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stress reaction syndrome caused by chronic exposure to job-related stressors; and characterized by Emotional Exhaustions (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and a low sense of Personal Accomplishment (PA).Health-care providers (HCPs) are particularly vulnerable and prone to burnout syndrome (BOS). Aim of work: To estimate frequency and recognize risk indicators for BOS among HCPs in Minia city. Materials and methods: A total of 280 hospital workers from three different hospitals in Minia city completed a self-administered questionnaire that was used to measure BOS. Data was collected using Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: Health care providers reported high levels of EE (61.8%), high levels of DP (52.5%) and low levels of PA (45.7%). Surgical department’s HCPs showed the highest score of burnout in EE level, however those in emergency department recorded the highest level in both (DP) and (PA). The 3 subscales were high among those with longer duration at work. Using logistic regression, the most significant predictors of EE were found to be gender followed by years of working, and smoking status. Factors associated with DP were years of working followed by age, hours of working shift, and with PA were age followed by sleeping time, and gender. Conclusion: Health care providers are highly vulnerable to each of the dimensions of Burnout syndrome – namely emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment- in the hospital work. Decreasing BOS by incorporation of mindfulness and teamwork into practice, decrease stress from electronic health records, promote physician control of the work environment, and to find balance in life.

Introduction: Dentistry is a high risk profession for developing MSDs (musculoskeletal disorders) because of the high visual demands, prolonged static posture, repetitive motion, inadequate lighting and mental stress that result in prolonged and affixed aswell as uncomfortable postures. Aim of Work: To study the occurrence of MSDs among dentists in comparison to physician at Minia University Hospitals. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 participants; 164 dental and 164 medical practitioners recruited, interviewed and examined during the period from February, 2015 to December, 2015. Every participant completed a questionnaire that included his socio-demographic data, full occupational history and lifestyle factors as well as information about any job-related MSDs. Describing anddetermining the site of pain was performed by using the Modified Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), while the severity of pain was assessed by using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: However, both the dentist and physician groups were matched regarding their age and sex, MSDs were significantly higher among dentists (88.4%) than physician (58.5%), (p=0.001), (OR=5.4). Neck (63.4%), low back (54.3%), shoulder (53%), wrist (49.4%) and upper back (44.5%) were the most common MSDs among dentists. The most common factors that lead to the occurrence of MSDs were prolonged static posture, long duration of employment and increased work load and working hours. Conclusion: MSDs are much higher among dentists than physicians. Neck and low back are the most common sites of MSDs among dental personnel. MSDs risk factors include prolonged static posture, long duration of employment and increased work load and working hours.

Introduction: Rotating night shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and it has been associated with chronic conditions including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome and glucose dysregulation. Aim of work: the study aimed at determining the prevalence of glucose abnormalities among Abo-Korkas sugar factory workers and exploring the impact of rotating night shifts on glycemic state and control of diabetes. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study a total of 330 male workers at Abo-Korkas sugar factory were randomly selected to fill out an interview questionnaire, have medical examination and be tested for fasting and post-prandial blood glucose level; with assessment of HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c test) for those who were diagnosed as diabetics. Results: Our findings showed that 61 (18.4%) workers were diabetics, 7 of them were newly diagnosed diabetics. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher (p= 0.01) among former (33.3%) and current (15.7%) night shift than day-time workers (14.4%). The crude Odds Ratio (OR) for developing diabetes mellitus among the current and former shift workers were 1.1 (0.56-2.18) and 2.9 (1.39-6.31), respectively. Moreover, shift working significantly affected diabetes control (p= 0.04) with an OR= 3.83 (1.02-14.34). Conclusion: Rotating shift work especially night shifts have negative effects on health. It was found to be associated with developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and it hindered diabetes control among night shift diabetic workers. Preventive programs should be implemented for high risk employees. Occupational health practitioners should be aware of such associations that will help them in prevention and management of diabetic employees.

Introduction: Nurses are the first and most available personnel throughout the hospital especially in stressful situations such as accidents, deaths, waiting to visit a physician or transfer of patients to a ward or another hospital. Therefore, they are exposed to more abuse, violence or aggressive behavior from patients or their companions besides the verbal and non verbal aggression they sometimes face from hospital staff. Previous studies showed variable violence rates, e.g., about a third of nurses are physically assaulted and injured, a quarter are sexually harassed and about two-thirds are non-physically assaulted, with these rates varying by setting and world region. Aim of the work: To assess the magnitude of violence against nurses in Upper Egypt, with exploring the reporting, consequences and impact of these aggression incidents. Materials and Methods: Nurses working at different hospitals in Beni-suef hospitals, Egypt, were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about their socio-demographics, frequency of exposure to violence incidents during working lifetime, and last year’s external and internal aggression. Results: The response rate was 70%. Throughout their career, 92.8% of nurses reported that they were exposed to workplace violence. Verbal and psychological aggression incidents were the most common types of violence our nurses were exposed to. During the last year, 86.6% and 42.2% of nurses reported exposure to external and internal violence incidents, respectively. Generally, stress, anger, fear and depression were the most reported consequences after exposure to violence. More than half of the bullied nurses reported that exposure to workplace violence has negative effects on their performance at work. However, about only one third of the violence incidents were reported to administration. Conclusions: This study identified the prevalence rates of all types of aggression the nurses faced during their career and also the last year from both external and internal sources. We also detected the emotional drawbacks of violence on nurses and the impact of different violent incidents on their job quality. Reporting and its consequences were cited clearly, however much study is needed for detecting the causes of under reporting and the most effective methods of stopping aggression directed at nurses.

Introduction: Occupational dysphonia or work-related voice disorders is a frequently met problem among school teachers. Worldwide, many studies have been conducted to tackle this problem; however, in Egypt, no studies had investigated teachers’ dysphonia; with the epidemiology and magnitude of voice problems among Egyptian teachers is still unknown. Aim of the work: To assess the prevalence of work-related dysphonia and its associated factors among Egyptian school teachers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a well-designed, self-administered questionnaire had been used to inquire about the prevalence and risk factors of dysphonia among school teachers in Beni-Suef governorate. Two thousand questionnaires were sent to about 40 different randomly-selected schools, ranging from primary to secondary, (50 questionnaires per school). Additional 1000 questionnaires were distributed to individuals with occupations other than teaching to be used as a comparative group. The purpose of the study with confirming confidentiality of data were included in the questionnaires and accepting to fill out and return the questionnaire back was considered as a consent.Results: From the distributed 3000 questionnaires, about 1441 teachers and 832 non-teachers participated in the study with a response rate of (75.8%). Teachers were significantly more likely to report dysphonia than non-teachers; the prevalence of dysphonia during the day of the survey or within the past 7 days (current or recent dysphonia) was about 18.6% versus 9.3%, while dysphonia in the past month was (28.8% versus 12.7%), dysphonia in the past 3 months, was (46.6% versus 15.9%), respectively. Work-related dysphonia during any time of the working life-time was (65.5% and 21.3%) for teachers and non-teachers, respectively, OR= 3.08 (2.69-3.37).Female teachers were significantly more likely to suffer recent and working life-time dysphonia than males (21.8% versus 16.2% and 68.4% versus 63.3%), respectively; with a life-time OR= 1.53 (1.29-1.80). Additionally, our results confirmed that younger age, less years of experience, large number of students/class, increased hours of voice use, being easily aroused, teaching certain subjects (e.g., Music, English or Math), teaching in primary or secondary schools and being a current smoker are important determinants for experiencing dysphonia. Conclusions: Dysphonia is a prevalent occupational hazards among school teachers that can greatly affect their performance, career and income. Teachers have 3 times risk for occupational dysphonia than non-teachers. It needs to be considered with integrated programs between public and occupational health professionals as well as phoniatrics specialists. Most of voice problems may be preventable; therefore, we recommend developing prevention programs including preventive voice training, oropharyngeal and voice hygiene with sanitary work conditions to combat functional dysphonia among school teachers.