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Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is benign tumor of the oral cavity characterized by its slow growth accounting to 3%–7% of the odontogenic tumors. AOTs mostly occur in the maxillary anterior region and most often than not associated with impacted anterior teeth. It affects the younger age group, especially below 20 years and is commonly seen in females. It occurs as two main variants – (a) central/intraosseous which is more common and (b) peripheral which is rare. The location of the lesion, its association with the impacted tooth, is the basis for the classification of AOT. The intraosseous type may be related to unerupted tooth (follicular variant) or may not be related to unerupted tooth (extra-follicular variant). Radiologically, AOT presents predominantly as a unilocular cystic lesion enclosing the unerupted tooth. The lesion presents rarely with a cystic component. Radiopacities on the intraoral periapical radiograph are seen as discrete foci having a flocculent pattern within radiolucency even with the presence of minimal calcified deposits. AOT being benign in nature is enucleated with least chances of recurrence. Here, we present a rare case of extra-follicular variant of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a 19-year-old female patient.

Ameloblastoma is the most common clinically significant odontogenic tumor. Its relative frequency equals the combined frequency of all other tumors. Ameloblastoma is one of the most significant odontogenic tumors because of its incidence and clinical behavior. Unicystic ameloblastoma refers to those cystic lesions that show clinical, radiographical or gross features of a mandibular cyst, but on histological examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining of the cyst cavity, with or without luminal and/or mural tumor growth. We present a case of unicystic ameloblastoma in a 25-year male patient, with its management.

Splenic epidermoid cysts are rare non-parasitic true cysts affecting the spleen. We report a five-year-old child who presented with an abdominal lump associated with pain of 15 days. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a huge cystic lesion of obscure origin. At laprotomy a huge unilocular cyst involving upper part of spleen containing pultaceous fluid was seen and its removal necessitated splenectomy. Histopathological findings were consistent with splenic epidermoid cyst. Thus histopathology helped in elucidating the aetiology and diagnosis.

Biliary cystadenoma is a rare cystic neoplasms of liver that usually occurs in middle-aged women characterized by multiloculated cysts with internal septae and mural nodules. Unilocular biliary cystadenomas are rare and are difficult to differentiate from other cysts by radiology. Biliary cystadenomas are slow growing benign lesions that are easily resectable with a reported recurrence rate of 90% when the resection is incomplete. We present a case of 65-year-old male with unilocular biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma who presented with abdominal pain and distension. Laparotomy followed by cystectomy was done and postoperative period was uneventful with no abnormal biochemical, heamatological or imaging findings. Preoperative radio-imaging techniques may not always be helpful in arriving at a specific diagnosis in such cases. Hence thorough sampling and a careful histopathological examination is considered gold standard for specific diagnosis.

Summary Ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOT) are typical jawbone tumors. In addition, dentigerous cysts (DC) and radicular cysts are the most common cystic jawbone lesions, and simple bone cysts (SBC) are the most common jawbone pseudocysts. When these lesions are unilocular, it can be difficult to diagnose them by radiography. In recent years, adding magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to obtain information about soft tissue has been shown to improve the accuracy of jawbone lesion diagnosis. We also have reported MR imaging features of jawbone lesions. However, no systematic method for MR imaging diagnosis of jawbone lesions has been reported. In this review, we examine unilocular lesions such as ameloblastoma, KCOT, adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT), DC, and SBC. First, we describe the MR imaging features of each lesion. Then, we describe our novel MR imaging diagnostic protocol. Using our MR imaging diagnostic protocol to diagnose 31 cases, we obtained a positivity rate of 71.0%. The use of our MR imaging diagnostic protocol for unilocular lesions, which are especially difficult to differentiate by radiography, would improve the morphological and qualitative diagnosis of soft tissue lesions.

Unicystic ameloblastoma (UCA) is a clinical subtype of ameloblastoma that is considered prognostically different. The purpose of this report is to present a case of UCA showing dual radiographic pattern in a child. A detailed study of the lesion was carried out in an 8 year old female child who presented to our department of oral and maxillofacial pathology. Clinical, radiological and histopathological findings were recorded. In March 2005, a painless swelling in the left side of the mandible was noted, which on radiographic examination showed a unilocular radioluceny enclosing the crown of mandibular left permanent second molar, extending between the left first permanent molar and anterior margin of the ramus. Histopathologic diagnosis was UCA. The lesion was treated by enucleation. The patient returned with recurrence in 2009, at this time the lesion radiographically presented as a multilocular radiolucency with a soap bubble appearance, extending between the anterior border of the ramus and second premolar. Histopathologic diagnosis was UCA. The lesion was treated by segmental resection with immediate reconstruction. Although a number of treatment modalities are available to treat UCA, many factors need to be taken into consideration in the treatment of UCA in children.

Presentamos el caso de un carcinoma quístico unilocular de riñón y sus imágenes radiológicas. Los carcinomas quísticos de riñón representan un escaso porcentaje de las tumoraciones malignas renales (3-7%). La presencia de masas quísticas en el riñón puede plantear dificultad en su diagnóstico diferencial, como ocurrió en nuestro caso, especialmente las uniloculares.

Solitary bone cysts (SBCs) exist generally as asymptomatic solitary lesions and have no epithelial lining. They are uncommon in the jaws and are often polymorphic, show scalloped borders when located between the roots. They have higher predilection for the posterior mandible, mostly occurring near the mental foramen. Various pathomechanisms were proposed, but the triggering factor still remains to be ascertained. Currently, osteolytic pathogenesis is speculated, which may be due to vascular alteration leading to aseptic osseous necrosis. Fibro-osseous lesions are occasionally associated with SBCs, but concomitant presence with tooth agenesis has not been reported. We present a unique case of SBC with familial tooth agenesis in a 16-year-old female patient with a brief review.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) was first described by Hans Philipsen in 1956. The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated OKC as a Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT). KCOT is defined as ′a benign uni- or multicystic, intraosseous tumor of odontogenic origin, with a characteristic lining of parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with a potential for aggressive, infiltrative behavior′. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular, presenting a well-defined peripheral rim and a central cavity having satellite cysts. It is characterized by a thin fibrous capsule and a lining of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which is typically corrugated, usually about 6 to 10 cells in thickness, and generally without rete pegs. The present case report describes an unusual case of KCOT with minimal clinical presentation indicative of a tumor highlighting the potential difficulties in determining the diagnosis.

The calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst (CEOC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst, which was first categorized as a distinct entity by Gorlin in 1962. It is an unusual and unique lesion, which may show characteristics of both a solid neoplasm and a cyst. It usually occurs as an intra-osseous lesion but may occasionally occur as an extra-osseous or peripheral variant. It shows a nearly equal distribution between the maxilla and mandible and is commonly seen anterior to the first molar. The clinical and radiographic features of this lesion are not pathognomonic, and it is characterized by its histological diversity, with the most characteristic feature being the presence of a variable number of ghost cells within the epithelial component. Treatment is conservative with surgical enucleation, and recurrences are rare. This report describes a case of CEOC in association with an impacted mandibular first premolar, which was diagnosed in a 13-year-old female patient, along with a review of the literature.