1. POSTERIOR SEGMENT INJURIES IN OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM AND OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM
- Author
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Eric D. Weichel, Denise S. Ryan, Katherine M. Baker, Marcus H. Colyer, Derek P Brady, James K. Aden, Grant A. Justin, Aaron M Wold, and Samuel D. Hobbs
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Proliferative vitreoretinopathy ,Visual acuity ,Adolescent ,genetic structures ,Visual Acuity ,Wounds, Nonpenetrating ,Lower risk ,Young Adult ,Blast Injuries ,medicine ,Humans ,Military Medicine ,Iraq War, 2003-2011 ,Macular hole ,Retrospective Studies ,Trauma Severity Indices ,business.industry ,Retinal detachment ,Posterior Eye Segment ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Eye Injuries, Penetrating ,eye diseases ,Surgery ,Posterior segment of eyeball ,Ophthalmology ,Military Personnel ,Vitreous hemorrhage ,War-Related Injuries ,Female ,sense organs ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To characterize the nature of posterior segment ocular injuries in combat trauma. METHODS Eyes in the Walter Reed Ocular Trauma Database were evaluated for the presence of posterior segment injury. Final visual outcomes in open-globe versus closed-globe injuries and by zone of injury and the types of posterior segment injuries in open-globe versus closed-globe injuries were assessed. RESULTS Four hundred fifty-two of 890 eyes (50.8%) had at least one posterior segment injury. The mechanism of injury was most commonly an improvised explosive device in 280 (62.0%) eyes. Sixty-one patients (13.5%) had a Zone I injury, 50 (11.1%) a Zone II injury, and 341 (75.4%) a Zone III injury. Patients with Zone I injuries were more likely to have a final visual acuity of 20/200 or better compared with patients with either a Zone II (P < 0.001) or Zone III injury (P = 0.007). Eyes with a closed-globe injury were more likely to have a final visual acuity of 20/200 or better compared with those with an open-globe injury (P < 0.001). Furthermore, closed-globe injury compared with open-globe injury had a lower risk of vitreous hemorrhage (odds ratio 0.32, P < 0.001), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (odds ratio 0.14, P < 0.001), and retinal detachment (odds ratio 0.18, P < 0.001) but a higher risk of chorioretinal rupture (odds ratio 2.82, P < 0.001) and macular hole (odds ratio 3.46, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Patients with combat ophthalmic trauma had similar posterior segment injury patterns to civilian trauma in open-globe versus closed-globe injuries. Zone II and III injuries were associated with a worse visual prognosis.
- Published
- 2021