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Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common and burdensome sleep disorders in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To evaluate common MS-related symptoms and consequences between groups with and without RLS and further assess the association of quality of life determinants with RLS symptom severity. Methods: According to their RLS status, 46 relapsing-remitting MS patients were divided into MS-RLS+ (n=19) and MS-RLS- groups (n=27). Specific questionnaires were administered to assess the patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue levels, sleep quality, daily sleepiness, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Functional capacity was examined using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results: The prevalence of RLS was 41.3%. Compared to the MS-RLS- group, those with RLS had higher EDSS scores, more cranial and spinal lesions, longer disease duration, and were older. In the MS-RLS+ group, symptom severity scores were positively correlated with higher anxiety and poorer sleep quality. The symptom severity score was negatively correlated with mental HRQoL and pain scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of the current study indicate the negative impact of RLS on functional capacity, anxiety, sleep quality, and mental HRQoL of MS patients. Further studies using more accurate diagnostic strategies for identifying RLS and other sleep disorders are necessary to clarify the association of MS with RLS and explore relevant clinical implications. RESUMEN Antecedentes: El síndrome de piernas inquietas (SPI) es uno de los trastornos del sueño más comunes y onerosos en el curso de la esclerosis múltiple (EM). Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los síntomas y las consecuencias comunes asociados con la EM entre los grupos con y sin SPI y evaluar aún más la asociación de los determinantes de la calidad de vida con la gravedad de los síntomas del SPI. Métodos: De acuerdo con su estado de SPI, 46 pacientes con EM recurrente-remitente se dividieron en los grupos EM-SPI+ (n=19) y EM-SPI- (n=27). Se utilizaron cuestionarios específicos para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), los niveles de fatiga, la calidad del sueño, la somnolencia diaria, la ansiedad y los síntomas de depresión de los pacientes. La capacidad funcional se examinó mediante la escala ampliada del estado de discapacidad (Expanded Disability Status Scale — EDSS). Resultados: La prevalencia de SPI fue del 41,3%. Em comparación com el grupo EM-SPI-, aquellos com SPI tenían púntuaciones más altas em la EDSS, más lesiones craneales y espinales, mayor duración de la enfermedad y eran mayores. Los puntajes de gravedad de los síntomas em el grupo EM-SPI+ se correlacionaron positivamente con una mayor ansiedad y una peor calidad del sueño. Se observaron correlaciones negativas entre la puntuación de gravedad de los síntomas y la CVRS mental y los puntajes de dolor. Conclusiones: En conclusión, el estudio actual indica el impacto negativo del SPI en la discapacidad funcional, la ansiedad, la calidad del sueño y la CVRS mental de los pacientes con EM. Se necesitan más estudios que utilicen estrategias de diagnóstico más precisas para identificar el SPI y otros trastornos del sueño para aclarar la asociación de la EM con el SPI y para explorar implicaciones clínicas relevantes.

Objectives: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the general population, and one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in the Sleep Units. Perampanel is an antiepileptic also effective on the structure of sleep, and in restless legs syndrome. We describe the first study that evaluates perampanel in patients with chronic insomnia. Patients and methods: Observational retrospective cohorts study of 66 patients with chronic resistant insomnia, 33 exposed to perampanel, other 33 as non-exposed group. All patients attended in Neurology or Psychiatry Consultation, from November 2017 to November 2018. Patients included had been treated with more than 4 different drugs in the previous 4 years. We reviewed age, sex, insomnia etiology, years of evolution, number of previously used drugs, and the results of perampanel for insomnia after 3 months of treatment in the exposed cohort, measured by the improvement of 3 or more points in the ISI and Pittsburgh scales, as well as the average of hours of sleep gained. Non-exposed patients were matched with this variables, but never treated with perampanel. Results: We have included 66 patients. In the exposed cohort: we describe 33 patients with chronic resistant insomnia, 20 women (60 %), 13 men (40 %). Average age 53.48 years, average time of evolution: 11.25 years. Main etiology: depression 13 cases (40 %). After the combination of perampanel 2–4 mg (100 %) with antidepressants (17 cases, 51.5 %) or anxiolytics (12 cases, 36.36 %) along 3 months: the total number of hours of sleep improves in 2.5 h, the scale ISI improves by 6 points (± 2.1 SD, p = 0.02), and Pittsburgh scale improves in 4 points (± 1.7, p = 0.04). In non-exposed cohort, the improvement of the ISI scale was 2.2 points (±0.8, p = 0.06), on the Pittsburgh scale was 1.6 points (± 0.5, p = 0.01). The main adverse effect was irritability in 3 patients, without withdrawal perampanel. The treatment was abandoned by 4 patients (12.12%): 1 due to persistent irritability (3%), 2 due to lack of efficacy (6 %), 1 due to pregnancy wish (3 %). Conclusion: The combination of Perampanel with an antidepressant, or an anxiolytic, improves the quality of sleep measured by ISI and Pittsburgh scales (statistically significant), probably due to its antagonistic action on glutamate. A clinical trial compared with placebo would be necessary to corroborate these results. Sin financiación 1.876 JCR (2020) Q3, 142/211 Surgery 0.587 SJR (2020) Q2, 1153/2447 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2020 UEM

Restless legs syndrome is a distressing condition, with negative effects on sleep and daytime activities that affect personal, family and occupational life. The overall impact of restless legs syndrome on quality of life is comparable to that of chronic and frustrating conditions such as depression and diabetes. Misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment may increase patients' suffering in terms of uncertainty, overuse or misuse of care services and lack of trust. Presenting a synthesis of the main topics in the literature on restless legs syndrome facilitates for a better understanding and its management in primary care settings. El síndrome de las piernas inquietas representa una condición dolorosa, con efectos negativos en las actividades del sueño y del día, influyendo la vida personal, familiar y profesional. El impacto global del síndrome de las piernas inquietas en la calidad de vida es comparable al de condiciones crónicas y frustrantes como la depresión y la diabetes. Un diagnóstico equivocado y un tratamiento poco adecuado pueden aumentar el sufrimiento del paciente en lo que se refiere a la incertidumbre, la utilización excesiva o no adecuada de los servicios de cuidado y la falta de confianza. El presentación de una síntesis de los tópicos principales de la bibliografía sobre este síndrome facilita su mejor entendimiento y tratamiento en el marco del cuidado médico primario.

Objective In idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) sleep disorders are common and may antedate the onset of parkinsonism. Based on the clinical similarities between IPD and Parkinson disease associated with LRRK2 gene mutations (LRRK2-PD), we aimed to characterize sleep in parkinsonian and nonmanifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers (NMC). Methods A comprehensive interview conducted by sleep specialists, validated sleep scales and questionnaires, and video-polysomnography followed by multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) assessed sleep in 18 LRRK2-PD (17 carrying G2019S and one R1441G mutations), 17 NMC (11 G2019S, three R1441G, three R1441C), 14 non-manifesting non-carriers (NMNC) and 19 unrelated IPD. Results Sleep complaints were frequent in LRRK2-PD patients; 78% reported poor sleep quality, 33% sleep onset insomnia, 56% sleep fragmentation and 39% early awakening. Sleep onset insomnia correlated with depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality. In LRRK2-PD, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was a complaint in 33% patients and short sleep latencies on the MSLT, which are indicative of objective EDS, were found in 71%. Sleep attacks occurred in three LRRK2-PD patients and a narcoleptic phenotype was not observed. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was diagnosed in three LRRK2-PD. EDS and RBD were always reported to start after the onset of parkinsonism in LRRK2-PD. In NMC, EDS was rarely reported and RBD was absent. When compared to IPD, sleep onset insomnia was more significantly frequent, EDS was similar, and RBD was less significantly frequent and less severe in LRRK2-PD. In NMC, RBD was not detected and sleep complaints were much less frequent than in LRRK2-PD. No differences were observed in sleep between NMC and NMNC. Conclusions Sleep complaints are frequent in LRRK2-PDand show a pattern that when compared to IPD is characterized by more frequent sleep onset insomnia, similar EDS and less prominent RBD. Unlike in IPD, RBD and EDS seem to be not markers of the prodromal stage of LRRK2-PD., This manuscript received support through the grant number 061130/31 from La Fundacio la Marato de TV3 to Eduard Tolosa. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.