1. Microglial response to experimental periodontitis in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease
- Author
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Amin Marghalani, Wael Yaghmoor, Isabel Carreras, Jae-Yong Ahn, Christina M. Tognoni, Danielle Stephens, Alpaslan Dedeoglu, and Alpdogan Kantarci
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Medicine ,Plaque, Amyloid ,Disease ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Periodontitis ,lcsh:Science ,Dental alveolus ,Neuroinflammation ,Chemokine CCL2 ,Inflammation ,Multidisciplinary ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,Microglia ,Chemistry ,Interleukin-6 ,Dentate gyrus ,lcsh:R ,Brain ,Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ,Alzheimer's disease ,medicine.disease ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Murine model ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Immunostaining - Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) has been suggested to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We tested the impact of ligature-induced PD on 5xFAD mice and WT littermates. At baseline, 5xFAD mice presented significant alveolar bone loss compared to WT mice. After the induction of PD, both WT and 5xFAD mice experienced alveolar bone loss. PD increased the level of Iba1-immunostained microglia in WT mice. In 5xFAD mice, PD increased the level of insoluble Aβ42. The increased level in Iba1 immunostaining that parallels the accumulation of Aβ in 5xFAD mice was not affected by PD except for a decrease in the dentate gyrus. Analysis of double-label fluorescent images showed a decline in Iba1 in the proximity of Aβ plaques in 5xFAD mice with PD compared to those without PD suggesting a PD-induced decrease in plaque-associated microglia (PAM). PD reduced IL-6, MCP-1, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ in brains of WT mice and reduced IL-10 in 5xFAD mice. The data demonstrated that PD increases neuroinflammation in WT mice and disrupts the neuroinflammatory response in 5xFAD mice and suggest that microglia is central to the association between PD and AD.
- Published
- 2020