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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease belongs to a group of disparate diseases clinically and genetically characterized by increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) as a result of defect in insulin metabolism. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) (Oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1-49) is one of the most important enzymes of the metabolite, the main enzyme and the key to the Pentose phosphate path way. Unsuitable control of blood glucose decreases G6PD activity and increases diabetes mellitus complications. the This study evaluated effect of Mediterranean mutation which causes decrease G6PD activity on diabetes patients and evaluated the difference of G6PD activity among diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and the impact of hyperglycemia on the G6PD activity and different in G6PD activity in six and age and relation between Calcium and Magnesium with G6PD activity and Mediterranean mutation and found correlative coefficient(r) between G6PD activity in Patient and Blood sugar, Calcium, Magnesium and G6PD activity in healthy people. Asixteen diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were selected from patients 8 to 60 years old. Demographic data including gender, age, height, weight, duration of diabetes mellitus, type and duration of treatment, medical history (especially fauvism) were recorded. Blood pressure and body mass index were also measured. One blood sample was taken from each subject and 5 elements including G6PD presence and activity, fasting plasma glucose, plasma Calcium, Magnesium and DNA was extraction from whole blood and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and later subjected to digestion by restriction enzyme MboII to create restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to enable the detection of mutation that caused G6PD deficiency namely Mediterranean (Med). G6PD activity was significantly higher in non-diabetic subjects (P

This study was done by partially purification of prolidase from serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Gel filtration technique, and using sephadex G100 gel as a stationary phase. The degree of purification (15.1) fold, enzyme yield (95.5%) and specific activity (0.00176 IU/I), were carried out .Kinetics studies for the partial purified enzyme technique showed optimal concentration of substrate which was 5 mmol/l Km = 0.66ng and Vmax =0.80 mM, while optimum Temperature was (35C°) and optimum pH was (8). The molecular weight of the partial purified enzyme has been determined by gel electrophoresis method , in presence of polyacrylamide gel and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS_PAGE) which showed that the approximates molecular weight was (54KD),we found high level of prolactin in the patient with polycystic ovary syndrome which was(24.03) when in the control was( 10.09),the value of TSH in the patient was( 17.08) which is high value and in the control was( 1.49), the value of T4 in the patient was (100.2) and in control was (118.4),the value of T3 in the patient was (0.3)and in control was (1.3).Testosterone in patient was (0.391) and in control was (0.206). http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.130

This study has been acomblished between December 2016 and September 2017 which included 70 patients with chronic renal failure who attended at Al-yarmuke teaching hospital in Baghdad with25 healthy individual as control. The research aims to study the effect of hypertension, diabetes and smoking on the levels of some biochemical parameters of chronic renal failure patients comparing with healthy control .The results showed a significant increase in the concentrations of urea, creatine, uric acid, cholesterol, Triglycerides(TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), compared to healthy control. The results also showed that hypertension has an effect on the concentration of urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), the results indicated that the diabetes has effects on the concentration of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins( LDL) and Very Low density lipoproteins (VLDL) with no effects on the concentration of uric acid. There was an effect of smoking on The concentrations of cholesterol and the Triglycerides(TG), low Density Lipoproteins( LDL), Very Low density Lipoproteins (VLDL), urea, uric acid, and creatinine .The gender has no effect on the concentration of all measured parameters except on TG concentration http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.049

Background: Obesity is a multifaceted condition and represents a pandemic that needs urgent attention. Obesity, both directly and indirectly, increases the risk for a variety of disease conditions including diabetes, hypertension, liver disease, and certain cancers, which in turn, decreases the overall lifespan in both men and women. Leptin most likely indicates satiety and fullness of energy stores under physiological conditions, but obesity is characterized by hyperleptinemia and hypothalamic leptin resistance. Many studies have found association between obesity leading to oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus type 2, and many others have shown that the level of ROS increase in obesity. Methods: In this study conducted on 176 individuals in the age group from (20-55) years, from Tikrit and Kirkuk Governorates. Blood samples were divided into three groups according to BMI: Group One: Control group (Normal Weight): 66 individual (32 male, 34 female), BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Group Two: Over Weight group: 50 individual (16 male, 34 female), BMI (25.0–29.9 kg/m2). Group Three: Obese group: 60 individual (28 male, 32 female), BMI (≥ 30 kg/m2). Results: The results showed a high significant increase (p=0.000088) in the BMI levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group. The results showed a high significant increase (p=0.00008) in the Leptin hormone levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group. There is a high significant increase in the (cholesterol, TG, VLDL and LDL) levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group (p=0.00002)and (p=0.000041) respectively, while the results showed a high significant decrease (p=0.000034) in the HDL concentration in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group, the results showed a high significant decrease (p=0.00005) in the GSH concentration in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group, the results showed a high significant increase (p=0.00003) in the MDA levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between leptin with Cholesterol (r=0.526), Triglyceride (r=0.594), LDL (r=0.645), VLDL (r=0.594) and MDA (r=0.692), but there was a negative correlation between leptin with HDL (r=-0.642), GSH (r=-0.734). Conclusion: The results of (leptin and lipid profile) indicated highly associated with oxidative stress (MDA, GSH) levels and these correlations caused obesity.