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BACKGROUND Fish farming is one of the most productive economies in the world. One of the essential goals in fish production is to minimize processing costs while maintaining and increasing the vital functions, weight and immunity of fish. OBJECTIVE We conducted this study to explore nanoselenium (Nano-Se) particles in various feeding schemes. MATERIAL AND METHOD Nano-Se particles incorporated in the basal diet at (0.5 mg/kg diet), and the fish was divided into six groups after adaptation as the follows: The first group was feed daily with a diet containing Nano-Se (0.5 mg/kg diet); the second group was exposed to a feeding programme in which it has day feeding followed by day of starvation with a diet containing Nano-Se (0.5 mg/kg diet); the third group was day feeding followed by 2 days of starvation; the fourth group served as a negative control group in which this group was continuous feeding with a basal diet without Nano-Se; the fifth group was day feeding with the basal diet followed by a day of starvation; and the sixth group was day feeding with basal diet followed by 2 days of starvation. RESULT Our result revealed that Group 2 showed significant improvement in haematological parameters, red blood cells and haemoglobin with a substantial increase in total protein (p

Study conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) bio-synthesis and Spirulina platensis on the growth performance and body composition of intensive cultured fingerling of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in addition to the effect of the diets on heavy metals concentrations in water of culture cages. Six diets were prepared to contain approximately 44% crude protein and 499 k cal./100 g diet and supplemented by S. platensis and chitosan as follow: T1: control, T2: 0.05% S. platensis, T3: 0.1% S. platensis, T4: 1 ml chitosan, T5: 1 ml chitosan and 0.05% S. platensis and T6: 1 ml chitosan and 0.1% S. platensis. Shrimp fingerlings (1.24 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed in 12 hapas at stocking density of 20 fingerlings for each. The hapas were divided into 6 replicate groups and placed in cages. Each group received a kind of the experimental diet twice daily at feeding rate of 5% shrimp biomass for 12 weeks. The results indicated that, the growth parameters; final body weight (FBW g), weight gain (WG g), specific growth rate (SGR%) and survival rate (SR%) were improved significantly all trials compared to the control group. The best values for these parameters were recorded in the group of T5 and T6 without significant differences between them. Shrimp body composition showed the highest protein and fat contents for the group of T5 and T6 with significant differences (P

The current study investigated the role of selenium (Se) nanoparticles on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidative, and immune-related genes of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Therefore, fish with initial weight of 20.53 ± 0.10 g/fish were fed diets with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg Se nanoparticles/kg diet for 90 days. The final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate of fish fed dietary nano-Se varying levels were significantly higher than the control with the highest performances and lowest FCR in the group of fish fed nano-Se at 0.5 mg/kg. The values of Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets. The values of total serum protein and globulin were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets. Additionally, globulin had higher value in the group of fish fed 0.25 and 0.5 mg nano-Se/kg than fish fed 1 mg nano-Se/kg (P 0.05). Phagocytic index, phagocytic, lysozyme activities were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets in a dose dependent manner (P

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of chitocanitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) biosynthesis using Spirulina platensis as supplemented food in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) diets. Therefore 6 diets were formulated to provide 45% crude protein and 499k cal./100 g diet and supplemented using S. platensis and chitosan as follow: T1: control, T2: 0.05% S. platensis, T3: 0.1% S. platensis, T4: 1 ml chitosan nanoparticles, T5: 1 ml chitosan nanoparticles with 0.05% S. platensis and T6: 1 ml chitosan with 0.1% S. platensis. Each diet was offered at 5% feeding rate twice, 6 days/ week in duplicate shrimp groups (1.24 g/fingerling) stocked at 15 fingerlings per m3 for each of 12 (1×2.5×1m³) hapas for 12 weeks. Growth performance, some hematological parameters and blood components of P. monodon were determined after 84 days. Supplementation of the basal diet using each of spirulina and chitosan nanoparticles (T5 and T6) significantly improved the final body weight (BW), body length (BL) and Daily weight gain (DWG) and P. monodon fed the diet T5 (supplemented using 1ml chitosan and 0.05% S. platensis) and T6 (supplemented using 1ml chitosan and 0.01% S. platensis) showed the highest serum protein, cholesterol and lactate of black tiger shrimp (P. monodon). Accordingly, it could be concluded that feeding P. monodon with diets containing spirulina and chitosan nanoparticles diets improves the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters of the P. monodon and therefore improves their production.R).

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare) by different levels (control,0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% Origanum vulgare) in Oreochromis niloticus diets on Growth performanceparameters, histology and chemical analysis of sex reversed males of Nile tilapia O. niloticus. Ten concreteponds 3x7 x lm (2l m3 for each – semi intensive culture) were used in this study. The ten ponds represented 5treatments (with 2 replicates for each treatment), and each pond was stocked with lo fish / m3 (2l0 fish for each pond)with an initial weights average ranged between 4.90 and 5.02 ± 0.67gm for five treatments, respectively.Fingerlings were fed at a rate of 5% of the total fish mass until the end of experimental period (l6 weeks). All dietscontained 30% crude protein and about 360 Kcal/100 g digestible energy. fish fed these diets twice daily for sixdays a week. The duration of the experiment was l6 weeks. The results obtained from this experiments showedthat: -The highest rate of final body weight (FBW), daily weight gain (DWG), final body length (FBL), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), were recorded for the third treatment (0.10% Origanum vulgare). while, the first treatment (control) was recorded the lowest growth parameters (FBW, DWG, FBL, SGR and PER).The chemical composition for the whole fish, the second treatment was recorded the highest rate of protein% and the third treatment recorded the highest rate of fat% and the first treatment recorded the highest rate of ash%. As for the edible part of the fish, the second treatment was recorded the highest rate of protein and ash % and the third treatment recorded the highest rate of fat%. With regard for the Blood components, the fifth treatment had the highest rate of hemoglobin and creatinine and the third treatment was recorded the highest rate of red blood cells and the first treatment recorded the highest rate of liver functions and cholesterol. The second treatment recorded the highest rate of total protein and albumin.Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the use of 0.10% oregano extract was best for growth, liver function and chemical composition under semi-intensive culture.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of partial or complete replacement of the fish meal (FM) by cotton seed meal (CSM) in diets of Nile tilapia, Orcochromis niloticus, to reduce feed costs. Therefore, fiveexperimental diets contained 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% CSM as replacements of FM. The final body weight decreased with increasing the level of replacing FM by CSM. However, the replacement of 25% of FM by CSM had no significanteffect on the final BW, while the higher replacing levels (50, 75 or 100%) significantly (P