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Most websites use interactive online forms as the main contact point between users and website owners (e.g. companies, governmental institutions, ect.). Therefore, a proper design of such forms is crucial to allow smooth information exchange. It can be decisive on the success or failure of an online transaction. Users mostly visit a website with an intention that is related to the content of that site (e.g. purchasing an article, gathering information). Hence, they do not visit a website with the intention or goal of filling in a web form. Let us illustrate this with an online shopping example: Once users have chosen the items that they wish to buy, they want to finish their shopping as quickly, easily and safely as possible. But to successfully complete the shopping process users have to provide some personal data such as shipping address or credit card information. In the users perception, an online form may be perceived as a hurdle. There is evidence that unusable web forms lead to customers aborting the transaction prematurely, resulting in loss of profit (Wroblewski, 2008). To prevent such dropouts from the buying process, a revision of the form is necessary. A successful redesign of a suboptimal online form may result in an increased completion rate in the range of 10%-40% (Wroblewski, 2008). For instance, the eBay User Experience and Design Group reported that a redesign of the eBay registration form made a significant contribution to eBay’s business and user success (Herman, 2004). The World Wide Web contains a wide range of different web form design solutions for similar interface aspects and problems. Exemplarily, Figure 1 shows four different ways of implementing and communicating format restrictions to users. It can be seen, that even website developers of major companies choose very different ways to solve the same problems. This raises several important questions: Are these solutions equivalent or are there ways that lead to superior web forms in terms of an enhanced usability? Would it not be advantageous to use similar solutions for similar problems, so that predictability for users can be increased? Are there different solutions that may be used depending on the developer’s intentions? In the last years a growing body of research and guidelines have been published on how to make online forms more usable. They answer to a certain extent the questions mentioned

Website development is becoming a growing concern for all organizations in this world. However the process and lifecycle involved in their development is still uncertain. The Web based system development usually involves more heterogeneous stakeholders as compared to traditional software’s development construction. The process models used for the development of websites stands borrowed from the traditional software development approaches. The process of website development involves several fields of web engineering and multimedia applications which require altogether a different skill set and development processes. The growth of web based system has been exponential. An estimated size of public web and deep web has reached to 40 billion pages and where the pages are assembled on the fly in response to the user requests touches between 400 and 750 billion pages, respectively. The web based system size is continuously expanding like the universe after the big bang. Many researchers and practitioners have noted the rapid growth of internet for commercial purposes since its birth in 1990’s. The web presence allows small companies to compete comparatively at par with large enterprises which increases keenness for every organization to develop a website. An increase in the amount of web development work, forces the designers/webmasters working in different website development houses to carry out work in a well planned and systematic manner. The concerned organizations and different web development houses must, however follow specific methodologies/standards/guidelines recommended by various organizations for advancement in present web development process models. The adoption of traditional methodologies of web development leads to the production of poorly designed web applications which show variable performance across different browsing platforms and have high probability failure rate. This propagates in the lack of confidence during web development and ultimately moves towards Web-Crisis. In order to avoid Web-Crises, there is a desperate need of designing and developing the newer process models that are especially concerned with website development. As such there is a need of disciplined approach towards the development of web-based systems. Researches also suggest that there is a non uniform approach in web based systems development. The authors suggest that a specialized model for web development needs to be designed and developed to satisfy the dynamic categories of the stakeholders present worldwide. This paper discussed about the various traditional software and web development models popularly used in developing web applications and their suitability and effectiveness is compared which leads to the development of a successful web based applications. Various reasons which differentiate the traditional software development from web system development have also been worked out. The presences of specific features recommended in proposed framework are also tested by available methodologies. Finally, an initial framework is proposed which caters to the need of specific web development process model.

Web engineering is a systematic approach to develop web applications, and numerous web engineering methods have been proposed. These methods were extended through defining new models by using different mechanisms to capture the web application concepts. Due to the complexity rising of web applications, the web engineering methods cannot provide web solutions anymore. Even though Interaction Flow Modeling Language (IFML) is recently proposed as a new method for developing web applications, it has limitations. Therefore these methods need to be improved. In this paper, we present the ability of IFML extensibility to support new concerns from web applications. Moreover, we extend IFML through UML mechanisms to support new concerns from the context to the user interface. The new IFML solves the lack of context web application through defining a new model and becomes a new direction to develop concerns modern web applications.

The maturation of the Web platform has given rise to sophisticated and demanding Web applications such as interactive 3D visualization, audio and video software, and games. With that, efficiency and security of code on the Web has become more important than ever. Yet JavaScript as the only built-in language of the Web is not well-equipped to meet these requirements, especially as a compilation target. Engineers from the four major browser vendors have risen to the challenge and collaboratively designed a portable low-level bytecode called WebAssembly. It offers compact representation, efficient validation and compilation, and safe low to no-overhead execution. Rather than committing to a specific programming model, WebAssembly is an abstraction over modern hardware, making it language-, hardware-, and platform-independent, with use cases beyond just the Web. WebAssembly has been designed with a formal semantics from the start. We describe the motivation, design and formal semantics of WebAssembly and provide some preliminary experience with implementations.

This research paper proposes experimental support to secure round trip engineering and use of security performance flexibility trusted operating systems for the designing of secure web applications. In this research paper, to address security concerns, we suggest use of trusted operating systems as a platform to run these web applications. For improving the performance of these web applications, we observe that all security checks in a trusted operating system are not necessary. As per our suggestion, various unnecessary security checks can be skipped by administrator, so that system performance of these web applications can improve. These unnecessary security checks, system calls and operations can be easily identified at the time of requirements elicitation. For example, as we know, the popular web servers deal with public information. The majority of this information is publicly readable and available to all users, but these users should not be able to alter this data. This research paper aims to support the efficiency of object-oriented class-based programming and object-oriented modeling in secure software development. The round trip engineering for the development of complex web applications, helps developers in code restructuring, identify probable bugs or deficiencies for probable improvements and helps from the analysis phase to the maintenance phase.

In the last few years, many security researchers proposed to endow the web platform with more rigorous foundations, thus allowing for a precise reasoning on web security issues. Given the complexity of the Web, however, research efforts in the area are scattered around many different topics and problems, and it is not easy to understand the import of formal methods on web security so far. In this survey we collect, classify and review existing proposals in the area of formal methods for web security, spanning many different topics: JavaScript security, browser security, web application security, and web protocol analysis. Based on the existing literature, we discuss recommendations for researchers working in the area to ensure their proposals have the right ingredients to be amenable for a large scale adoption.

Rapid web technology improvements in the last few years have powered software developers to quickly write responsive mobile-friendly applications. The innovative web frameworks and libraries make it easy to have same software code base for desktop and mobile devices. Single-page applications offer a more-native-app-like experience to the user. This also means a web application can easily be converted to a native mobile application if desired. This allows software products to be evolved continuously at a much faster pace with features added on daily basis. The software companies who can adopt these technologies will most likely see the benefit in the long run as they can offer new and modified products faster than their competitors. In this paper, we review some of the state-of-the-art web technologies, third-party libraries, and frameworks for quick interactive web development. Finally, we present a simple interactive browser-based, mobile friendly web application which was developed using one of the latest web development framework.

Service-oriented architecture has greatly influenced web-based development. However, the dream of system integration and automatic service discovery has only been partially fulfilled. Discovery within poorly defined web services has raised several concerns about the visionary promise of service-oriented computing, most notably in terms of the ability to understand and assemble application functionality from loosely coupled services. Well-developed Web Service interfaces enable service consumers to choose and bind to valid and well-understood web service interfaces. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach that allows the utilization of a large number of currently published web services that lack proper descriptions and that therefore are not considered during the traditional search and discovery process. The author develops a new metric for web service clarity to enhance quality control during the registration and operation phases. The results prove that using the proposed approach, the discovery process can be significantly enhanced.

During the last decade, software engineering community has witnessed the emerging of SOA architecture, where Web services play a crucial role. It prompts the concept of Web Service Composition (WSC). Even though interesting, this issue posed some remarkable challenges, one of which is constraint handling. To be more precise, one needs to ensure that the composite Web service fulfills, at the same time, many constraints, including functional constraints, Quality of Service (QoS), and the execution order of the component services, or temporal relations. Those constraints are of different natures, thus finding an efficient verification on all kinds of constraints during the composition process is by no means a trivial task. Backed by a solid foundation of temporal logic, model checking (MC) is a suitable approach to handle this issue. However, MC-based approach suffers from the infamous problem of state-space explosion, making it limited when applied to real-life situations. The work in this paper addresses the problem by proposing various approaches for handling the state-space exploration, including (i) an introduction of an LTS-based model known as LTS4WS, which can avoid generating full schema of Web service composition and allow on-the-fly verification on the state space; (ii) heuristics strategies to find the best potential composition, and (iii) a bitwise-based indexing mechanism for fast location of suitable Web services. All of those approaches are unified in a single tool, known as WSCOVER. As a result, a significant improvement of performance has been made, especially as compared with the other existing works in the same field.

Due to growing user demand, web application development is becoming increasingly complicated. Multiple programming languages along with the complex multi-tier architecture commonly involved in web application development contribute to the probability of programming mistakes. Such mistakes may cause serious security vulnerabilities, which can then be exploited by malicious users. Current classifications include a wide variety of web application vulnerabilities, such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting and File Inclusion. Various different protections exist against attacks associated with these vulnerabilities making it difficult to apply a single universal solution. This paper takes an alternative view of the core root of the vulnerabilities. Based on the discovered common traits, a unified extensible context-based model of web applications is proposed. A concept of context is introduced and different attacks are reformulated in terms of context boundary violation. The proposed model can be used to implement a more universal web application protection suitable against different types of attacks. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

The present digital technology innovation happens by replicating the existing distributed Web assets and extending to incorporate new features. It’s a chain of events happened over and over on the web which leads to an act of sharing or publishing digital content on the web. These web assets incorporates digital type of datasets, code, messages, Process and Media however there is no formal way of sharing instruments took after to make advanced curios on the Web. Which are provable, one of a kind and unique. These deficiencies have a genuine negative effect on the capacity to replicate the outcomes, which in turn vigorously affects technology where reproducibility is vital. To take care of this issue, this paper presents believable Universal Resource Indicators contains encrypted notations which demonstrates how believable Universal Resource Indicatorsutilized to check the digital content. We exhibit how the substance of these records get to be one of a kind, including conditions to outer computerized artifacts and in this way the importance of provability for whole reference chain. Assessment of this reference executions demonstrates that all these outline objectives are accomplished by our methodology including huge documents. Our implementation holds good for the all levels in the Web, for example, transparent and fragmented engineering, which is completely good for present conventional models.

In recent years, the concepts of usability, user experience, and user-centricity have gained in interest. Digital applications, developed in line with criteria related to these approaches, ask for a deeper understanding of users and their requirements. But, even though there is a wide range of methods available, the creation of user-centric applications with good usability and user experience still poses great challenges for developers. This is also true for web maps, i.e. web map applications, which today are ubiquitous on the Internet. They have evolved into an important information and communication tool and address users who do not possess any specific knowledge of Geoinformatics (GI) or Cartography. Despite the efforts made to meet the requirements and preferences of laymen, these users still often face problems when dealing with web map applications. This refers to aspects of design, content, and functionality. Here, participatory design, which is well-known in the field of Software and Web Engineer...

This paper considers current trends in creating systems for convenient and secure remote submission (by authorized users) of jobs to computing resources of different types, including supercomputers, clusters, cloud resources, storages, databases, and grid infrastructures. Presently, large computing and storage resources are capable of solving, on their own, the majority of practical problems in the field of science and technology. Therefore, the focus in developing next-generation middleware shifts from global grid systems towards creating convenient and efficient means of access to large individual resources. A web platform for remote access to computing resources is a set of special web services and application-oriented web interfaces. Such web platforms, on a centralized basis, provide users with a number of services interrelated by a specific application area, principle of access, and interface. In this paper, general principles of creating such platforms are considered and some particular implementations of web platforms are briefly described.

Because of the advancement of Web technologies and the inconsistency of Web standards to be consistent with every single technology evolution, Web developers are been faced with certain challenges. It become difficult for them to keep track of their applications that are been correctly rendered across wide range of browsers and platforms. To find out cross-browser inconsistency, developers keep checking that every document produced by the application is appropriately passed across all useful browser-platform combinations. But this requires more time and results are error-prone. The existing cross-browser compatibility testing tools speed up this process by automating the rendering of a Web document in multiple browsers and platforms, and using either image analysis or Document Object Model (DOM) analysis to feature out cross-browser inconsistency. This paper comprises the problem of cross-browser inconsistent testing of the modern web applications as a functional accuracy check of web application’s behaviour with various web browsers and present a solution for it. Also, reasons of cross-browser inconsistency issues and solutions to them are been presented in the paper.

Massive increase in usage of World Wide Web makes it affective in every domain of life. Billions of people from different corners of world use internet for diverse purposes on daily bases. Quality acts as important key factor for web applications. Various methodologies have been proposed and many techniques have been deployed but, quality still lags behind. Our study in- focuses a detailed survey based on methodologies, metrics and architecture that are used in modeling of web application. We carried out analysis and comparisons between techniques and evaluate major quality characteristics. Study at conclusion illustrates that beside functional requirements, non-functional requirements are also essential and acts as backbone for quality in web based applications.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to define Web 3.0 and discuss the underlying technologies, identify new opportunities and highlight potential challenges that are associated with the evolution to Web 3.0 technologies. Design/methodology/approach A non-empirical study reviewing papers published in accredited research journals, articles and whitepapers and websites was conducted. To add scientific rigour to a literature review, a four-stage approach, as suggested by Sylvester et al. (2011), was used. Findings The World Wide Web (henceforth referred to as the Web) is recognised as the fastest growing publication medium of all time. To stay competitive, it is crucial to stay up to date with technological trends. The Web matures in its own unique way. From the static informative characteristics of Web 1.0, it progressed into the interactive experience Web 2.0 provides. The next phase of Web evolution, Web 3.0, is already in progress. Web 3.0 entails an integrated Web experience where the machine will be able to understand and catalogue data in a manner similar to humans. This will facilitate a world wide data warehouse where any format of data can be shared and understood by any device over any network. The evolution of the Web will bring forth new opportunities and challenges. Opportunities identified can mainly be characterised as the autonomous integration of data and services which increase the pre-existing capabilities of Web services, as well as the creation of new functionalities. The challenges mainly concern unauthorised access and manipulation of data, autonomous initiation of actions and the development of harmful scripts and languages. Practical implications The findings will assist data managers to identify future opportunities while considering negative impacts and understanding the underlying technologies associated with the structure and storage of electronic information. The research will assist anyone in the data and information management industry to identify opportunities and mitigate risk. Originality/value Many organisations were caught off guard by the evolution of the Web to Web 2.0. Organisations, and in particular anyone in the data and information management industry, need to be ready and acquire knowledge about the opportunities and challenges arising from Web 3.0 technologies.

As web applications are a type of software for providing web services, its development and operation essentially depend on a software development life cycle (SDLC). However, because it is difficult to ensure the safety in web applications by outsourcing that evade the management based on SDLC, there is a high possibility of using it as a path of cyber attacks. Thus, in this study a web application acquisition procedure for outsourcing that can provide safe web services by strengthening security and makes possible to efficiently manage software by outsourcing from the plan for web applications by outsourcing to its disposal is proposed. The proposed method extends a procedure on security viewpoint that web applications by outsourcing and simply tests whether or not there exists a possibility of hacking in a security perspective. Also, it shows an advantage of providing more safe web services through preparing new threats in web applications without exposing internal service system structures.

Cloud computing has many advantages and is being used increasingly as an efficient and safe solution for web based services. This on-demnd self-service provides network access to a shared pooi of redundant computing resources. Software applications are being developed in the cloud and there are demands for the interoperability of these applications. A common way to meet this demand is the development of Web services (applications), taking advantage of Service-oriented architecture principles. These loosely coupled Web base components pose some security challenges. This paper examines Security as a Service (SECaaS) solutions, as well to propose a new approach to security management in the cloud.

Enterprises of all ends are trying to integrate and manage the data within a single sign on system. With the drastic increase in the usage of internet in the last decade, it has been observed that more and more use of web services throughout the industry. Data today is stored in various forms and structure in different OS, mainframes etc, the optimum way of managing this data and the most efficient way to access and retrieve this data is the need of the hour. This is where the versatility of web services comes into picture which enables enterprises and consumers to integrate numerous diversified platforms together to satisfy the essential requirements. This explores a dire need of a cost effective and efficient system that can integrate various cross platform applications to work together in a systematic environment. The aim of this research paper is to design and implement an organized system to demonstrate the data flow, architecture and the techniques used to integrate an ERP system with web applications. This is done by using a SOAP web service which integrates ASP.NET, Java and Database applications. Microsoft .NET as a platform for developing enterprise software is emerging for integration with SAP Enterprise. Interest in Web services is rapidly increased from their inception. To exchange information among various applications in a standard way is the main goal of web services. This communication between the applications is based on SOAP and REST principle. Web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machineto-machine interaction over a network. Currently, it has been emphasized quality and security of web services. Therefore, in this paper, the authors highlighted some standard trends such as SOAP, WSDL, UDDI for web services and the security policies to protect user information. This system is in Visual Studio 2010 development environment, using c# programming language, ASP.NET, ADO.NET and SQL Server database to jointly develop a B/S structure of ERP system.

Software engineering has entered into the Internet era where software and applications reflect the nature of the web. This is where web engineering comes in. The process of developing applications to work over the Internet is quite different to developing a normal software application due to the more challenging in considering the unique characteristics of the web. Hence, a suitable development process for developing Internet applications is required that adapting the traditional software development process. In this paper, the general six stages of Internet application development process which has been derived from an extensive literature review is taken to the case study to seek for suitability of the development process for use across a wide range of web engineering consulting. The case study has resulted in changing from the general six-stage to the comprehensive four-stage development process for the development of Internet applications. With this novel comprehensive development process, it is believed that it can really reduce the development costs and time leading to faster delivery of Internet applications. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This chapter describes the overview of Web 2.0 technologies; Web 2.0 applications in learning and education; Web 2.0 applications in academic libraries; Web 2.0 applications in Knowledge Management (KM); the perspectives of Health Information Technology (health IT); the multifaceted applications of health IT; IT and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); and the significance of health IT in the health care industry. Web 2.0 is the platform of the network which spans all connected services so that users can utilize them more efficiently. Web 2.0 technologies have various benefits by enhancing the opportunities for business collaboration and by sharing knowledge through online communities of practice toward gaining improved organizational performance. Health IT includes utilizing technology to electronically store, protect, retrieve, and transfer the information in modern health care. Health IT has great potential to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care services in the health care industry.

Purpose This paper introduces web components, one of the most exciting and potentially transformative of the technologies that comprise HTML5. Web components provide a standardised method of creating and sharing custom HTML elements. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a viewpoint. Findings The paper proposes that the web development curriculum in library and information science (LIS) graduate programs needs to expand to cover this important topic. Originality/value Despite the potentially seismic impact of web components on Web development, up until this point, there has not been a discussion of this technology within the LIS literature.

The advances in virtual engineering brought about the creation of models of physical systems. This has been enhanced by the use of relevant standards and web technologies to develop interfaces for monitoring and controlling industrial systems at the shop floor or remotely over the internet. However, owing to the open nature of the internet as well as vulnerabilities associated with internet-based technologies, it becomes imperative to put in place security measures. This will allow to mitigate this particularly as it concerns the management, control, and monitoring of entities making use of the interface. The first step is to ensure an efficient user access control for web-based solutions. This article proposes an approach for developing an access control layer to web applications. In addition, a web-based application, i.e., the FASTory simulator, is used as the test-bed for implementing this approach. acceptedVersion

In the field of Web Engineering, there are several methods proposed for the development of Web-based information systems (WISs). FrameWeb is a method that aims to develop WISs that use certain types of frameworks in their architecture, proposing models that incorporate concepts of these frameworks during system design. The method's modeling language is based on Model-Driven Development techniques, making it extensible to support different frameworks and development platforms. In this paper, we present a code generation tool for FrameWeb which harnesses the method's extensibility by being based on its language's meta-models. The tool works with an associated visual editor for FrameWeb models and showed promising results in initial evaluation efforts.

Web development shows itself in the e-learning environment. Developments in the e-learning environment are expected to provide high motivation, cooperative and more constructive experiences for students. In terms of being able to provide convenience in technological harmonization process which is in need of professionalism, programming skills are also included in today's needs. E-learning environments offer alternatives for students to develop programming skills more effectively in a shorter time. In this study, the main features of Web versions are mentioned and emphasis is given to other Web versions of Web 3.0. It has been attempted to specify how the concepts related to Web 3.0, such as metadata, large data, connected data, cloud computing, internet of objects, personal assistants, 3D applications, etc. can contribute to programming education. The contributions of Web 3.0's developments to e-learning environments and how to improve the programming skills of students have been exough the example of programming education.

Requirements Analysis is the most important phase in Software development. It is a known fact now that if this phase is carried out properly the cost and effort of the project can be greatly reduced. Web applications are very important in today’s times. Effectively, every organization and even individual has a web application to represent itself. The Web applications have grown from just information providers to full-fledged legacy systems with complex processes. There are various methods of web application development, but hardly any method focuses on detailed requirements analysis that is required owing to the criticality of web applications. Goal oriented requirements engineering techniques have proven to be very effective in requirements analysis. Application of goal driven methodologies for web specific requirements can improve the quality of web applications besides saving cost and effort required in the project. The special characteristics of GORE techniques like analysis of softgoals and interdependencies between various requirements help in elimination of conflicts at early stages of web application development. GORE techniques also facilitate evaluation of goal models that helps in choosing amongst the design alternatives and checking completeness of the requirements model leading to Software Requirements Specification. The implementation of web specific goal driven framework is shown in the paper and validated through a usability survey.

This paper presents the methods and outcomes of a typological analysis of Web 2.0 technologies. A comprehensive review incorporating over 2000 links led to identification of over 200 Web 2.0 technologies that were suitable for learning and teaching purposes. The typological analysis involved development of relevant Web 2.0 dimensions, grouping cases according to observed regularities and construction of types based on meaningful relationships. Characterisation of the constructed types incorporated descriptions based on attributes, examples of representative instances and typical pedagogical use cases. The analysis resulted in a typology of 37 types of Web 2.0 technologies that were arranged into 14 clusters. Results of this study imply that educators typically have a narrow conception of Web 2.0 technologies and there is a wide array of Web 2.0 tools and approaches yet to be fully harnessed by learning designers and educational researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web 2.0 phenomenon, REST services and growing mobile service consumption, among other factors, are leading the development of web applications to a new paradigm, named cross-device web application. Those web sites let organizations of all sizes provide a pervasive and contextual access to their information and services, to customers, employees and partners via potentially any kind of device. Most organizations often possess legacy systems that should face an ongoing evolution process to enhance its accessibility and interoperability. Yesterday they had to evolve to provide the user with a Web layer, and now they should evolve again to adapt to the new ways of data and services consumption on the Web. In such scenario, REST services play a key role, defining the interaction layer between the legacy system and all its heterogeneous front ends. This work presents a model-driven approach to derive a REST service layer from a legacy web application within the frame defined by a modernization process. This approach departs from a conceptual model of the legacy application generated by reverse engineering techniques. In this work we detail the generation process and provide a sample implementation instrumenting one of the studied web development frameworks to evaluate the suitability of the approach.

Water resources web applications or "web apps" are growing in popularity as a means to overcome many of the challenges associated with hydrologic simulations in decision-making. Water resources web apps fall outside of the capabilities of standard web development software, because of their spatial data components. These spatial data needs can be addressed using a combination of existing free and open source software (FOSS) for geographic information systems (FOSS4G) and FOSS for web development. However, the abundance of FOSS projects that are available can be overwhelming to new developers. In an effort to understand the web of FOSS features and capabilities, we reviewed many of the state-of-the-art FOSS software projects in the context of those that have been used to develop water resources web apps published in the peer-reviewed literature in the last decade (2004-2014). Free and open source software can be used to address the needs of water resources web applications.The large number of open source projects can be overwhelming to novice developers.We present a review of the free and open source GIS and web development software.Software reviewed includes those projects used to develop 45 water resources and earth science web applications.The review highlights 11 FOSS4G software projects and 9 FOSS projects for web development.

Choosing the Web framework that best fits the requirements is not an easy task for developers. Several frameworks now exist to develop Web applications, such as Struts, JSF, Ruby on Rails, Grails, CakePHP, Django, and Catalyst. However, Lift is a relatively new framework that emerged in 2007 for the Scala programming language and which promises a great number of advantages and additional features. Companies such as Siemens© and IBM®, as well as social networks such as Twitter® and Foursquare®, have now begun to develop their applications by using Scala and Lift. Best practices are activities, technical or important issues identified by users in a specific context, and which have rendered excellent service and are expected to achieve similar results in similar situations. Each framework has its own best practices whose aim is to facilitate the development of Web applications. However, there is no current comparative analysis that identifies the best practices for Web frameworks. Thus, as its salient contribution, this paper identifies a set of best practices for Web frameworks. Afterwards, these best practices were analyzed and discussed in terms of developing Lift-based Web applications. The identification of these best practices would allow developers to construct more interactive and efficient Lift-based Web applications, integrating features of Web 2.0 technologies with less effort and exploiting the frameworks' benefits. In addition, this paper contains a comparative analysis with Web frameworks such as JSF, Struts, CakePHP, Ruby on Rails, Lift, Django, and Catalyst. Finally, as proof of concept, a set of Lift-based Web applications were developed for this paper by applying best practices such as actors, lazy loading, Comet support, SiteMap, Wiring, HyperText Markup Language, version 5 (HTML5) support, and parallel rendering.

Graphical abstractThis paper tries to answer the following question by identifying Agile practices and adapting them for being integrated into a coherent framework "Is it possible to define an Agile approach to estimate, plan and manage Web projects guided by business value". The paper includes the results obtained from a real experience dealing with applying the proposed framework. To finish, it states relevant conclusion.Display Omitted We propose a framework for Agile Web projects.Our framework focuses on estimation, planning, and management activities.We recommend an approach guided by business value.Our approach includes continuous improvement along the project.We present our first empirical experience of this framework.We take out a set of first conclusions in order to extent the model. ContextThe processes of estimating, planning and managing are crucial for software development projects, since the results must be related to several business strategies. The broad expansion of the Internet and the global and interconnected economy make Web development projects be often characterized by expressions like delivering as soon as possible, reducing time to market and adapting to undefined requirements. In this kind of environment, traditional methodologies based on predictive techniques sometimes do not offer very satisfactory results. The rise of Agile methodologies and practices has provided some useful tools that, combined with Web Engineering techniques, can help to establish a framework to estimate, manage and plan Web development projects. ObjectiveThis paper presents a proposal for estimating, planning and managing Web projects, by combining some existing Agile techniques with Web Engineering principles, presenting them as an unified framework which uses the business value to guide the delivery of features. MethodThe proposal is analyzed by means of a case study, including a real-life project, in order to obtain relevant conclusions. ResultsThe results achieved after using the framework in a development project are presented, including interesting results on project planning and estimation, as well as on team productivity throughout the project. ConclusionIt is concluded that the framework can be useful in order to better manage Web-based projects, through a continuous value-based estimation and management process.

Just as Internet connectivity has enabled intuitive information sharing and interaction through the Web, so the Internet of Things might be the basis for the Web of Things, enabling equally simple interaction among devices, systems, users, and applications.

Web applications are among the most popular and relevant kinds of application. Most Web applications are developed using a content management framework CMF. CMF helps to accelerate the publication of large amounts of information and the development of Web applications. However, developing Web applications through CMF is not exempt from cost and time overruns, as in traditional software projects. Currently, there is no estimation model able to adequately measure the effort of developing a Web application.

The current pace of technological innovation in web mapping offers new opportunities and creates new challenges for web cartographers. The continual development of new technological solutions produces a fundamental tension: the more flexible and expansive web mapping options become, the more difficult it is to maintain fluency in the teaching and application of these technologies. We addressed this tension by completing a three-stage, empirical process for understanding how best to learn and implement contemporary web mapping technologies. To narrow our investigation, we focused upon education at the university level, rather than a professional production environment, and upon open-source client-side web mapping technologies, rather than complementary server-side or cloud-based technologies. The process comprised three studies: (1) a competitive analysis study of contemporary web mapping technologies, (2) a needs-assessment survey of web map designers/developers regarding past experiences with these technologies, and (3) a diary study charting the implementation of a subset of potentially viable technologies, as identified through the first two studies. The process successfully achieved the practical goal of identifying a candidate set of web mapping technologies for teaching web mapping, and also revealed broader insights into web map design and education generally as well as ways to cope with evolving web mapping technologies.

In recent years, web security has been viewed in the context of securing the web application layer from attacks by unauthorized users. The vulnerabilities existing in the web application layer have been attributed either to using an inappropriate software development model to guide the development process, or the use of a software development model that does not consider security as a key factor. Therefore, this systematic literature review is conducted to investigate the various security vulnerabilities used to secure the web application layer, the security approaches or techniques used in the process, the stages in the software development in which the approaches or techniques are emphasized, and the tools and mechanisms used to detect vulnerabilities. The study extracted 519 publications from respectable scientific sources, i.e. the IEEE Computer Society, ACM Digital Library, Science Direct, Springer Link. After detailed review process, only 56 key primary studies were considered for this review based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the review, it appears that no one software is referred to as a standard or preferred software product for web application development. In our SLR, we have performed a deep analysis on web application security vulnerabilities detection methods which help us to identify the scope of SLR for comprehensively investigation in the future research. Further in this SLR considering OWASP Top 10 web application vulnerabilities discovered in 2012, we will attempt to categories the accessible vulnerabilities. OWASP is major source to construct and validate web security processes and standards.

Design and development of a Web map application as part of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a complex activity because of specific areas and stakeholders that are involved in this process. The quality aspect of the requirement definition process is important for application functionality. The complexity of web applications has increased in the last few years and web map applications have made great progress from simple map portrayal to complex applications with a large number of functions. Enterprise modelling (EM) can be used for a multitude of different purposes, like visualization of the current situation, analysis of the reasons for shortcomings or problems, development of strategies for business or IT, optimization of processes, or establishment of new cooperation with other enterprises, as well adapted to the versatile purpose in the design of an information system. The aim of this paper is to discuss opportunities and a new approach supported by enterprise models for designing web map applications. The outcomes of this paper are: (1) taxonomy of a web map application and support of enterprise modelling for functionality analysis; (2) extension of EM to specify requirements for web map application; (3) description of practical applications of the findings.

Web Engineering is a systematic approach for the development of web applications. In this area navigation model is defined as an important model in all the hypermedia and web engineering methods. Also homepage is one of the most important pages on the websites, because it is considered to be the key element that demonstrates the quality of websites. The web engineering methods still have weaknesses that are difficult for designers to design homepage's content perfectly. In this paper we compare navigation model between UML-Based Web Engineering (UWE) and Web Modeling Language (WebML). The purpose of this paper is to find a quality in these methods for the homepage's development, through designing navigation model in UWE and WebML, and comparing the elements of the navigation model. The result of this paper helps the designers to develop the homepages in order to solve of the weakness's navigation model.

A best practice is a technique or an important aspect that helps to develop Web applications more efficiently. Best practices on Web frameworks reduce the development time and effort, saving money, increasing the quality of code, enabling to create friendly and interactive applications. This paper is focused on identifying and providing according to the experiences and requirements of the users, the best practices for Web development by using Grails and Django Web frameworks. With these b est practices, developers can develop more interactive and efficient Web ap- plications, integrating features of Web 2.0 technologies with less effort as well as exploiting the framework benefits. As proof of concept we have developed a set of Web applications by using best practices as HTML5, Comet support, AJAX, ORM, extensibility, among others.

the last few years, the discovery of World Wide Web (WWW) has grown very much. Today, WWW applications are routinely utilized in security critical environments, like e- commerce, medical, financial, and military systems etc. WWW systems are an organization of infrastructure elements, like web databases and servers, and application-specific code, such as HTML scripts and CGI programs etc. While the core elements are usually developed by knowledgeable programmers with valid security skills this ensuing vulnerable web-based applications and accessible to the complete web, creating easily- abusing access points for the conciliation of entire networks. During this paper, we survey the current approaches to internet vulnerability analysis and that we propose a classification along two characterizing: detection and prevention model and study these methods. Furthermore we describe the foremost regular attacks in contrast to web-based applications and explore the effectiveness of sure analysis techniques in characteristic specific categories of flaws.

The present business world is facing challenges in accessing their fragmented data to create an accurate and consistent view of their core information assets across the enterprise to drive business decisions and operations. To deliver timely, trustworthy and holistic information to various stakeholders, the enterprise has to employ promising data integration architecture. The Web Services approach based on service oriented architecture provides business agility through loose coupling and reusability of data assets. It enables applications and business processes to access relevant data consistently and accurately whenever it is needed no matter wherever and in whichever form it resides. This paper implements SOAP based web services to integrate data between a web portal and an ERP system. The Performance Testing is also conducted to study the behavior of web services under varying loads.

Semantic Web applications offer the benefit of providing reusable machine understandable content in the form of an ontology. Machine understandability is one of the most important aspects that differentiate Semantic Web based applications from traditional software. Hence, there is a need to adapt several features of the Software Engineering paradigm to Semantic Web based application development in order to make development and delivery of the latter, more efficient. In this paper, a rigorous review of the state of the art in this area has been presented. The existing works on Software Engineering processes for Semantic Web application development, on the process for reengineering web applications to Semantic Web applications, and on the quality assessment of Semantic Web applications have been reviewed with discussion on the brief process, tools used, contribution, limitations, and some other features of each work. In addition to identified research gaps in these directions, some observations have...

Service-oriented computing (SOC) represents a paradigm for building distributed computing applications over the Internet. In the past decade, Web services composition has been an active area of research and development endeavors for application integration and interoperation. Although Web services composition has been heavily investigated, several issues related to dependability, ubiquity, personalization, among others, still need to be addressed, especially giving the recent rise of several new computing paradigms such as Cloud computing, social computing, and Web of Things. This article overviews the life cycle of Web services composition and surveys the main standards, research prototypes, and platforms. These standards, research prototypes, and platforms are assessed using a set of assessment criteria identified in the article. The paper also outlines several research opportunities and challenges for Web services composition.

In World Wide Web (www) software engineering is playing an inevitable role. Implementation of regular software engineering models seems a little redundant on any Web Based Applications. The objective of the research is to implement component based software development for Web Based Applications to perform different services. Therefore, the theme of the research work would be on component selection in web engineering. For any web application security component plays a vital role for secured transaction. There are really huge numbers of web service components available in repositories called Content Management Systems (CMS) and the popular site is www.joomla.com. The methodology applied here is to choose the best software component to the web applications and hence implemented Fuzzy ranking and Rough sets. For the past one and half decades this is the first time Rough sets applied in software component selections. The research work concludes the best selection among the software components that give long mileage to the web applications for their vibrant needs and requirements in the day today practice.

Web application developers are not all experts. Even if they use methods such as UWE (UML web engineering) and CASE tools, they are not always able to make good decisions regarding the content of the web application, the navigation schema, and/or the presentation of information. Literature provides them with many guidelines for these tasks. However this knowledge is disseminated in many sources and not structured. In this paper, we perform a knowledge capitalization of all these guidelines. The contribution is threefold: (i) we propose a meta-model allowing a rich representation of these guidelines, (ii) we propose a grammar enabling the description of existing guidelines, (iii) based on this grammar, we developed a guideline management tool. Future research will consist in enriching the UWE method with this knowledge base leading to a quality based approach. Thus, our tool enriches existing UWE-based Computer Aided Software Engineering prototypes with ad hoc guidance.

3D Web is a potential platform for publishing and distributing 3D visualizations that have proven useful in enabling the participation of the general public in urban planning. However, technical requirements imposed by detailed and rich real-world plans and related functionalities are demanding for 3D web technologies. In this paper we explore the maturity of modern 3D web technologies in participatory urban planning through two real-world case studies. Applications built on Unity-based platform are published on the web to allow the general public to create, browse and comment on urban plans. The virtual models of seven urban development sites of different visual styles are optimized in terms of download sizes and memory use to be feasible on browsers used by the general public. We report qualitative feedback from users and present a technical analysis of the applications in terms of download sizes, runtime performance and memory use. We summarize the findings of the case studies into an assessment of the general feasibility of modern 3D web technologies in web-based urban planning.

Software evolution is a well-established research topic, but not in the web applications area. Web projects are normally more complex than other software development projects because they have both server and client code, encompass a variety of programming languages, and are multidisciplinary. We aim to produce a catalog of web smells to help mitigating quality problems in web apps implementation, thus saving time and reducing cost. By means of longitudinal studies, we plan to analyze the impact of these web smells in web apps maintainability and reliability. This paper describes several particularities of the proposed research work, as well as introduce procedures and techniques to be used.

Developing technologies and meeting the demands and needs of a wide range of different users had rather important influence on design of user interfaces of web applications. In such a dynamic context, storytelling in web interfaces design represents a new approach which aims to realize a more attractive interfaces that also ensure and encourage the participation of the users themselves. This paper examines the pros and cons of such an approach as well as its effectiveness and impact on the development of interfaces designed for a good user experience. Developed theoretical aspects are applied on design and implementation of selected web application, whose usability as well as user experience was tested with future users by applying relevant methodology. Keywords: web design, user interfaces, storytelling, usability, user experience

An ever growing interest and wide adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) and Web technologies are unleashing a true potential of designing a broad range of high-quality consumer applications. Smart cities, smart buildings, and e-health are among various application domains which are currently benefiting and will continue to benefit from IoT and Web technologies in a foreseeable future. Similarly, semantic technologies have proven their effectiveness in various domains and a few among multiple challenges which semantic Web technologies are addressing are to (i) mitigate heterogeneity by providing semantic inter-operability, (ii) facilitate easy integration of data application, (iii) deduce and extract new knowledge to build applications providing smart solutions, and (iv) facilitate inter-operability among various data processes including representation, management and storage of data. In this tutorial, our focus will be on the combination of Web technologies, Semantic Web, and IoT technologies and we will present to our audience that how a merger of these technologies is leading towards an evolution from IoT to Web of Things (WoT) to Semantic Web of Things. This tutorial will introduce the basics of Internet of Things, Web of Things and Semantic Web and will demonstrate tools and techniques designed to enable the rapid development of semantics-based Web of Things applications. One key aspect of this tutorial is to familiarize its audience with the open source tools designed by different semantic Web, IoT and WoT based projects and provide the audience a rich hands-on experience to use these tools and build smart applications with minimal efforts. Thus, reducing the learning curve to its maximum. We will showcase real-world use case scenarios which are designed using semantically-enabled WoT frameworks (e.g. CityPulse, FIESTA-IoT and M3).