1. Differential Binding of Sarilumab and Tocilizumab to IL‐6Rα and Effects of Receptor Occupancy on Clinical Parameters
- Author
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Tomonori Ishii, Qiang Lu, Christine Xu, Vanaja Kanamaluru, Ernest Choy, Jeanette L. Fairhurst, Anne Paccaly, Terra Potocky, Melitza Iglesias-Rodriguez, Patrick Nolain, Gregory St John, Michael C Nivens, Rafael Maldonado, Paul Emery, and Ashique Rafique
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pharmacology ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Models, Biological ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,C-reactive protein ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tocilizumab ,Internal medicine ,Receptors ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Interleukin 6 ,Receptor ,biology ,Interleukin-6 ,business.industry ,Sarilumab ,medicine.disease ,Receptors, Interleukin-6 ,Rheumatology ,Treatment period ,chemistry ,Antirheumatic Agents ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,business ,Protein Binding - Abstract
We evaluated interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor-α subunit (IL-6Rα) signaling inhibition with sarilumab and tocilizumab, the association between IL-6Rα receptor occupancy (RO) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and the potential clinical relevance of any differences. For this, we measured IL-6Rα binding and signaling inhibition with sarilumab and tocilizumab in vitro, simulated soluble IL-6Rα RO over time for approved sarilumab subcutaneous (SC) and tocilizumab intravenous (IV) and SC doses, and assessed associations between calculated RO and CRP reduction, 28-joint Disease Activity Score based on CRP, and 20%/50%/70% improvement in American College of Rheumatology responses from clinical data. Sarilumab binds IL-6Rα in vitro with 15- to 22-fold higher affinity than tocilizumab, and inhibits IL-6–mediated classical and trans signaling via membrane-bound and soluble IL-6Rα. Sarilumab 200 and 150 mg SC every 2 weeks achieved >90% RO after first and second doses, respectively, maintained throughout the treatment period. At steady-state trough, RO was greater with sarilumab 200 mg (98%) and 150 mg SC every 2 weeks (94%), and tocilizumab 162 mg SC weekly (>99%) and 8 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks (99%), vs tocilizumab 162 mg SC every 2 weeks (84%) and 4 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks (60%). Higher RO was associated with greater CRP reduction and 28-joint Disease Activity Score based on CRP reduction, and more sarilumab patients achieving 20%/50%/70% improvement in American College of Rheumatology responses. The greatest reduction in CRP levels was observed with sarilumab (both doses) and tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks (reductions proportionally smaller with 4 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks). Higher IL-6Rα binding affinity translated into higher RO with sarilumab vs tocilizumab 4 mg/kg every 4 weeks or 162 mg every 2 weeks; tocilizumab required the higher dose or increased frequency to maintain the same degree of RO and CRP reduction. Higher RO was associated with clinical parameter improvements.
- Published
- 2021