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Ovaries play a vital role in the female reproductive system as they are responsible for the production of egg or ovum required during the fertilization. The female ovaries very often get affected with cyst. An enlarged ovarian cyst can lead to torsion, infertility and even cancer. Therefore, it is very important to diagnose it as soon as possible. For the diagnosis of an ovarian cyst, ultrasound test is conducted. We collected the sample ultrasound images of ovaries of different women and detected whether ovarian cyst is present or not. The proposed work employs the traditional VGG-16 model fine-tuned with our very own dataset of ultrasound images. A VGG-16 model is a 16-layer deep learning neural network trained on ImageNet dataset. Fine-tuning is done by modifying the last four layers of VGG-16 network. Our model is able to determine whether the ultrasound images shows ovarian cyst or not. An accuracy of 92.11% is obtained. The accuracy and loss curves are also plotted for the proposed model.

What happens when a BLUE-protocol is performed or when any ultrasound test is done on a critically ill patient?

Noninvasive tests used to evaluate the stroke-prone patient need to be studied by rigorous methods. Clinicians need reliable data to avoid confusion over the wide reported ranges of diagnostic test performance, ranging from poor to perfect. Published studies of large groups of patients who are representative of the patients in whom the tests will ultimately be used are needed in order for physicians to adopt rigorous diagnostic algorithms effectively. Such algorithms reduce the undesirable clinical consequences of false-positive and false-negative test errors, and the expense of identifying diseases that cause stroke, such as intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. This review focuses on the methodology used to evaluate the performance of transcranial Doppler, an ultrasound test used to identify intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

Two rare cases of intragonadal epidermoid inclusion cysts are described. Their etiology remains controversial and a possible hypothesis is monodermal abortive teratomas, with no mesodermal and endodermal components. As the ultrasound test results were inconclusive, it became difficult to rule out the possibility of neoplasm. Therefore, patients were submitted to radical therapy. The definitive diagnosis for both cases was provided by the anatomopathological examination. Trata-se de dois casos raros de cistos de inclusão epidérmica intragonadais, cuja etiologia permanece controversa, sendo uma hipótese a de teratomas monodérmicos abortivos, sem componentes mesodérmicos e endodérmicos. Devido a resultados inespecíficos dos exames ultrassonográficos, torna-se difícil afastar a possibilidade de neoplasia e o tratamento padrão permanece sendo, portanto, a terapia radical. O diagnóstico definitivo, em ambos os casos, foi firmado pelo exame anatomopatológico.

Routine quality control of ultrasound scanners and transducers is important for maintaining image quality. Our experience suggests that artefact and uniformity evaluation is the most effective single phantom test for detecting equipment problems. Current methods for assessing ultrasound images for artefacts have important limitations. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a novel, low-cost, liquid phantom with a flexible surface for assessing artefacts. A range of materials were evaluated and the optimal liquid phantom was found to be a water/cornstarch solution contained within a flexible latex balloon. When compared to a rigid tissue-mimicking phantom no deficiencies in overall image appearance or artefact detection for any transducer model was observed for the liquid phantom. With minimal training, reproducible clips were obtained by clinical sonographers with low inter- and intra-operator dependence, for a range of transducers models. The flexible scanning surface of the liquid phantom allows complete rapid coupling of all transducers. Due to its ease of use and low cost this liquid phantom appears superior to rigid phantoms for assessment of non-uniformity artefacts, and should allow clinical practices to perform routine artefact assessments of all ultrasound scanners and transducers.

The paper is devoted to the role of fundamental physical achievements in advanced technologies of control and monitoring used in modern medicine. It contains the analysis of diagnostic methods based on physical phenomena: X-ray examination, nuclear medicine, ultrasound test, the method of electronic paramagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray- and positron-emission computer tomography, endoscopy, thermography, luminescent analysis, electrocardiography, biomagnetism etc. Also reviewed are methods of control based on the use of fiber optics, laser mass-spectroscopy and special microscopy.

We tested the hypotheses that: (1) the superstimulatory response is related to the intrinsic number of follicles recruited into a follicular wave; and (2) the number of follicles recruited into a wave is correlated to the number of follicles recruited into the successive wave. A positive correlation will form the basis of a test for predicting the superstimulatory response. Cows (n = 141) were treated with estradiol and progesterone to synchronize follicular wave emergence (first synchronization) and ranked according to the number of folliclesor =2mm at wave emergence to select the upper and lower 10% of the herd. Follicular wave emergence was synchronized again in the high-end (n = 16) and low-end (n = 20) groups (second synchronization), and cows were treated with FSH twice daily for 3 days. High-end cows had a greater number of follicles (P0.001) than low-end cows at the time of wave emergence after both the first and second synchronizations in the 2-3 and 4-6mm categories. The numbers of 2-3 and 4-6mm follicles at wave emergence after the first and second synchronizations were positively correlated (P0.001; r = 0.77 and 0.71, respectively). Endogenous FSH peak at the time of wave emergence was higher in the low-end group than in the high-end group. Superstimulatory treatment resulted in more than double the number of follicles (P0.003) in the 5-7mm andor =8mm categories in the high-end group than in the low-end group (16.8 +/- 2.2 versus 8.1 +/- 0.9 and 22.7 +/- 4.1 versus 9.7 +/- 1.6, respectively). The number of folliclesor =5 andor =8mm at the end of superstimulation was positively correlated (P0.001) with the total number of folliclesor =2mm at the time of wave emergence after both the first (r = 0.64 and 0.54, respectively) and second ( r = 0.65 and 0.5, respectively) synchronizations. Based on the results of this study, the superstimulatory response can be predicted by the number of folliclesor =2mm at wave emergence. For practical purposes, practitioners can expect the number of folliclesor =5mm after ovarian superstimulation to be approximately 71% of the number of folliclesor =2mm at the time of wave emergence. Results validated the proposed simple ultrasound-based test for predicting the superstimulatory response of individual cows.

Accurate, reliable, noninvasive vascular diagnostic laboratory tests are fundamental in evaluating patients with suspected carotid artery disease. After the initial evaluation, including a complete history and physical examination, the skilled clinician can accurately diagnose symptomatic carotid or vertebral artery disease. However, physical examination for carotid artery disease is limited primarily to listening for bruits over the carotid bifurcation and subclavian areas, palpating internal and external carotid pulses, and evaluating the patient for unequal radial pulses or brachial blood pressures. Thus, a noninvasive ultrasound test is generally the next diagnostic step in patients with suspected disease.

Diagnostic ultrasound was used in 103 patients with a clinically suspected fracture of the scaphoid bone in order to achieve an early diagnosis. There were 48 women and 55 men aged 10–75 years (mean 31.4 years) tested with ultrasound. Of the patients, 72 were tested within 3 days after injury the remainder between 4 and 42 days. Fracture was confirmed radiologically in 27. We found that the ultrasound test, applied with a frequency of 1 MHz and intensity of 0.5 W/cm2 and2.0 W/cm2 for 30s, had a sensitivity of 37 per cent and a specificity of 61 per cent. We thus conclude that ultrasound is not suitable for early diagnosis of scaphoid fracture.

This paper aims to describe the macroscopic aspects of disease and radiological findings related to spina bifida in a newborn cat. A female cat was seen in labor at a veterinary clinic in Teresina-PI. By performing the ultrasound test it was possible detect the presence of three fetuses aged approximately 62 days and decreased heart rate. The patient underwent surgery immediately to cesarean section with ovariohysterectomy. One of the newborn cat showed changes consistent with spina bifida. The owner opted for the newborn cat euthanasia because is not known effective treatment for the case. There are insufficient researchs on the embryonic development aimed at prevention and treatment of these anomalies. These studies are necessary to ensure a good prognosis for patients.

A recent survey on ultrasound tissue equivalent test objects carried out by the Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine clearly shows these objects to have limited useful lifetimes with deterioration setting in within 1 year of purchase.

The paper describes the details of an ultrasound test for carpal tunnel syndrome and compares the results of this with E.M.G. studies in a series of 19 patients. The equipment used was a standard therapeutic ultrasound unit and the tests were performed by a physiotherapist. The results were encouraging, with a 90% correlation with E.M.G. results.