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Introduction: Measuring diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) facilitates the diagnosis, classification and monitoring of various lung diseases, and may also be used for safety signal detection in clinical drug development. However, other factors such as exercise, supine position, and diurnal variations may affect the gas transfer and impact the DLCO measurements. Aim: To measure DLCO in healthy subjects receiving a novel inhaled drug or placebo. Methods: In a Phase I, single ascending dose study, DLCO was measured at baseline (Day -1) and at follow up (Day 6) after inhalation the novel drug or placebo, cohort 1-6. For practical reasons, the DLCO measurements were performed at 11 am on Day -1 and at 9 am on Day 6. After Cohort 2, standardization of the assessments was introduced and the assessments were done at the same time of the day. Further adjustments were made from Cohort 4 ensuring the same timeframe between DLCO assessments and preceding meal. Results: Changes in DLCO from baseline to follow per cohort are presented in Table 1. A decline in DLCO was noted for all subjects in Cohort 1 and 2 including placebo. After standardization of timing of the assessment less variability was seen, some subjects had an increase while other had a decrease. No changes were observed in subjects’ spirometry measurements. Conclusions: When measuring DLCO in clinical studies, the procedures should be standardized with regards to time of the day and in relation to timing of factors such as diet and physical activity.

Purpose We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of EMD 525797 (DI17E6), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting αv-integrins, in healthy subjects. Methods In this first-in-human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Phase 1 study, healthy male volunteers were consecutively assigned to 6 ascending single-dose cohorts of 35, 100, 250, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg. Per dose cohort, EMD 525797 or placebo was administered over 1 h as an intravenous 250-mL infusion to 6 and 3 volunteers, respectively. Escalation to the next dose level was based on evaluation of safety, tolerability, and PK data. Results Fifty-five subjects (aged 18–45 years) were randomized. Twenty-seven of 37 (73 %) subjects receiving EMD 525797 reported a total of 61 adverse events (AEs), including 38 events (in 17 subjects) considered by the investigator to be treatment related. A total of 35 AEs were reported by 14 of 18 (78 %) placebo-treated subjects. The most commonly occurring AEs were gastrointestinal disorders, abnormal laboratory values, and increased or decreased biochemistry and/or hematology values, as well as headaches, which occurred at a slightly higher frequency in the EMD 525797 group compared with placebo. There were no serious AEs or deaths. EMD 525797 PK appeared to be dose dependent, especially at lower doses. Conclusion Ascending single doses of EMD 525797 were shown to be safe and well tolerated. No safety concerns were identified. This study supports the ongoing investigation of EMD 525797.

Adipokines are fat-derived hormones and cytokines with immune-modulating and metabolic properties. Most of them are associated with insulin resistance. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate circulating levels of adipokines and glucose homeostasis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to evaluate possible associations with the course and characteristics of the disease.Serum leptin, resistin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein-4, adiponectin, glucose, insulin, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in 93 patients with inactive IBD (49 with Crohn's disease [CD], 44 with ulcerative colitis [UC]), 35 patients with active IBD (18 with CD, 17 with UC), and 37 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Ninety-two patients were followed for 6 mo.Leptin was similar in patients with IBD and controls, whereas resistin and visfatin were increased in patients with active disease but not in those in remission. In active and inactive disease, adiponectin was decreased (P0.001) and retinol-binding protein-4 was increased (P0.001) compared with controls. About 60% of patients with IBD showed increased levels of insulin, whereas serum glucose remained normal, resulting in increased homeostasis model assessment values in most patients. Hyperinsulinemia was associated with the decrease in adiponectin (r = -0.572, P0.001) and proved to be an independent protective factor for 6-mo maintenance of remission (P = 0.016).IBD led to largely similar alterations in circulating adipokines and hyperinsulinemia in patients with CD and those with UC. The unexpected protective effect of hyperinsulinemia on relapse rate denotes the role of the metabolic-inflammatory response as a modulator in IBD.

Summary Background & aims Data regarding the nutritional status, antioxidant compounds and plasma fatty acid (FA) composition in inactive IBD are conflicting. We compared plasma levels of antioxidants and FA of patients with inactive IBD with active IBD and controls. Methods Plasma levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, inflammatory markers and nutritional status were determined after an overnight fast in 132 patients with quiescent IBD (40.6 ± 13.2 years, 87F/45M), 35 patients with active disease (37.9 ± 12.1 years, 25F/10M) and 45 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls (38.1 ± 10.5 years, 39F/6M). Results are expressed as mean ± SD or median [25th percentile;75th percentile]. Results Body mass index (BMI) was normal in inactive (23.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2), active IBD (22.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2) and controls (22.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2). Compared with controls patients with quiescent IBD showed significantly decreased plasma levels of carotenoids (1.85 [1.37;2.56] vs 1.39 [0.88;1.87] μmol/L) and vitamin C (62.3 [48.7;75.0] vs 51.0 [36.4;77.6] μmol/L), increased levels of saturated FA (3879 [3380;4420] vs 3410 [3142;3989] μmol/L) and monounsaturated FA (2578 [2258;3089] vs 2044 [1836;2434] μmol/L) and similar levels of vitamin E and polyunsaturated FA. Results in active disease were similar to inactive disease. Conclusion This study shows that antioxidant status and FA profile in a larger population of IBD patients are disturbed independently from disease activity and despite normal overall nutritional status.

Objective This prospective, controlled, and multicentric study evaluated nutritional status, body composition, muscle strength, and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission. In addition, possible effects of gender, malnutrition, inflammation, and previous prednisolone therapy were investigated. Methods Nutritional status (subjective global assessment [SGA], body mass index, albumin, trace elements), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometry), handgrip strength, and quality of life were assessed in 94 patients with Crohn's disease (CD; 61 female and 33 male, Crohn's Disease Activity Index 71 ± 47), 50 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; 33 female and 17 male, Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index 3.1 ± 1.5), and 61 healthy control subjects (41 female and 20 male) from centers in Berlin, Vienna, and Bari. For further analysis of body composition, 47 well-nourished patients with inflammatory bowel disease were pair-matched by body mass index, sex, and age to healthy controls. Data are presented as median (25th–75th percentile). Results Most patients with inflammatory bowel disease (74%) were well nourished according to the SGA, body mass index, and serum albumin. However, body composition analysis demonstrated a decrease in body cell mass (BCM) in patients with CD (23.1 kg, 20.8–28.7, P = 0.021) and UC (22.6 kg, 21.0–28.0, P = 0.041) compared with controls (25.0 kg, 22.0–32.5). Handgrip strength correlated with BCM ( r = 0.703, P = 0.001) and was decreased in patients with CD (32.8 kg, 26.0–41.1, P = 0.005) and UC (31.0 kg, 27.3–37.8, P = 0.001) compared with controls (36.0 kg, 31.0–52.0). The alterations were seen even in patients classified as well nourished. BCM was lower in patients with moderately increased serum C-reactive protein levels compared with patients with normal levels. Conclusion In CD and UC, selected micronutrient deficits and loss of BCM and muscle strength are frequent in remission and cannot be detected by standard malnutrition screening.