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Complete blood count, serum chemistry values, and biological reference intervals were compared between two age groups (34–49 and 84–120 days old) of healthy male and female laboratory raised natal multimammate mice ( Mastomys natalensis). Blood was collected via cardiocentesis under isoflurane anesthesia. Data sets of machine automated complete blood counts and clinical chemistries were analyzed. Significant differences between sex and age groups of the data sets were defined. The baseline hematologic and serum biochemistry values described here can improve interpretation of laboratory research using natal multimammate mice.

Background: Alcohol (EtOH) intoxication is common among trauma patients. While providers are familiar with the clinical aspects of acute EtOH intoxication, few studies have investigated the effects that EtOH levels may have on common laboratory markers. The aim of this study was to identify hematologic and serum chemistry parameters that may be affected by the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), hypothesizing that BAC influences both comprehensive blood count (CBC) and comprehensive serum chemistry (CSC) components. Methods: We performed an IRB-exempt institutional registry review of all trauma patients who had serum EtOH levels measured between January 2009 and June 2015. Data for each patient included: patient demographics, BAC determinations (g/dL), injury mechanism/severity information (ISS), hematologic parameters included in a CBC (hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell [WBC] count, and platelet count), and CSC panel components (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], creatinine, glucose, and hepatic function tests). Laboratory markers were contrasted across predefined categories of BAC: 20%. Statistical comparisons were performed using SPSS 18 Software, employing analysis-of-covariance with adjustments performed for the patient demographics and injury characteristics. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.005. Results: A total of 2167 patient records were analyzed. After adjusting for patient age, gender, and ISS, increasing BAC correlated with 4.8% increase in hemoglobin and 32.5% higher hematocrit (both P < 0.001), as well as a 27.8% decrease in WBC count. There were also statistically significant differences between low (0.20%) BAC groups across multiple CSC parameters, with largest impact on BUN (32.2% decrease); creatinine (31.5% decrease); and glucose (13.6% decrease) values. Elevated BAC (>0.20 g/dL) was also associated with 81.8% increase in total bilirubin, and hepatic transaminases were elevated among patients with BAC >0.10. Conclusion: Due to the paucity of literature relating to the effects of BAC on serum hematologic and biochemical markers in acute trauma, this study provides a foundation for further exploration of these relationships and their clinical impact. More specifically, we found that BAC levels significantly influenced key laboratory markers, suggesting that acute EtOH intoxication may lead to hematologic and CSC changes that are potentially important in acute trauma management by frontline clinical staff.

One hundred and thirty five 18weeks old Bovans Nera Black strain pullets were used in a 10week study to determine their heat balance and blood profile under varying stocking density in locally fabricated metal-type cage system. The cages were stocked 2, 3 and 4birds/cell. Daily ambient temperature and relative humidity of the cage and rectal temperature of the birds were taken and heat balance calculated. Record of Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood count (WBC) and differential of the birds were taken at beginning and end of the study for the haematological indices while blood glucose, total protein, Albumin and blood urea were taken for the bio-chemical measurements. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, and heat balance showed no significant (P>0.05) difference with cage stocking density. Cage stocking density had significant (P0.05) influenced by stocking density of the cage type. Bio-chemical measurements were not significantly (P>0.05) different among layers under varying stocking density of the cage except total protein (P

Objective This research compared whole blood and serum analyses from cattle with and without liver abscesses to quantify differences associated with the presence and severity of liver abscesses in fed beef steers. Materials and Methods Blood samples for complete blood count and sera were collected from fed Holsteins (n = 153; 51 samples from cattle with no, minor, and major abscesses) approximately 30 s after exsanguination; liver abscesses were visually assessed after evisceration. Data were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA and logistic regression procedures; carcass was the experimental unit. Results and Discussion Of the complete-blood-count variables analyzed, platelet counts were increased (P = 0.02) and hemoglobin and hematocrit values (P Implications and Applications These results indicate that cattle with major liver abscesses undergo physiologic differentiation, which can be detected in whole blood and serum. This baseline research improves our understanding of the systemic influences of liver abscesses. Identifying blood parameter outcomes associated with liver abscesses antemortem may allow future useful implications for cattle welfare and feedlot management.

The increase search for easily available and cheaper alternative sources of proteins to meet up the increase protein demand necessitated the present study which was design to assess the effects of graded levels of jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) seed inclusion in the diets of weaners rats. Twenty-five weaner rats were allocated into five groups of formulated diet consisting of treatment 1 - 5 in which soya bean was replaced with Ziziphus mauritiana seed at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively for 3 weeks. Effects of the diets on lipid profile, haematology and serum chemistry were evaluated. Rats fed 25%, 50% and 100% Z. mauritiana had significantly higher feed intake and weight gain when compared with the normal control. All levels of inclusion tested increases the concentrations of serum total proteins and bilirubin but decreases the cholesterol and platelet counts when compared with the control. No diet related alterations were recorded for the relative organ’s ratio, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, albumins, urea, creatinine, sodium, chloride, high- and low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride and hematological indices analyzed. However, seed inclusion only at 100% significantly (pZiziphus mauritiana seed possess good dietary protein quality for optimal growth of rats and does not elicit any adverse effect on haematological and serum biochemical indices of organs integrity.

OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and blood measured by a point-of-care glucometer (POCG) and serum glucose concentration measured by an automated biochemical analyzer (ABA; gold standard). SAMPLE 152 canine and 111 feline blood samples. PROCEDURES For each sample, the glucose concentration in serum, plasma, and blood was measured by a POCG and compared with the ABA-measured glucose concentration by means of the Lin concordance correlation coefficient. Results were summarized by species for all samples and subsets of samples with hyperglycemia (ABA-measured glucose concentration > 112 mg/dL for dogs and > 168 mg/dL for cats) and pronounced hyperglycemia (ABA-measured glucose concentration > 250 mg/dL for both species). The effect of PCV on correlations between POCG and ABA measurements was also assessed. RESULTS Hyperglycemia and pronounced hyperglycemia were identified in 69 and 36 canine samples and 44 and 29 feline samples, respectively. The POCG-measured glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and blood were strongly and positively correlated with the gold standard concentration. The PCV was positively associated with the correlation between the POCG-measured blood glucose concentration and the gold standard concentration but was not associated with the correlations between the POCG-measured glucose concentrations in serum and plasma and the gold standard concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that POCG-measured glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and blood were strongly correlated with the ABA-measured serum glucose concentration, even in hyperglycemic samples. Given the time and labor required to harvest serum or plasma from blood samples, we concluded that blood was the preferred sample type for use with this POCG.

Background and Aim: Determining reference values for hematological and biochemical parameters of Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) is important for wildlife research to protect human health in surrounding communities. This study aimed to establish the reference values for selected hematology and serum clinical chemistry analyses that may contribute to research on shrew in future. Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=51) were collected from shrews between July and December 2015, Bangladesh, to estimate the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, calcium, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), urea, glucose, total protein (TP), creatinine, and alanine transaminase (ALT). Results: Although the values did not differ significantly among sexes, age was found to be a significant factor. Hb, PCV, TEC, glucose, and P were higher in males; eosinophil, Na, Cl, TP, and ALT were higher among females. Adults had significantly greater urea and glucose (p

Gentamicin is known to have concentration-dependent bactericidal activity, and its nephrotoxic effect is well described. We developed a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to optimize gentamicin dosing in pediatrics. Data were retrospectively collected for pediatric patients 1 month to 12 years of age, admitted to general pediatric wards or intensive care units and received gentamicin for suspected or proven Gram-negative infections at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 306 gentamicin peak and trough concentrations sets from 107 patients were analyzed with mean (±standard deviation) patient age and weight of 4.5 ± 3.5 years and 16.7 ± 10.8 kg, respectively. Gentamicin pharmacokinetics were adequately described with a one compartment system (R = 0.82, bias = 1.75% and precision = 88% for population predictions and R = 0.94, bias = 5% and precision = 29% for individual predictions). The gentamicin pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: volume of distribution = 8.9 L, total body clearance = 2.8 L/h for a 20-kg patient. Monte Carlo simulations showed that doses of 5-6 mg/kg/dose once daily are adequate only to treat infections with Gram-negative organisms having minimal inhibitory concentration less than 1 µg/mL. While, at minimal inhibitory concentration of 1 µg/mL, higher doses (7-8 mg/kg/dose once daily) are needed to maximize the efficacy of gentamicin. However, at minimal inhibitory concentration of 2 µg/mL, even a 10 mg/kg dose showed poor target attainment (52%). The finding of this study highlights the need to reevaluate the current breakpoints of gentamicin and also to assess the safety of higher doses of gentamicin in pediatrics.

The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is listed as vulnerable, with wild populations threatened by habitat loss and poaching. Clinical pathology is used to detect and monitor disease and injury, however existing reference interval (RI) studies for this species have been performed with outdated analytical methods, small sample sizes or using only managed animals. The aim of this study was to generate hematology and clinical chemistry RIs, using samples from the free-ranging elephant population in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Hematology RIs were derived from EDTA whole blood samples automatically analyzed (n = 23); manual PCV measured from 48 samples; and differential cell count results (n = 51) were included. Clinical chemistry RIs were generated from the results of automated analyzers on stored serum samples (n = 50). Reference intervals were generated according to American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines with a strict exclusion of outliers. Hematology RIs were: PCV 34–49%, RBC 2.80–3.96 × 1012/L, HGB 116–163 g/L, MCV 112–134 fL, MCH 35.5–45.2 pg, MCHC 314–364 g/L, PLT 182–386 × 109/L, WBC 7.5–15.2 × 109/L, segmented heterophils 1.5–4.0 × 109/L, band heterophils 0.0–0.2 × 109/L, total monocytes 3.6–7.6 × 109/L (means for “regular” were 35.2%, bilobed 8.6%, round 3.9% of total leukocytes), lymphocytes 1.1–5.5 × 109/L, eosinophils 0.0–0.9 × 109/L, basophils 0.0–0.1 × 109/L. Clinical chemistry RIs were: albumin 41–55 g/L, ALP 30–122 U/L, AST 9–34 U/L, calcium 2.56–3.02 mmol/L, CK 85–322 U/L, GGT 7–16 U/L, globulin 30–59 g/L, magnesium 1.15–1.70 mmol/L, phosphorus 1.28–2.31 mmol/L, total protein 77–109 g/L, urea 1.2–4.6 mmol/L. Reference intervals were narrower than those reported in other studies. These RI will be helpful in the future management of injured or diseased elephants in national parks and zoological settings.

Laboratory-controlled physiological data for the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) are scarce, despite this species being a known reservoir and vector for zoonotic viruses, including the highly pathogenic Lassa virus, as well as other arenaviruses and many species of bacteria. For this reason, M. natalensis is an important rodent for the study of host-virus interactions within laboratory settings. Herein, we provide basic blood parameters for age- and sex-distributed animals in regards to blood counts, cell phenotypes and serum chemistry of a specific-pathogen-monitored M.natalensis breeding colony, to facilitate scientific insight into this important and widespread rodent species.

Background Health assessment of seals in captivity include haematology and serum biochemistry measurements. Because such parameters differ between species, it is crucial to have species-specific reference values for the interpretation of clinical samples. Furthermore, differences in nutrition and environment, life cycles as well as seasonal/annual cycles and varying physiological conditions can potentially affect serum chemistry and haematology parameters. Blood samples from four captive adult bearded seals (initially caught as pups in Svalbard, Norway, now held at Polaria, an Arctic experience centre in Tromsø, Norway) collected over a 16-month period were analysed for haematology (n = 22) and serum chemistry (n = 25) parameters. Serum chemistry analyses were also conducted on blood samples from 74 wild bearded seals (1995–2007) collected from Svalbard, Norway. Results We found higher activity of creatine kinase (CK) and higher concentrations of cortisol in the wild animals when compared to the captive seals, probably reflecting the physical restraint and concomitant stress induced during sampling. For the captive bearded seals, we did not find marked differences in haematology or serum chemistry parameters throughout the different seasons of sampling. Conclusions This study presents haematology and serum chemistry reference values for captive and wild bearded seals. Comparing physiological parameters for captive seals with wild seals indicated that having wild-caught bearded seals under the conditions offered at Polaria for several years did not markedly affect physiological parameters of the animals, and that training may have helped to alleviate stress associated with blood sampling and veterinary inspection.

Background. To report an atypical case of a transient choroidal mass lesion with spontaneous resolution. Case Presentation. A solitary choroidal mass with an overlying neurosensory retinal detachment was seen in an otherwise healthy 31-year-old female. General physical examinations and serum chemistry were unremarkable. The patient had spontaneous resolution two weeks after initial examination without treatment. Conclusions. Inflammatory choroidal masses may be self-limited, but complete diagnostic measures must always be performed in these patients to distinguish between important causes such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and tumors.

Otobius megnini has been associated with certain clinical conditions in horses in both California and Mexico. A number of cases similar to those described previously have been identified by the author in South Africa. This case report summarises these cases to demonstrate that the clinical condition occurs readily in South Africa and may be increasing in occurrence. The disease has minimal coverage in the literature making it more likely that a veterinarian, unfamiliar with the disease, will miss the diagnosis. The author would like to make veterinarians aware of this as a potential differential diagnosis. This study is a retrospective review of clinical data. Clinical records of patients with similar clinical signs and treatment were reviewed and grouped together as relevant cases for this case report. Ten cases of O. megnini associated neuromuscular dysfunction are reported, suggesting a link between the occurrence of the tick and the clinical condition. Clinical signs include third eyelid prolapse, localised muscle fasciculations, elevated heart rate and limb stamping. Serum chemistry changes commonly show increased aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase enzymes activities. The occurrence of the ticks within South Africa and the increasing number of cases presented demonstrate the need for more investigation into the pathophysiology of this condition.

Onosma echioides is a perennial herb widely used for the treatment of various ailments such as sciatica, gout, and rheumatism. This study focused on toxicological assessment of bark extract of O. e...

Pigs are the only livestock species encoding functional proteins for both the second form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-II) and its receptor (GnRHR-II), which are uniquely expressed in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. To examine the physiological role of the GnRH-II/GnRHR-II system, we produced a swine line with reduced endogenous levels of GnRHR-II (GnRHR-II KD); males exhibit 70% diminished testicular GnRHR-II mRNA levels and 82% reduced circulating testosterone concentrations. Given that testosterone impacts metabolism, blood was collected from GnRHR-II KD (n = 5) and littermate control (n = 5) boars via indwelling jugular catheters, with serum isolated and subjected to veterinary diagnostic panels for metabolic analyte examination (PhysLab, Lincoln, NE). Statistical analyses utilized the MIXED procedure of SAS; the model included line as fixed and litter as random effects. Creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen (BUN):creatinine ratios were elevated, creatinine was reduced (P < 0.01), and thyroxine tended to be decreased (P < 0.10) in GnRHR-II KD compared with control boars. Glucose, BUN, amylase, and lipase levels were not different. Liver products differed in transgenic versus control boars; levels of lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST; ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were higher, whereas AST:ALT ratios, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were lower (P < 0.05) in GnRHR-II KD boars. Albumin:globulin ratios and bilirubin (total and direct) did not differ. Additionally, serum cholesterol was decreased (P < 0.05), non-high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low density lipoproteins (LDLs) tended to be decreased (P < 0.10), and triglycerides, HDLs, and cholesterol:HDL ratios did not differ between GnRHR-II KD and control males. These data suggest metabolic disruption in GnRHR-II KD boars, which may be due to suppressed gonadal steroidogenesis or ubiquitous knockdown of GnRHR-II expression. Supported by USDA/NIFA AFRI (2017-67015-26508) and Hatch Multistate (NEB-26–244) funds. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with repeat blood testing after establishment of normal metabolic parameters and factors associated with reversal of metabolic correction back an uncorrected form in preoperative management of infants with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HSP). Methods A retrospective review of infants with HSP undergoing repeat serum chemistries after already having normal labs were identified. Variables associated with repeating normal bloodwork and reversion of normal to abnormal labs were identified. Associations between reversion to abnormal and ordering of repeat labs were determined. Results 255 cases were studied with a median of 2 lab tests drawn per patient (range 1–9). Of 142 serum chemistry tests repeated after a normal test, 27% became abnormal, most commonly hyperkalemia. 61% of these went to surgery. No variables were associated with a normal test becoming abnormal. However, a time lapse of >12h was associated with the reordering of bloodwork despite it already being normal. Conclusions There is little evidence to support need for repeat serum chemistry testing in cases of HPS once normality has been established. Development of clinical pathways to reduce the use of unnecessary serum testing may improve efficiency of patient care and limit unnecessary resource utilization. Level of evidence Retrospective Case control: 3b.

Avaliou-se o consumo de alimento, o desempenho animal, a eficiencia alimentar, e o metabolismo proteico e energetico de cordeiros alimentados com racoes contendo niveis crescentes de ureia (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5% da materia seca - MS). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (niveis de inclusao de ureia) e seis repeticoes por tratamento. Os cordeiros foram alimentados a vontade por 56 dias ate atingirem peso corporal (PC) medio de 35 kg. As racoes foram compostas por 34% de feno de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) e 66% de concentrado, com 17% de proteina bruta (PB) e 65% de nutrientes digestiveis totais (NDT), em media, com base na materia seca (MS). O consumo de materia seca (CMS) e de proteina bruta (CPB) nao foram influenciados pelos niveis de inclusao de ureia na racao, apresentando valores medios de 1,175 e 0,206 kg animal-1 dia-1. O ganho medio diario (GMD), a conversao alimentar (CA) e a eficiencia alimentar bruta (EAB) tambem nao foram influenciados pelos niveis de inclusao de ureia e apresentaram valores medios de 0,225 kg dia-1, 5,33 kg de MS kg de ganho-1 e 0,195 kg de ganho kg de MS-1. Com excecao da ureia e da glicose, os metabolitos sanguineos nao foram influenciados pelos niveis de inclusao de ureia na racao. Os valores medios para as concentracoes sericas de proteinas totais, albumina, globulinas e creatinina foram 7,11 g dL-1, 3,36 g dL-1, 3,75 g dL-1 e 0,91 mg dL-1. A ureia serica apresentou resposta linear decrescente, enquanto a glicose serica de apresentou resposta linear crescente ao aumento da inclusao de ureia. A inclusao de ate 1,5% de ureia na MS em racoes isoproteicas nao afeta o consumo de alimento, o desempenho e a eficiencia alimentar, e nao causa prejuizos metabolicos em cordeiros confinados na fase de terminacao.

A 10-year-old Maltese neutered female was presented for lip dermatitis and mild generalised pruritus. On examination, there were multiple lesions affecting the peri-oral and peri-nasal mucocutaneous junctions as well as distal limbs. Serum chemistry and a bile acids test were indicative of hepatocellular injury and hepatic dysfunction. Plasma amino acids were markedly depleted. Ultrasonography of the liver revealed a honeycombed appearance. A CT scan was performed to rule out a porto-vascular abnormality, hepatic or pancreatic neoplasia. Abnormalities in hepatic architecture are described in this confirmed case of hepatocutaneous syndrome (HCS) for the first time on CT. This is the first reported case of HCS in Hong Kong. The dog was treated with a high-quality protein diet and amino acids transfusions. Eleven months after presentation the dog was still alive with good control of clinical signs.

A randomized, prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study on the effect of oral melatonin on platelet parameters was performed on 40 healthy dogs with normal physical examinations and no clinically significant findings on serum chemistry evaluation. Dogs were randomly assigned to the study group or the placebo-control group and administered oral melatonin or an oral inert tablet, respectively, for 28 days. Dogs in the study group were administered melatonin at 3 mg per os q 12 hr for dogs weighing

A 21-year-old man, a member of the track team, has his first kidney stone at college. Computed tomography showed a 4-mm obstructing distal ureteral stone and a nonobstructing 4-mm contralateral kidney stone. The stone passed: its composition was 100% calcium oxalate. Serum chemistry was normal with

Limited research has characterized blood chemistry in healthy stock-type foals. Our objectives were to determine foal serum chemistry and hematology changes during the first 72 hours postnatal and compare these with adult horse reference ranges. Over 3 foaling seasons, serum chemistry and hematology were determined for 16 healthy stock-type foals born to similarly managed mares. Blood was collected at 0 hours (before nursing but after standing, within 85 minutes of birth) and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after initial sampling. Data were analyzed with sampling hour, year, and their interaction as fixed effects. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations increased (P.001) from 0 to 24 hours. Triglycerides increased (P.001) and glucose decreased (P = .01) between 24 to 48 hours. Serum nonesterified fatty acids increased (P = .04) from 0 to 6 hours and decreased (P ≤ .01) from 6 to 24 hours. Serum urea nitrogen increased (P.001) between 0 and 6 hours and decreased (P.001) from 12 to 72 hours. Serum total protein and globulin concentrations increased (P.001) from 0 to 12 hours, albumin decreased (P ≤ .01) from 0 to 24, and creatinine decreased (P ≤ .02) from 0 to 72 hours. Hour also affected (P ≤ .03) electrolytes, metabolic enzymes, and all hematological components except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P = .77). These data demonstrate dynamic blood biochemical and hematological changes throughout the first 72 hours in foals, suggesting that sampling time should be considered when evaluating individual neonates.

Summary: These assays are performed on all the pig models studied by the DiaComp to assess their serum chemistry and blood cell counts. Diabetic Complications

Carbohydrases are often incorporated into livestock feed as digestive aids to improve animal performance. AC1 is a thermostable carbohydrase with β-1,4-glucanase, endo-cellulase, and cellobiohydrolase activity. AC1 has been expressed in corn, where it accumulates in the grain for easy inclusion in animal diets. Incorporating the enzyme in high-fiber diets (corn-soy supplemented with distiller's dry grains with solubles) that were fed to 5-week-old pigs led to a trend of decreasing viscosity of the digesta as the dose of the enzyme increased (P = 0.092). AC1 also tended to increase the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.076). When fed diets containing 2126 U/kg AC1, pigs experienced no adverse effects in terms of performance metrics (body weights, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio), hematology, blood chemistry or general health when compared to pigs fed a control diet that lacked AC1., Carbohydrase; Beta-glucanase; Animal nutrition; Swine; Feed additive

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely present endocrine disruptor chemical found in many household items. Moreover, this chemical can bioaccumulate in various terrestrial and aquatic sources; thereby ensuring continual exposure of animals and humans. For most species, including humans, diet is considered the primary route of exposure. However, there has been little investigation whether commercial-brands of dog foods contain BPA and potential health ramifications of BPA-dietary exposure in dogs. We sought to determine BPA content within dog food, whether short-term consumption of these diets increases serum concentrations of BPA, and potential health consequences, as assessed by potential hematological, serum chemistry, cortisol, DNA methylation, and gut microbiome changes, in dogs associated with short-term dietary exposure to BPA. Fourteen healthy privately-owned dogs were used in this study. Blood and fecal samples were collected prior to dogs being placed for two-weeks on one of two diets (with one considered to be BPA-free), and blood and fecal samples were collected again. Serum/plasma samples were analyzed for chemistry and hematology profiles, cortisol concentrations, 5-methylcytosine in lymphocytes, and total BPA concentrations. Fecal samples were used for microbiome assessments. Both diets contained BPA, and after two-weeks of being on either diet, dogs had a significant increase in circulating BPA concentrations (pre-samples=0.7±0.15ng/mL, post-samples=2.2±0.15ng/mL, p

We measured serum chemistries in wild Black-capped Chickadees ( Poecile atricapillus ) from Alaska to test for potential differences associated with beak deformities characteristic of avian keratin disorder. Lower uric acid in affected birds was the only difference detected between groups, although sample sizes were small. This difference could be associated with fasting or malnutrition in birds with beak deformities, but it is challenging to interpret its biologic significance without reference values. Black-capped Chickadees had high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase relative to reference values for companion birds. However, all serum chemistry parameters from our study were within the range of values reported from other apparently healthy wild-caught birds.

Objective To assess the toxic potential of Dissotis rotundifolia ( D. rotundifolia ) whole plant extract in Spraque–Dawley rats within a 2-week period of administration. Methods Methanolic extract of D. rotundifolia was administered orally once daily at dose levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1 000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. Toxicity was assessed using mortality, clinical signs, body and organ weights, hematological indices, serum chemistry parameters and histopathological analyses. Results There were no treatment-related mortalities or differences in clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry. This was confirmed by micrographs obtained from histopathological analysis. Conclusions The results obtained from the sub-acute toxicological assessment of D. rotundifolia extract suggest that the extract is non-toxic at doses up to 1 000 mg/kg/day administered for a period of 14 days.

The establishment of clinical pathology baseline data is critical to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in marine mammal groups. Despite increased availability of studies on hematology and biochemistry of marine mammals, reference ranges are lacking for many populations, especially among fur seal species. During the austral summers of 2014 and 2015, we evaluated basic hematologic and biochemical parameters in clinically healthy, physically restrained South American fur seal ( Arctocephalus australis ) lactating females and 2-mo-old pups. We also assessed the temporal variation of hematology parameters on the pups during their first 2 mo of life. Reference ranges of lactating females were similar to those previously reported in other fur seal species. In the case of pups, reference ranges are similar to values previously reported in sea lion species. As expected, most biochemical and hematologic values differ significantly between adult females and pups. As in other otariids, South American fur seals pups are born with higher values of total red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume, and lower numbers of total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. To the best of our knowledge, data on hematology reference values for South American fur seals has not been previously reported and is useful for continued health monitoring of this species, as well as for comparisons with other otariid groups.

Pathology reports are a vital component of the request-test-report cycle communicating pathology results to doctors to support clinical decision making. This should be done in a comprehensive, safe and time-efficient manner. As doctors may receive reports from different laboratories these goals can be achieved more readily if reports are formatted in the same way. This study evaluates the formatting of paper reports produced by Australian laboratories for numerical biochemistry results. As part of the RCPAQAP Liquid Serum Chemistry program in 2015, laboratories were invited to supply a routine paper report displaying the results. A total of 37 reports were received for analysis. These reports were assessed for variation in a range of components and, where possible, against relevant Australian standards and guidelines. In summary, there was a wide variation in most of the report components assessed including test names, result alignment, result flagging, sequence of data elements on the page, date formatting and patient name formatting. In most components there was also variation from the Standards. In order to ensure safe result transmission by printed reports there is a need to promote the adoption of current reporting standards and monitor compliance with similar external quality assurance programs.

BackgroundKidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD), is common in older dogs. The biomarkers symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine (Cr) are indicators of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This retrospective study used these biomarkers to identify groups at risk of decreased GFR at the breed level.MethodsData from dogs with a single serum chemistry result that included Cr and SDMA submitted between July 2015 through December 2017 were included. Dogs were identified by breed and age group. Decreased GFR was defined as Cr above 1.9 mg/dl or SDMA above 18 µg/dl.ResultsFourteen breeds had a significantly higher percentage of dogs with increased SDMA or Cr for one or more age groups. Geriatric and senior Shetland sheepdogs, Yorkshire terriers and Pomeranians were significantly more likely to have increased renal biomarkers. Boxers were identified with significantly increased renal biomarkers in the age groups spanning two months to 10 years of age.ConclusionEvidence of decreased GFR occurred commonly in older dogs of most breeds, especially geriatric dogs greater than 10 years of age, but there were some exceptions, with more significant changes affecting younger animals of several breeds. The combination of SDMA and Cr identified more cases of decreased GFR than either SDMA or Cr alone.

Synchrony of colorectal adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and hyperparathyroidism with colon adenocarcinoma is a rare entity, reported in a handful of cases. We authors would like to report a rare case of coexistence of poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma, NET of appendix and hyperparathyroidism. A 43-year-old Caucasian female was diagnosed with metastatic colon adenocarcinoma involving the caecum and appendiceal orifice. The resected specimen also confirmed presence of concurrent well-differentiated NET in distal half of appendix. For this patient, serum chemistry was significant for severe hypercalcemia with elevated parathyroid hormone and fairly normal range parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Importantly, association among the aforementioned conditions remains elusive and warrants further research; nevertheless, surveillance procedures could be performed in patients, if a correlation exists at all.

The effects of fufu sieviate meal based diets at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% levels using Panicum maximum as the basal on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African dwarf (WAD) goats were studied for 87 days. Thirty six blood samples were collected from the WAD goats and their haematological and serum biochemical indices were determined using Beckman Coulter Ac-T10 Laboratory Haematology Blood Analyzer and Bayer DCA 2000+ HbA1c analyzer, respectively using a completely randomized design. Packed cell volume (PCV) was better (p

Decreased health may have lowered the birth and survival rates of Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus) in the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands over the past 30 yr. Reference ranges for clinical hematology and serum chemistry parameters needed to assess the health of wild sea lion populations are limited. Here, blood parameters were serially measured in 12 captive female Steller sea lions ranging in age from 3 wk to 16 yr to establish baseline values and investigate age-related changes. Whether diving activity affects hematology parameters in animals swimming in the ocean compared with animals in a traditional aquarium setting was also examined. Almost all blood parameters measured exhibited significant changes with age. Many of the age-related changes reflected developmental life history changes, including a change in diet during weaning, an improvement of diving capacity, and the maturity of the immune system. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were also higher in the ocean diving group compared with the aquarium group, likely reflecting responses to increased exercise regimes. These data provide ranges of hematology and serum chemistry values needed to evaluate and compare the health and nutritional status of captive and wild Steller sea lions.

Our purpose was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT compared with (111)In-pentetreotide imaging for diagnosis, staging, and restaging of pulmonary and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.(68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and (111)In-pentetreotide scans were obtained for 78 of 97 consecutively enrolled patients with known or suspected pulmonary or gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Safety and toxicity were measured by comparing vital signs, serum chemistry values, or acquisition-related medical complications before and after (68)Ga-DOTATATE injection. Added value was determined by changes in treatment plan when (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT results were added to all prior imaging, including (111)In-pentetreotide. Interobserver reproducibility of (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan interpretation was measured between blinded and nonblinded interpreters.(68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and (111)In-pentetreotide scans were significantly different in impact on treatment (P0.001). (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT combined with CT or liver MRI changed care in 28 of 78 (36%) patients. Interobserver agreement between blinded and nonblinded interpreters was high. No participant had a trial-related event requiring treatment. Mild, transient events were tachycardia in 1, alanine transaminase elevation in 1, and hyperglycemia in 2 participants. No clinically significant arrhythmias occurred. (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT correctly identified 3 patients for peptide-receptor radiotherapy incorrectly classified by (111)In-pentetreotide.(68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was equivalent or superior to (111)In-pentetreotide imaging in all 78 patients. No adverse events requiring treatment were observed. (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT changed treatment in 36% of participants. Given the lack of significant toxicity, lower radiation exposure, and improved accuracy compared with (111)In-pentetreotide, (68)Ga-DOTATATE imaging should be used instead of (111)In-pentetreotide imaging where available.

Patients in HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) showed peripheral fat loss, central fat accumulation and/or lipid and glucose metabolic manifestations, characteristics of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome (HIVLS). The present study aimed to assess the influence of healthy lifestyle habits on HIVLS effects. The sample included 51 volunteers with serum chemistry changes that matched lipodystrophy. Food Frequency and International Physical Activity Short Form questionnaires were used to form the following groups: control (proper feed and active, N = 31) and study (inadequate feed and/or inactive, N = 20). The groups were assessed regarding body anthropometry and lipodystrophy severity. Both groups were formed by active individuals. A poor diet contributed to high waist-hip ratio in males from the study group (p < 0.05). In addition, a poor diet also contributed to body weight increase, which causes elevated blood glucose in patients with HIVLS. There was no interference of healthy living habits in HIVLS physical severity. However, anthropometric parameters and serum biochemistry monitoring can provide valuable information for early diagnosis of secondary morphological changes related to antiretroviral therapy *Corresponding author: Iracema Hermes Pires de Melo Montenegro, University of Pernambuco, PetrolinaCampus, College of Nutrition, BR 203, Km 2 Vila Eduardo, Petrolina PE, 56328-903, Tel: (87) 3866-6468; Fax: (87) 3866-6470; E-mail: iracemamelo@hotmail.com Received Date: April 24, 2016 Accepted Date: August 22, 2016 Published Date: August 29, 2016

In this study we aimed to compare the reporting unit size used by Australian laboratories for routine chemistry and haematology tests to the unit size used by learned authorities and in standard laboratory textbooks and to the justified unit size based on measurement uncertainty (MU) estimates from quality assurance program data. MU was determined from Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) - Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists (AACB) and RCPA Haematology Quality Assurance Program survey reports. The reporting unit size implicitly suggested in authoritative textbooks, the RCPA Manual, and the General Serum Chemistry program itself was noted. We also used published data on Australian laboratory practices.The best performing laboratories could justify their chemistry unit size for 55% of analytes while comparable figures for the 50% and 90% laboratories were 14% and 8%, respectively. Reporting unit size was justifiable for all laboratories for red cell count, >50% for haemoglobin but only the top 10% for haematocrit. Few, if any, could justify their mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) reporting unit sizes.The reporting unit size used by many laboratories is not justified by present analytical performance. Using MU estimates to determine the reporting interval for quantitative laboratory results ensures reporting practices match local analytical performance and recognises the inherent error of the measurement process.

We present the first reference ranges for hematology (n = 35 animals), serum biochemistry (n = 62), and serum protein electrophoresis (n = 32) in physically restrained free-ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Animals were captured in box traps and physically restrained for blood sampling during the winter in Sweden, 2011-13. No clinically significant sex or age differences were found.

The early and accurate diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be challenging. Fibrinogen plays an important role in mediating inflammation of bacterial infections and therefore could be a valuable biomarker for PJI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of serum levels of fibrinogen in detecting PJI, and to compare the results with the established PJI biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count. Eighty-four patients (124 surgeries) were prospectively included. The preoperatively analyzed parameters were fibrinogen, CRP and leukocyte count. The sensitivity and specificity of the biomarkers were calculated and compared. Fibrinogen (p

295 Background: Several biomarkers based on serum chemistry have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of several types of cancers. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative mGPS and NLR after curative resection for gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 295 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer at our institution from January 2013 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. The mGPS was calculated by CRP and Alb using standard thresholds ( > 0.5 mg/dL for CRP and < 3.5 g/dL for Alb). The NLR was defined as absolute neutrophil count divided by absolute lymphocyte count. The survival curves of patients stratified by each parameter were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to select parameters independently correlated with prognosis. Results: The median follow-up time was 36.7 months, and 29 patients died during follow-up. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 83.1%. Results from the univariate analyses showed mGPS2 (CRP > 0.5 mg/dL and Alb < 3.5 g/dL) was associated with poor survival while NLR and NLRc was not (P < 0.001, P = 0.506, and P = 0.423, respectively). In the multivariate analyses, the mGPS2 was identified as an independent predictive factor for OS in gastric cancer patients after curative resection (HR: 2.624; 95% CI: 1.058-6.505; P = 0.037). Conclusions: Preoperative mGPS2 was associated with worse survival after curative resection of gastric cancer patients. Based on our study, those with mPGS2 may be warranted to receive additional therapy or nutritional support to acquire better survival.

The purpose of this study was to obtain reference values of serum chemistry in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), 5 juvenile (n=25) and 3 broodstock (n=15) subpopulations which were differentiated by cultured method. Serum samples were analyzed for the following commercial clinical kits: total protein, albumin, glucose, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), total cholesterol, free cholesterol, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase). Significant differences were observed in the values of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, AST, ALT, LDH and ALP between juvenile and broodstock subpopulations. In the comparison of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol and ALP, broodstock subpopulations showed higher levels. On the other hand, increased AST, ALT and LDH were observed in juvenile subpopulations. These results indicate that cultured method are major contributors to health-related physiology of Korean rockfish, juveniles and broodstocks.Key words : Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, Serum chemistry, Juvenile, Broodstock

In this paper, FTIR spectroscopy was applied to compare the serum from leukemia patients with the serum from healthy persons. IR spectra of leukemia patients' serum were similar with IR spectra of healthy persons' serum, and they were all made up of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, etc. In order to identify leukemia patients' serum and healthy persons' serum, the H1075/H1542, H1045/H1467, H2959/H2931 ratios were measured. The H2959/H2931 ratio had the highest significant difference among these ratios and might be a useful factor for identifying leukemia patients' serum and healthy persons' serum. Furthermore, from curve fitting, the RNA/DNA (A1115/A1028) ratios were observed to be lower in leukemia patients' serum than those in healthy persons' serum. The results indicated FTIR spectroscopic study of serum might be a useful tool in the field of leukemia research and diagnosis.

3-Methylpentane (C6H14, CAS No. 96-14-0), isomer of hexane, is a colorless liquid originating naturally from petroleum or natural gas liquids. 3-Methylpentane has been used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant, and as a raw material for producing carbon black. There is limited information available on the inhalation toxicity of 3-methylpentane, and the aim of this study was to determine its subacute inhalation toxicity. According to OECD Test Guideline 412 (subacute inhalation toxicity: 28-day study), Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 284, 1,135, and 4,540 ppm of 3-methylpentane for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, and gross and histopathological findings were compared between control and all exposure groups. No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were observed during the study. No gross or histopathological lesions, or adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weights were observed in any male or female rats in all exposure groups, although some statistically significant changes were observed in food consumption, serum chemistry, and organ weights. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for 3-methylpentane above 4,540 ppm/6 hr/day, 5 days/week for rats.