (GYA) kullanılmış, bireye özgü zayıflama diyetleri düzenlenmiş ve 12 hafta süreyle izlenmiştir. İzlemde, antropometrik ölçümler tekrarlanmış ve uygulanan diyetlere ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 40.64±8.7 yıl olan kadınların ortalama GYA skoru, çalışma grubunda 32.9±5.5, kontrol grubunda 13.5±4.9 olarak belirlenmiştir (p0.05). Sonuç: Gece yeme sendromu olan kadınlarda zayıflama diyeti sonrası vücut ağırlık kaybının, GYS olmayan kadınlara göre daha düşük olduğu, GYS’nin kadınlarda vücut ağırlık denetimi sürecini olumsuz etkilediği saptanmıştır. Vücut ağırlık denetimi ve GYS arasındaki ilişkinin daha kapsamlı çalışma ve yöntemlerle incelenmesi gerektiği düşünülmüştür. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between night eating syndrome and weight control in adult obese women. Subjects and Method: This study included 100 obese women who applied to an outpatient diet clinic at Beykoz Community Healthcare Centre between September 2015 and June 2016. Women were classified as having night eating syndrome (NES) if they had a total score of ≥25 according to Night Eating Questionnaire (study group), or classified as not having night eating syndrome (control group) if the total score of Night Eating Questionnaire was under 25. Demographic information and dietary habits were obtained, and anthropometric measurements were taken. Night eating syndrome was identified with “Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)”. A weight loss program was designed individually, and the women were followed during a total of 12 weeks. During the follow-up period, anthropometric measurements were repeated, and dietary programs were reviewed. Results: The mean age was 40.64 ± 8.7 years, and the mean NEQ scores were 32.9±5.5 and 13.5±4.9 in study and control groups, respectively. The women in the study group were suffering from night eating with an approximate duration of 6.3±6.0 years. According to body mass index (BMI), the rate of severe morbid obesity at baseline was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. At the end of the follow-up, the mean BMI was decreased by 2.02±1.5 kg/m2 and 2.50±4.5 kg/m2 , and the mean waist circumference was decreased by 5.76±4.9 cm and 6.32±4.3 cm in study and control groups, respectively. However, the difference between study and control groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that total weight loss was lower in women with NES, and NES has a negative impact on weight control. This relationship between weight control and NES should further be evaluated by comprehensive methods.