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This study was conducted to reveal the mechanism of T-2 toxin induced small intestine injuries in broilers through a new perspective that combined transcriptomics and microbiology studies. 96-d-old male Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 6 birds/cage and all birds were fed a corn-soybean-based diet (Control) and the other 3 groups supplemented with T-2 toxin at 1.0, 3.0 or 6.0 mg/kg, respectively, for 2 weeks. Growth performance and nutrients digestibility were analyzed. Duodenum was collected to assay for histology, transcriptomics and microbiology. Compared with the control, final body weight, body weight gain and feed intake were decreased (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner with increasing dietary T-2 toxin dose. Specially, in dietary T-2 toxin at 6.0 mg/kg, the feed/gain increased (P < 0.05) 11.4% and the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus were decreased (P < 0.05) by 14.9%, 18.0% and 16.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, T-2 toxin induced severe degeneration, necrosis and desquamation of the villous epithelial cells, increased inflammatory cells. Furthermore, the results of transcriptome drew that 2536 genes showed significant differences and were partially enriched in metabolic pathways, cell growth and death, apoptosis, the metabolism by CYP450, immune response pathways. Gut microbiota play a key role as microbial and duodenum genes and metabolites affected by T-2 toxin shared multiple pathways. Remarkably, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria that related to energy metabolism and inflammatory were seriously affected (P < 0.05). In summary, combined the results of integrated analysis, T-2 toxin partially induced intestine injury, potentially through changing the gene expression and the intestinal micro-ecology or damaging the intestinal mucosal directly, thus inducing inflammatory and apoptotic.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of T-2 toxin on the transcriptome of the glandular stomach in chicks using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Four groups of 1-day-old Cobb male broilers (n = 4 cages/group, 6 chicks/cage) were fed a corn-soybean-based diet (control) and control supplemented with T-2 toxin at 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively, for 2 weeks. The histological results showed that dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin at 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg induced glandular gastric injury including serious inflammation, increased inflammatory cells, mucosal edema, and necrosis and desquamation of the epithelial cells in the glandular stomach of chicks. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that there were 671, 1393, and 1394 genes displayed ≥2 (P

Background Viral myocardial disease (VMD) is a common disease inducing heart failure. It has not been clear the roles of mitochondrial damage in the pathological changes of cardiomyocytes in VMD. Methods Myocardial tissues and lymphocytes were collected from 83 VMD patients. Control groups included 12 cases of healthy accidental death with myocardial autopsy and 23 healthy blood donors. The mouse model of viral myocarditis (VMC) was established by Coxsackie virus B3 infection and myocardial tissues and skeletal muscle were collected. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion rate was quantitatively determined using polymerase chain reaction. Results There was significantly difference of myocardial mitochondrial DNA deletion rate between VMD or VMC group and control group (P

Breast cancer in young women is typically with higher proportion of adverse pathological features. Breast cancer with BRCA1 mutation is often early-onset, and is usually associated with triple negative phenotpe. In this study, we aim to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in young breast cancer patients (≤35 years old) comparing to non-young patients (>35 years old). A total of 1913 cases of primary breast carcinoma with stage I–III were enrolled, with 283 cases diagnosed as young patients. No significant difference was observed in tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, ER, HER-2 or histological grade between young and non-young patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). In 70 samples of young patients available, BRCA1 was immunohistochemically positive 85.7% in cytoplasm and 41.4% in nuclear. BRCA1 nuclear expression is not significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics in young breast cancer patients.