1. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: An overview of potential new treatment options
- Author
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Joan Palou Redorta, Thomas E. Hutson, Alberto Briganti, Oscar Rodriguez Faba, Grégoire Robert, Rossano Cesari, Subramanian Hariharan, Neal D. Shore, and Gary D. Steinberg
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Disease ,Targeted therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ,Chemotherapy ,Bladder cancer ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Cystoscopy ,medicine.disease ,Review article ,Clinical trial ,Administration, Intravesical ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,BCG Vaccine ,Female ,business ,Non muscle invasive - Abstract
Aim This review article summarizes the current clinical practice guidelines around disease definitions and risk stratifications, and the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Recently completed and ongoing clinical trials of novel and investigational therapies in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-naive, BCG-recurrent, and BCG-unresponsive patient populations are also described, e.g., those involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, other chemotherapy regimens, vaccines, and viral- or bacterial-based treatments. Finally, a brief overview of enhanced cystoscopy and drug delivery systems for the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC is provided. Background A global shortage of access to BCG is affecting the management of BCG-naive and BCG-recurrent/unresponsive NMIBC; hence, there is an urgent need to assist patients and urologists to enhance the treatment of this disease. Methods Searches of ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Google Scholar were conducted. Published guidance and conference proceedings from major congresses were reviewed. Conclusion Treatment strategies for NMIBC are generally consistent across guidelines. Several novel therapies have demonstrated promising antitumor activity in clinical trials, including in high-risk or BCG-unresponsive disease. The detection, diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment of NMIBC have also been improved through enhanced disease detection.
- Published
- 2021